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Transcript
Biology Notes 2-2-09 Baldness- a sex-influenced trait which is dominant in males, recessive in females Color blindness- sex-linked genes in humans They are attached only to the Y chromosomes Hemophilia- a bleeders disease, sex-linked, attached only to the Y chromosome When you cross a horse and a mule -> a “sterile donkey” (Jackass) A germ mutation occurred in a reproduction cell and is transmitted to offspring. A gene mutation is one that occurs in all our cells except the reproductive cells. Factors that cause mutations 1. radiation 2. smoke 3. temperature changes 4. viruses 5. chemicals 6. crossing-over Laws of Independent Assortment: the separation of gene pairs on a given chromosome during meiosis is independent of distribution. Law of Segregation: a pair of factors called genes segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Law of Dominance and Recessiveness: one gene in a pair may mask or prevent the expression of the other. GENETIC DISORDERS PKU: A genetic disease due to a lack of an enzyme. Klinefelter’s Syndrome- Results of non-disjunction when an abnormal sperm containing both the X and Y chromosomes, fertilizes a normal X egg. Turner’s Syndrome- Result’s from the absence of an X chromosome in an egg Down’s syndrome- the result of an abnormal chromosome number, extra 21st pair of chromosome. Sickle cell anemia- a blood disease where the normal round red blood cell are shaped like a sickle. Fraternal twins: result from a separate eggs being fertilized by different sperm 1 Biology Notes 2-2-09 Identical twins: result from an egg being fertilized by same sperm A mutation is a change in DNA. Our heredity and environment both influence our genetic makeup. Species characteristics: upright posture, speech symbols, fingers and toes for grasping. Individual characteristics: eye color, hair color, blood types. 2