Download Unit 3A Study Guide

Name: ________________________________
Date: ___________________
Class Pd: _____
Unit 3A Exam Study Guide
Part 1: Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. All of the following are true about the structure of DNA
EXCEPT…
(A) DNA contains the sugars ribose and
deoxyribose.
(B) Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
(C) DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides
joined by hydrogen bonds.
(D) The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into
a double helix.
6. Which is NOT found in DNA?
(A) adenine
(B) cytosine
(C) uracil
(D) thymine
7. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid is called a(n)
(A) ribosome
(B) codon
(C) anticodon
(D) mutagen
2.
8. During transcription,
(A) proteins are synthesized.
(B) DNA travels to the ribosome.
(C) mRNA is produced.
(D) translation occurs.
The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)
(A) amino acid
(B) nucleotide
(C) polypeptide
(D) pyrimidine
Use this chart to answer questions 9 & 10.
3. The amount of guanine in an organism always equals
the amount of ___________
(A) protein.
(B) thymine
(C) adenine
(D) cytosine
4. Which is NOT true about DNA replication?
(A) It must occur before a cell can divide.
(B) It creates two new strands that are identical to
the original strand.
(C) The DNA double helix unwinds and unzips
while it is being duplicated.
(D) The process occurs in the mitochondria.
5. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA…
(A) is single-stranded
(B) contains a different sugar
(C) contains the nitrogen base uracil
(D) all of these answers are correct.
9. After transcription, a strand of mRNA carries the code
CUC AAG UGC UUC. After checking the chart shown
here, decide which amino acids, in order, are coded for by
this piece of mRNA?
(A) Ser – Tyr – Arg – Gly
(B) Val – Asp – Pro - His
(C) Leu – Lys – Cys – Phe
(D) Leu – Glu – Leu – Val
10. Suppose that you are given a final protein containing
this sequence of amino acids:
tyrosine (TYR), proline (PRO),
aspartic acid (ASP), isoleucine (ILE),
and cysteine (CYS).
Using the chart shown, which is the original DNA
sequence that would code for this protein’s amino acid
sequence?
(A) AUG GGU CUA UAU ACG
(B) ATG GGT CTA TAT ACT
(C) GCA AAC TCG CGC GTA
(D) ATA GGG CTT TAA ACA
Part 2: Use the terms in the word bank to fill in the
blanks. All of the terms will not be used.
11. In order for translation to occur, mRNA must migrate
to a …
(A) ribosome
(B) nucleus
(C) mitochondrion
(D) Golgi body
reproduction.
12. Transfer RNA …
(A) carries an amino acid to its correct codon within
the ribosome.
(B) synthesizes amino acids in the cytoplasm as
they are needed.
(C) carries the DNA message from the nucleus to
the site of protein synthesis.
(D) converts DNA into mRNA within the nucleus.
13. The assembly of proteins in a cell takes place in the
(A) nucleus.
(B) cytoplasm.
(C) ribosomes.
(D) mitochondria.
14. Proteins are long chains or polymers made up of…
(A) nucleotides.
(B) carbohydrates.
(C) amino acids.
(D) lipids.
15. Which shows how information is transformed to make
a protein?
(A) DNA  RNA  protein
(B) gene  chromosome  protein
(C) cell respiration  ATP  protein
(D) ATP  amino acid  protein
chromosomes
amino acids
S-phase
asexual
binary fission
diversity
mRNA
blueprint
karyotype
sexual
tRNA
codon
cytokinesis
identical
protein
16. Prokaryotic cells reproduce using _________________
_______________ which is a type of ________________
17. Sexual reproduction increases ____________________
within a population.
18. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are
_________________ to the parent organism.
19. DNA is replicated during the ________________ of
the cell cycle.
20. The cytoplasm divides during ___________________.
21. DNA is organized into ______________________ so
that it can easily be reproduced.
22. A ______________________ is a photograph of the
chromosomes found in a single cell.
23. DNA is a _____________________ for making
proteins within a cell.
24. ___________ functions in carrying information from
the DNA to the ribosome.
25. ___________ functions in adding amino acids to the
protein chain.
26. What is the basic subunit that makes up DNA?
34. Do bacteria reproduce by mitosis? Explain your
answer.
27. What are the three parts of the subunit listed for #1?
35. What is cytokinesis?
28. Who created the first model of DNA?
36. What is mitosis?
29. What are the 3 main parts of the cell cycle and what
is happening to the cell in each stage?
37What is transcription? What is translation?
38. Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.
30. Name and explain the 3 parts of interphase.
39. Describe the function of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
31. When during the cell cycle, are chromatids duplicated
(be as specific as possible)?
40. Name and describe the enzymes of DNA replication.
32. What is the longest part of the cell cycle?
33. Name and describe the phases of Mitosis?
41. Name and describe the enzymes of transcription.
42. What are the basic building blocks of proteins? What
molecule is responsible for reading the mRNA in
order to link these building blocks together?
Use the following DNA template to answer the following
DNA sequence to answer questions 30 -34.
TAC AAA AGA
ATC
43. Give the mRNA sequence that would be produced for
the DNA strand.
44. Use one of your codon charts to give the amino acid
sequence of the protein coded for by this mRNA
sequence