Download NAME Chapter 9 VOCAB Cellular Respiration pp 220

NAME __________________________
Chapter 9 VOCAB
Cellular Respiration pp 220-232
calorie – Energy unit that equals the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of
1 gram of water 1◦ C
Calorie ( with a capital ‘’C’’’ ) –
unit used by scientists to measure the energy stored in foods (1 Calorie = 1000 calories)
GLYCOLYSIS –
first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken down into
two molecules of pyruvic acid
CELLULAR RESPIRATION –
process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence
of oxygen
FERMENTATION –
process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN –
series of proteins in which high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP
into ATP
KREBS CYCLE –
second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a
series of energy extracting steps
ANAEROBIC –
’’not in air’’ ; process that does NOT require oxygen
AEROBIC –
process that requires oxygen
GLUCOSE –
carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6H12O6 used as a source of energy in living things
GLYCOGENstorage form of glucose made by joining glucose subunits into chains that is used by animal cells
to store glucose for long-term energy
PYRUVIC ACID (ALSO CALLED PYRUVATE) - molecule containing three carbons that is formed
when glucose breaks apart during glycolysis, the first part of cellular respiration
LACTIC ACID – molecule formed from pyruvic acid that accumulates in muscles during exercise
when oxygen is not available
NAD+ and FAD – high energy electron carriers involved in glycolysis and cellular respiration
ACETYL-COA – 2 carbon molecule attached to Coenzyme A that joins with a 4 carbon molecule to make
citric acid at the start the Krebs cycle
CITRIC ACID – 6 carbon molecule that is broken down at the beginning of the Krebs cycle to release
carbon dioxide
CREATINE – natural substance found in muscles that regenerates ATP for extended energy
which is used as a dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and performance