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Transcript
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: ___________ AP Environmental Science Ecology Unit Review 1. 2. Identify the following community components as (a) abiotic or (b) biotic. ______ plants ______ animals ______ temperature ______ microbes ______ rainfall ______ wind A group of bullfrogs (Rana catesbiana) in the same farm pond constitutes a ____________________________. 3. The major ecosystem in the Midwest US is ____________________________. 4. The major ecosystem of the southwest US is _________________________. 5. Give two examples of freshwater aquatic systems: ________________________ & _____________________________. 6. In photosynthesis, plants use ____________________ energy to convert _____________ gas and ________________ into _________________ + _______________________. 7. Organisms that can produce all their own organic materials from inorganic raw materials in the environment are called (autotrophs, heterotrophs). Give an example: __________________. 8. Organisms that must consume organic materials as a source of nutrients and energy are called (autotrophs, heterotrophs). Give an example: __________________________. 9. List three organisms that could be classified as consumers: _________________________, ________________________, and __________________________. 10. Indicate whether the following list of animals would be predator (PR) or prey (PY) in a predator/prey relationship. ______ wolf ______ coyote ______ quail ______ bear ______ deer ______ salmon 11. All dead organic matter (dead leaves, twigs, bodies of animals, fecal matter) is called _________________________, and is consumed by ______________________. 12. In an ecosystem, the biomass of the herbivores is always (greater, less) than the biomass of the producers, and the biomass of the carnivores is always (greater, less) than the biomass of the herbivores. Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: ___________ AP Environmental Science 13. Construct a food chain using a grassland community that consists of: big bluestem grass, grasshoppers, frogs, snakes, and owls. Then draw an energy pyramid. 14. Indicate whether the following categories of organisms occupy the (a) first, (b) second, (c) third, or (d) have more then one trophic level. ______ producer ______ decomposer ______ prey ______ consumer ______ herbivore ______ omnivore ______ carnivore ______ predator ______ autotroph ______ heterotroph 15. Describe an example of mutualism: ____________________________________________________________________. 16. Where an organism lives is called its ____________________. How an organism lives is called _________________________. 17. How do scientists determine the age of a fossil? _____________________ 18. The definition of climate involves both ___________________ & ___________________. 19. Name two ways humans affect the Nitrogen Cycle: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: ___________ AP Environmental Science 20. What biome would have permafrost? _____________________________ 21. What three conditions are necessary for biological evolution? 22. Imagine a typical food chain. Answer the series of questions below the illustration by choosing level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or all. At which level: ______ is the most transferable energy available ______ would one find the least biomass ______ is a primary consumer located ______ is a producer located ______ could a white-tailed deer be a representative ______ is sunlight the original source of energy 23. In what order (1-4) would the following plant community appear during primary succession? ______ trees ______ mosses ______ shrubs ______ larger plants 24. A variety of beak variations amongst different bird species can be explained by _________________________________. 25. How does the 2nd law of Thermodynamics support the “loss” of energy as trophic levels are increased? _____________________________________________________________________ 26. How can genetic engineering help the future of our natural world? 27. Which of the following has caused the greatest number of species extinction? a. Habitat destruction b. Overhunting c. Pollution d. Competition by exotic species Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: ___________ AP Environmental Science 28. The number of different species an ecosystem has is called its: a. Species diversity b. Species richness c. Species evenness 29. Which of the following concepts includes all of the rest? a. Population b. Habitat c. Community d. Ecosystem e. Species 30. Which of the following biomes has the highest gross primary productivity? a. Arctic tundra b. Coniferous forest c. Grassland d. Tropical rainforest e. Desert 31. Which is likely to have the highest biodiversity? a. Terrestrial biome b. Marine biome c. Shoreline biome 32. Which cycle does not directly involve the atmosphere? a. Hydrologic cycle b. Nitrogen cycle c. Carbon cycle d. Phosphorus cycle e. None of these 33. Spotted owl is to specialist as human is to _________. a. Consumer b. Evolution c. Generalist d. R-strategist e. Decomposer Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________ Hour: ___________ AP Environmental Science 34. Which of these describes the current rate of extinction? a. Current rates of extinction are slightly greater than rates in the past b. Current rates of extinction are much greater than rates in the past c. Current rates of extinction are not significantly different than past extinction rates 35. A patch of weeds growing on soil in early summer may be exhibiting: a. Interspecific competition b. Predation c. Mutualism d. Parasitism 36. Which of the following is NOT usually a trait of a complex ecosystem? a. Resilience b. Stability c. High biodiversity d. High rate of succession 37. Species that help determine the number and types of other species in the community are called: a. b. c. d. e. Indicator species Native species Non-native species Keystone species Endemic species 38. Which of these describes giraffes? a. CO2 + H2O + energy C6H12O6 + O2 b. C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy 39. What is the “energy” of the giraffes in your answer to the previous question? a. Sunlight b. Glucose c. ATP 40. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a climax community? a. Have maximum species diversity b. Have different dominant plants forms c. Are self-perpetuating d. Will maintain themselves regardless of climactic, abiotic, or biotic changes