Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Geomagnetic storm wikipedia , lookup
Planet Nine wikipedia , lookup
Sample-return mission wikipedia , lookup
Earth's rotation wikipedia , lookup
Heliosphere wikipedia , lookup
Planets beyond Neptune wikipedia , lookup
Dwarf planet wikipedia , lookup
Space: 1889 wikipedia , lookup
Planets in astrology wikipedia , lookup
Definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Standard #: SC.8.E.5.7 This document was generated on CPALMS - www.cpalms.org Compare and contrast the properties of objects in the Solar System including the Sun, planets, and moons to those of Earth, such as gravitational force, distance from the Sun, speed, movement, temperature, and atmospheric conditions. Subject Area: Science Grade: 8 Body of Knowledge: Earth and Space Science Big Idea: Earth in Space and Time - The origin and eventual fate of the Universe still remains one of the greatest questions in science. Gravity and energy influence the formation of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy, stars, the planetary systems, and Earth. Humankind’s need to explore continues to lead to the development of knowledge and understanding of the nature of the Universe. Date Adopted or Revised: 02/08 Content Complexity Rating: Level 2: Basic Application of Skills & Concepts - More Information Date of Last Rating: 05/08 Status: State Board Approved Assessed: Yes TEST ITEM SPECIFICATIONS Reporting Category: Earth and Space Science Item Type(s): This benchmark will be assessed using: MC item(s) Also Assesses SC.8.E.5.4 Explore the Law of Universal Gravitation by explaining the role that gravity plays in the formation of planets, stars, and solar systems and in determining their motions. SC.8.E.5.8 Compare various historical models of the Solar System, including geocentric and heliocentric. Clarification : Students will compare and/or contrast the characteristics of objects in the Solar System. Students will identify and/or explain the role that gravity plays in the formation and motion of planets, stars, and solar systems. Students will compare and/or contrast various historical models of the Solar System. Content Limits : Items will not require the use of the formula for the Law of Universal Gravitation or the gravitational constant. Items may assess the presence, absence, and/or relative thickness of planetary atmospheres, but not the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Items may assess the relationship between distance from the Sun and the length of year and/or the relationship between distance from the Sun and average surface temperature. Items will not require memorization of quantitative astronomical data. Items may refer to but will not assess the relative size of the Sun. Items will not assess the relative distance of objects in our solar system from the Sun. Items will not assess the change in velocity dependent upon distance from the Sun for a single planet. Items will not assess characteristics of the Sun in isolation. Items may assess the concept of eccentricity of orbital paths of astronomical bodies in terms of the differing shapes of orbits, but not specific values of eccentricity or the term eccentricity. Items may assess the general properties of specific planets, but will not assess characteristics of inner and outer planets as groups. Stimulus Attributes : Distances will be given in units of astronomical units (AU) or light-years. Response Attributes : Distances will be given in units of astronomical units (AU) or light-years. Prior Knowledge : Items may require the student to apply science knowledge described in the NGSSS from lower grades. This benchmark requires prerequisite knowledge from SC.3.E.5.4, SC.5.E.5.2, and SC.5.E.5.3. SAMPLE TEST ITEMS (1) Test Item # Sample Item 1 Question Difficulty Type The surface of Mercury has many more craters than the N/A surface of Earth has. Which of the following statements best explains why Mercury has many more craters than Earth has? MC: Multiple Choice Related Courses Course Number 7820017: 2002085: 7920035: 2001025: 2002100: 2002110: 2001010: 2001020: Course Title Access M/J Comprehensive Science 3 (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) M/J Comprehensive Science 2 Accelerated Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) Fundamental Integrated Science 2 (Specifically in versions: 2013 - 2015, 2015 - 2017 (course terminated)) M/J STEM Astronomy and Space Science (Specifically in versions: 2015 and beyond (current)) M/J Comprehensive Science 3 (Specifically in versions: 2014 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) M/J Comprehensive Science 3, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) M/J Earth/Space Science (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) M/J Earth/Space Science, Advanced (Specifically in versions: 2014 - 2015, 2015 and beyond (current)) Related Access Points Independent Access Point Number SC.8.E.5.In.7 Access Point Title Compare conditions on other planets in the Solar System to those on Earth, such as gravity, temperature, and atmosphere. Supported Access Point Number Access Point Title SC.8.E.5.Su.6 Recognize that conditions on other planets in the Solar System are different than those on Earth. Participatory Access Point Number SC.8.E.5.Pa.2 Access Point Title Recognize the Sun and stars as objects in space. Related Resources Text Resource Name A Close Call A Creative Collision Amazing Moons Failed "Star" Found in Sun's Backyard Description This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. On November 8, 2011, an asteroid flew by Earth at a distance closer to us than our moon. Scientists have known about the close call for years and were excited about the opportunity to view an asteroid and look for chemical evidence of the young solar system. Scientists are still watching tens of thousands of asteroids that potentially threaten Earth, and contingency plans exist should one of them threaten us. This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. The theory that a planet, Theia, collided with the Earth billions of years ago to form our moon has been around for years, but not much evidence has supported it until now. Recently, scientists found isotopes of oxygen in moon rocks that are consistent with both the moon and a non-Earth planet…Theia? In addition, the rocks contain rare elements not found on Earth, which supports the collision theory. This informational text resource is designed to support reading in the content area. This article from NASA addresses how our solar system’s moons may be a more interesting study than some of the planets because they show a possibility of harboring life due to their composition, atmospheres and presence of water. This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. A brown dwarf, which is essentially a failed star, has been discovered close to our solar system. The brown dwarf is the coldest and one of the smallest yet discovered. Telescopic images and data helped scientists to find and characterize the failed star. This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. Most studies of Jupiter's Great Red Spot (a storm) predict that it should have disappeared long ago, and so Jupiter's Long- Lasting Storm its continued existence puzzles scientists. A new study that considers the vertical winds within the storm is able to explain why the spot has existed for over 200 years, and could even continue for hundreds of years longer. This website provides an overview of objects in the solar system. The user can click on different links to learn about The Solar System objects such as the inner and outer planets and minor bodies. It also includes a link to explorations and activities. This is the online version of the printed "StarDate: the solar system" guide. This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. The text explains why the planet Mercury Tiny Planet Mercury Shrinks has actually been shrinking in diameter, as well as how Further scientists have proved it through observation. The article details their observations and then compares Mercury to Earth to show why our planet is not shrinking as well. This informational text resource is intended to support reading When is a Comet Not a in the content area. The discovery of a comet-like asteroid Comet? baffles scientists and poses questions about its formation, makeup, and changing appearance. This Frequently Asked Question page can be used by educators and students as a scientific resource to answer the question, Why Isn't Pluto A Planet? "Why isn't Pluto a planet?". From the International Astronomical Union, the definitive answer from the governing body that classified Pluto as a dwarf planet. Video/Audio/Animation Name AtmosModeler Simulator Description Illustrate the change in temperature and pressure of the atmosphere with altitude Show the difference in temperature and pressure of the Earth's atmosphere versus the Martian atmosphere for the same altitude Distances Between the Planets This animation simulates a voyage from the sun past all nine Animation planets. For convenience, the planets are lined up in the same Jupiter: Earth's Shield Science Crossword Puzzles Space School Musical What is a Planet? direction. The animation shows each planet's average distance from the sun. More than 155 planets have been found outside of our solar system since the first extra-solar planet was identified in 1995. The search has long been heavily biased towards finding massive planets with short orbits. Now, to find an Earth-like planet, scientists are looking for a planetary setup that is similar to our own, in which a Jupiter-like planet lies a good distance away from its sun. This video segment adapted from NOVA explores how the arrangement of planets in our solar system may have affected the development of life on Earth. A collection of crossword puzzles that test the knowledge of students about some of the terms, processes, and classifications covered in science topics Join teenager Hannah on a trip through the solar system in this "hip-hopera" that uses song and dance to introduce the planets, moons, asteroids and more. Download the lyrics for students to learn and perform or just play the videos in class. This video provides a historical background about the definition of a planet and how different objects discovered in space were classified as planets or fir into a different category Lesson Plan Name Description In this interdisciplinary lesson, students will explore data collection by using a catapult to launch projectiles and perform Catapulting Data Grade 8 statistical analysis of the data. Students will create scatterplots for analysis that will help demonstrate the scientific concept of density and its impact on the characteristics of objects. Students listen to a video that describes Kepler's determination that planetary orbits are elliptical and then will use data for the Discovering Kepler's Law for solar distance and periods of several of the planets in the solar the Periods of Planets system, then investigate several hypotheses to determine which is supported by the data. This lesson allows students to model and compare the distance Lesson 2 Voyage of of planets from the Sun, as well as, compare the relative sizes of Discovery the planets using everyday items. Using a pinhole viewer students will look at a reflected image of the Sun to calculate how far the Sun is from Earth. This activity would be used for enrichment or for advanced students. This Lesson 3 How Far is Far? lesson requires pre-planning for the teacher to practice making and using the viewers. Simple math calculations are required by the students to complete the assignment. This lesson incorporates Florida Standard elements while teaching the characteristics of Venus and the importance of the Sun to our existence. In this lesson, students will analyze an informational text that explains the importance of examining moons in our solar system for signs of life. The text provides evidence on several moons of Saturn and Jupiter and explains how these moons might be good Moons: Searching for Signs of candidates for potentially harboring life, in part due to the Life on 'Water Worlds' presence of water. This lesson is designed to support reading in the content area. The lesson plan includes a graphic organizer, text-dependent questions, a writing prompt, answer keys, and a writing rubric. Numerous options to extend the lesson are also included. In this lesson, students will: Margot's Venus Planetary Temperature Explore the effect of light and heat as the distance increases from the source. Model the effect the sun has on the temperature of the planets based on their distances. Explore the impact that a model greenhouse atmosphere will have on the simulated inner three planets. In this lesson, students will: Planetary Thermometers Quest For Life: Space Exploration Model the effect the sun has on the temperature of the planets based on their distances. Use data to explore the effect of light and heat as the distance increases from the source Use data to explore the impact that a model greenhouse atmosphere will have on the simulated inner three planets. Use data to explore linear and/or nonlinear models based on the temperatures of planets relative to their distance from the Sun and their atmospheric conditions. Relate slope of lines within the context to model the concept of temperature equilibrium. This lesson should be completed with the MyStemKits.com Planetary Temperatures Kit. Students must decide the destination of a multi-billion dollar space flight to an unexplored world. The location must be selected based on its potential for valuable research opportunities. Some locations may have life, while others could hold the answers to global warming or our energy crisis. Students must choose the destination that they feel will be most helpful to human-kind. Students will act as mathematicians and scientists as they use models, observations and space science concepts to perform calculations and draw inferences regarding a fictional solar Scientific calculations from a system with three planets in circular orbits around a sun. Among distant planet the calculations are estimates of the size of the home planet (using a method more than 2000 years old) and the relative distances of the planets from their sun. Students rank locations that NASA should search within our solar system for life. Students begin by reading about the origins of life on Earth and locations within our solar system with the potential for life. After students create a ranked list, they must Search for Extraterrestrial Life report their findings to NASA in the form of a letter that also includes the procedure used in ranking their choices. A second request is sent from NASA to include distance from Earth as a factor in the ranking of locations and students must return a letter with their revised rankings and the new procedure used. In this POE-based lesson, students will explore the relationships What's Up With Venus? between several variables for the inner-terrestrial planets in our solar system. Virtual Manipulative Name Description In this simulation, students will learn the orbits of the Earth and Gravity and Orbits Simulation moon as well as gravitational forces. This is a good illustration of the gravitational pull causing tides. This virtual manipulative allows users to see the revolutions of Mars Earth Orbit - Actual Earth and Mars relative to the sun. Users can track the distance between both, and put each or both in orbit. This resource provides an interactive tool for the exploration of the solar system. To navigate the interactive solar system move the mouse to hover the target over different objects, to learn Solar System Exploration more about each click to access images, information about scientists, homework help, articles, news, missions, time lines, and important facts. Using this online calculator, students enter their weight on Your Weight on Other Worlds Earth. Their "weight" on other planets is calculated. Unit/Lesson Sequence Name Description Lesson 1 Our Solar System This complete lesson culminates by having the students create a solar system catalog. It goes beyond the typical solar system brochure to include other components of our solar system. Teaching Idea Name Phoenix Mars Lander Description A lesson from Nova/PBS that describes the landing of the Phoenix Mars Lander, its purpose, function, and initial findings. The lesson plan provides two ways for students to investigate how the lander would collect data from the surface and the benefits and limitations of different types of space probes to do before watching the video. It provides a 12 minute video to show the Phoenix Mars Lander. Lesson also provides ideas for what students can do after they view the video. Extensions to lesson include pictures of surface of Mars, interview with a scientist and a commentary from Neil deGrasse Tyson. Tutorial Name Description This website contains numerous interesting facts, images and Properties of the Solar System activities intended to support greater understanding of properties of our solar system. Perspectives Video: Teaching Idea Name Solar System Distances Description Does the concept of relative distance register with you? Try this solar system activity. Student Resources Name Description This animation simulates a voyage from the sun past all nine planets. Distances Between the For convenience, the planets are lined up in the same direction. The Planets Animation animation shows each planet's average distance from the sun. More than 155 planets have been found outside of our solar system since the first extra-solar planet was identified in 1995. The search has Jupiter: Earth's Shield long been heavily biased towards finding massive planets with short orbits. Now, to find an Earth-like planet, scientists are looking for a planetary setup that is similar to our own, in which a Jupiter-like planet lies a good distance away from its sun. This video segment adapted from NOVA explores how the arrangement of planets in our solar system may have affected the development of life on Earth. This virtual manipulative allows users to see the revolutions of Earth Mars Earth Orbit and Mars relative to the sun. Users can track the distance between both, Actual and put each or both in orbit. This website contains numerous interesting facts, images and activities Properties of the Solar intended to support greater understanding of properties of our solar System system. A collection of crossword puzzles that test the knowledge of students Science Crossword about some of the terms, processes, and classifications covered in Puzzles science topics This resource provides an interactive tool for the exploration of the solar system. To navigate the interactive solar system move the mouse Solar System to hover the target over different objects, to learn more about each click Exploration to access images, information about scientists, homework help, articles, news, missions, time lines, and important facts. Join teenager Hannah on a trip through the solar system in this "hiphopera" that uses song and dance to introduce the planets, moons, Space School Musical asteroids and more. Download the lyrics for students to learn and perform or just play the videos in class. This video provides a historical background about the definition of a What is a Planet? planet and how different objects discovered in space were classified as planets or fir into a different category This Frequently Asked Question page can be used by educators and Why Isn't Pluto A students as a scientific resource to answer the question, "Why isn't Pluto Planet? a planet?". From the International Astronomical Union, the definitive answer from the governing body that classified Pluto as a dwarf planet. Parent Resources Name Solar System Distances Description Does the concept of relative distance register with you? Try this solar system activity.