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Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________________ Class Pd: _____ Unit 3A Exam Study Guide Part 1: Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. All of the following are true about the structure of DNA EXCEPT… (A) DNA contains the sugars ribose and deoxyribose. (B) Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. (C) DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. (D) The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix. 6. Which is NOT found in DNA? (A) adenine (B) cytosine (C) uracil (D) thymine 7. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) (A) ribosome (B) codon (C) anticodon (D) mutagen 2. 8. During transcription, (A) proteins are synthesized. (B) DNA travels to the ribosome. (C) mRNA is produced. (D) translation occurs. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n) (A) amino acid (B) nucleotide (C) polypeptide (D) pyrimidine Use this chart to answer questions 9 & 10. 3. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of ___________ (A) protein. (B) thymine (C) adenine (D) cytosine 4. Which is NOT true about DNA replication? (A) It must occur before a cell can divide. (B) It creates two new strands that are identical to the original strand. (C) The DNA double helix unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated. (D) The process occurs in the mitochondria. 5. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA… (A) is single-stranded (B) contains a different sugar (C) contains the nitrogen base uracil (D) all of these answers are correct. 9. After transcription, a strand of mRNA carries the code CUC AAG UGC UUC. After checking the chart shown here, decide which amino acids, in order, are coded for by this piece of mRNA? (A) Ser – Tyr – Arg – Gly (B) Val – Asp – Pro - His (C) Leu – Lys – Cys – Phe (D) Leu – Glu – Leu – Val 10. Suppose that you are given a final protein containing this sequence of amino acids: tyrosine (TYR), proline (PRO), aspartic acid (ASP), isoleucine (ILE), and cysteine (CYS). Using the chart shown, which is the original DNA sequence that would code for this protein’s amino acid sequence? (A) AUG GGU CUA UAU ACG (B) ATG GGT CTA TAT ACT (C) GCA AAC TCG CGC GTA (D) ATA GGG CTT TAA ACA Part 2: Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the blanks. All of the terms will not be used. 11. In order for translation to occur, mRNA must migrate to a … (A) ribosome (B) nucleus (C) mitochondrion (D) Golgi body reproduction. 12. Transfer RNA … (A) carries an amino acid to its correct codon within the ribosome. (B) synthesizes amino acids in the cytoplasm as they are needed. (C) carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. (D) converts DNA into mRNA within the nucleus. 13. The assembly of proteins in a cell takes place in the (A) nucleus. (B) cytoplasm. (C) ribosomes. (D) mitochondria. 14. Proteins are long chains or polymers made up of… (A) nucleotides. (B) carbohydrates. (C) amino acids. (D) lipids. 15. Which shows how information is transformed to make a protein? (A) DNA RNA protein (B) gene chromosome protein (C) cell respiration ATP protein (D) ATP amino acid protein chromosomes amino acids S-phase asexual binary fission diversity mRNA blueprint karyotype sexual tRNA codon cytokinesis identical protein 16. Prokaryotic cells reproduce using _________________ _______________ which is a type of ________________ 17. Sexual reproduction increases ____________________ within a population. 18. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are _________________ to the parent organism. 19. DNA is replicated during the ________________ of the cell cycle. 20. The cytoplasm divides during ___________________. 21. DNA is organized into ______________________ so that it can easily be reproduced. 22. A ______________________ is a photograph of the chromosomes found in a single cell. 23. DNA is a _____________________ for making proteins within a cell. 24. ___________ functions in carrying information from the DNA to the ribosome. 25. ___________ functions in adding amino acids to the protein chain. 26. What is the basic subunit that makes up DNA? 34. Do bacteria reproduce by mitosis? Explain your answer. 27. What are the three parts of the subunit listed for #1? 35. What is cytokinesis? 28. Who created the first model of DNA? 36. What is mitosis? 29. What are the 3 main parts of the cell cycle and what is happening to the cell in each stage? 37What is transcription? What is translation? 38. Describe the differences between DNA and RNA. 30. Name and explain the 3 parts of interphase. 39. Describe the function of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. 31. When during the cell cycle, are chromatids duplicated (be as specific as possible)? 40. Name and describe the enzymes of DNA replication. 32. What is the longest part of the cell cycle? 33. Name and describe the phases of Mitosis? 41. Name and describe the enzymes of transcription. 42. What are the basic building blocks of proteins? What molecule is responsible for reading the mRNA in order to link these building blocks together? Use the following DNA template to answer the following DNA sequence to answer questions 30 -34. TAC AAA AGA ATC 43. Give the mRNA sequence that would be produced for the DNA strand. 44. Use one of your codon charts to give the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for by this mRNA sequence