Download Integrated Physical Science: Semester 2 Exam Review

Unit Three Exam Review
Accuracy and Measurements:
1. What are the steps in the scientific method? What does a scientist do during each of these steps?
observation, research, form a hypothesis, design an experiment, collect and analyze data, form a conclusion,
retest
2. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
IV: What you change in an experiment
DV: What you measure or observe
Chapter #2:
Define and understand the following terms:
force
frame of reference
Net force
Newton
Inertia
st
1 Law of Motion
speed
Support Force
Vector quantity
velocity
1.
What does the phrase “frame of reference” refer to?
Something you use to compare motion to
2. What is your frame of reference for the following:
a. Riding in a car:
things out on the street
b. Sitting on your couch watching tv
Couch or wall
c. In a spaceship orbiting the Earth
The earth
3. If you are riding in a bus and drop a pen, describe what happens to the pen. What is your frame of
reference?
Moving with the bus
4. What is the formula for speed? What are the units for distance, time, and speed?
s=d/t
s: m/s
d: m
t: s
5. On the following graph, what is the x axis, y axis, and what would the slope tell you?
Slope is speed or velocity
distance
6. Draw a motion graph and map for the following:
a.
time
A person walks away from the origin at a constant speed for 2 seconds, stands still for 1 second,
and then walks at a faster constant speed back toward the origin at a faster constant speed for 2
seconds.
b. A car stopped at a stop light for 3 seconds, starts to travel at a constant speed away from the
origin for 1 second before coming to a stop for 2 seconds.
7. If a person travels to Lansing, 100 miles away, and travels for 2 hours, how fast does he travel?
s=d/t
s= 100miles/2 hours= 50miles/hour
8. What distance away is Hart Middle School if you walk for 10 minutes at a speed of 200 m/min?
d=s*t= 200m/min * 10 min= 2000 m
Chapter #3:
Define and understand the following terms:
Acceleration
air drag
Friction
inertia
Kilogram
2nd Law
Terminal speed /terminal velocity
Weight
free fall
inversely
mass
volume
1. What is terminal velocity and how does it relate to surface area and mass?
Terminal velocity is the maximum speed a falling object reaches. It occurs when the force down (object
weight) is equal to the force of air resistance up. The higher the mass, the higher the terminal velocity. The
greater the surface area the lower the terminal velocity
2. What is the formula for acceleration? What are the units of speed and time?
A= Vf-Vi/t
v: m/s
t: s
3. On the following speed vs. time graph, what are the labels for the x and y axis and what value would the
slope give you?
slope = acceleration
speed
time
4. If a car comes to a stop in 3 seconds from 60 miles per hour, what is the car’s acceleration?
A= (0 mi/hr-60 mi/hr)/ 3s
=
-20 mi/hr/s
5. If a car goes from 0-60 mph in 2.5 seconds, what is the car’s acceleration?
A= (60-0)/2.5
=
24 mi/hr/s
6. What is meant by the term inertia?
The tendency of an object to keep doing what it’s already doing (at rest or in motion)
7. Why does a semi truck have more inertia than a Volkswagen beetle?
More mass means more inertia
8. In order to move an object, what must you do?
Exert a force on it
9. What is a force? Give an example of a force.
Push or a pull. Gravity, tension, normal etc.
10. Draw a force (free body) diagram for the following:
a. A book sitting on a table
b. An apple falling from a tree
c.
A box sitting on a table being pushed with a force of 10 N against a frictional force of 2 N
11. What is meant by the term equilibrium and what can an object in equilibrium be doing (2 things)?
Equilibrium is when the net force is 0. The object can be at rest or moving at a constant velocity
12. If an object has a net force other than zero, what is happening to the object?
Accelerating
13. Is a car moving around a circular track going at a constant speed? Why or why not?
Yes, even though the direction is changing, speed does NOT depend on direction
14. Explain how forces relate to the following situations: acceleration, constant speed, deceleration,
motionless.
Acceleration/deceleration: Net force not equal to zero
Constant speed and motionless: net force = 0
15. What is the relationship between force and acceleration (assume that mass remains the same)? Give an
example.
Directly proportional. Push a grocery cart harder, it accelerates more
16. What is the relationship between mass and acceleration (assume that force remains the same)? Give an
example.
Inversely proportional. The grocery cart gets filled with things, it doesn’t accelerate as much with the same
push.
17. What is Newton’s second law?
A = F/m
or F = m*A
18. What are the standard units of mass, force, and acceleration?
M: kg
F: N
A: m/s/s
19. What is the difference between mass and weight? Explain what the term losing “weight” really means.
Mass is amount of matter in an object, weight is the pull of gravity on an object. Losing weight means earth is
pulling you down less.
20. If a 2 kg mass is pushed with a force of 8 N to the right against a 4N force of friction, what is the
acceleration of the mass (hint: figure out the net force first)?
Net force: 4 N to the right
A= F/m
4N/2kg=
2 m/s/s
21. If a car has an acceleration of 30 m/sec/sec and has a mass of 200 kg, what is the force acting on the car?
F=m*a
= 200* 30
= 6000N
Chapter #4:
Define and understand the following terms:
Force pair
interaction
3rd Law
1. What is Newton’s 3rd law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
2. Explain how an interaction works when you push on a wall with a force of 5 N.
The wall pushes you back with a force of 5 N
3. If the force of a bat against the ball is the action force, what is the reaction and why?
Ball against the bat
1. If the ball pushing on the air is the action force, what is the reaction?
Air pushing on the ball
2. Which experiences the greater force, a bug or the windshield it hits?? Why?
Same force because of Newton’s 3rd Law.
3. Why does a cannon not travel as far as the cannonball fired from it?
Cannon has a greater mass so the acceleration is less.
Chapter #7:
Define and understand the following terms:
Law of universal gravitation
inverse square law
gravity
1. What happens to the force of attraction between two objects if the distance between them is decreased?
Increases
2. What happens to the force of attraction between two objects if the mass of one object is decreased?
Decreases
3. Which has more effect on the tides of the Earth, the sun or the moon? Why?
Moon because it is much closer to the Earth.
4. Can you ever escape the attraction you have with the Earth?
No, there is always an attraction no matter how far apart two objects are.
5. Explain why there will always be a force of attraction between two objects.
Cannot make the formula F~ m1*m2/d^2 to equal 0
Chapter #8:
Define and understand the following terms:
Ellipse
escape speed
Projectile
satellite
parabola
1. What is the weight of a 50 kg object on Earth (g = 10 m/sec/sec)?
Weight= m*g = 50kg * 10 m/s/s = 500 N
2. When an object falls, what forces are acting on the object?
Gravity down and air resistance up
3. What is the term terminal velocity mean and how do you reach it?
See question 1 from chapter 3.
4. If a baseball is dropped from a height of 10 meters, how far has it fallen after 5 seconds and how fast is
the ball traveling?
Omit this question-this was removed from the exam