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Name_____________________________________________Date______________Period________ UNIT 1: Atomic Theory Part I – Atomic Structure I. Early Atomic Theory□Democritus (400 B.C.)- suggested that the world was made of two things: -empty space and -tiny, indivisible particles called ‘____________’. □Dalton (early 1800s)- using the experimental observations of others, including Lavoisier and Proust, he proposed□Dalton’s Atomic Theory1. All elements are composed of _________ particles called atoms. *2. Atoms of the same element are ____________. The atoms of any one element are different from those of another element. * ____________ of an element are not identical. *3. Atoms cannot be _____________, created, or destroyed. * Atoms are divisible by a ___________ change. 4. Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in simple, whole number ratios to form ______________. 5. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are _____________,_____________, or __________. HOWEVER, atoms of one element are ______ changed into atoms of another by a chemical reaction. II. Early Research on Atomic Particles□______________ (1897)- used a cathode ray tube to prove the existence of _____________ charged subatomic particles called _____________. See Figure 3-4, page 70. □_________________ (1909)- his‘Oil Drop Experiment’ used a device to prove that the charge of an electron is (____). □_________________ (1913)- his ‘Gold Foil Experiment’ used a device to prove that the atom is made up mostly of _________ __________with a small, dense, ______________ charged nucleus. See Figure 3-6, page 72. 1 Name_____________________________________________Date______________Period________ □________________ - used a modified cathode ray tube to prove the existence of a positively charged subatomic particle called a __________. It has equal but _________ charge to the electron (_____) and a mass _________ times heavier than an electron. □________________ (1932)- used a device to prove that the nucleus contained ___________ particles of the same mass as the proton called ____________. III. Isotopes and Atomic Number□_____________Number- is the number of ___________ in an atom. This number is unique for that element and the atomic number thus identifies the element. Since atoms are electrically neutral, THE NUMBER OF PROTONS _________ THE NUMBER OF _________. Example- The atomic number of oxygen is 8. All oxygen atoms have 8 protons in the nucleus. □______________- are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of __________ in the nucleus. _______________ of the same element have the same chemical properties. THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS DETERMINES THE PARTICULAR ______________ OF THE ELEMENT. □_________ Number- is the total number of ___________ and ___________ in an atom. Mass Number = protons + neutrons Neutrons = Mass Number – protons Practice Problem: 1. How many protons, neutrons and electrons in Oxygen-16 2. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in Oxygen-17 2