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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Date 1-4 5 T.O.C. Space School Solar System The Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune The Moon Moon Phases Strange Things Milky Way Galaxy Eclipses Parallax Tides 11/11/14 11/11/14 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15-16 17 18 11/12/14 11/13/14 11/14/14 11/17/14 11/20/14 11/24/14 11/25/14 12/03/14 12/05/14 12/08/14 12/11/14 12/12/14 12/16/14 01/07/15 01/12/15 01/14/15 SPACE SCHOOL SOLAR SYSTEM (page 5 11•11•14) 1. There are inner and outer regions to our solar system. 2. Pluto is now a dwarf planet because it doesn’t have a clear orbital neighborhood around itself. 3. The Heliosphere is an immense magnetic bubble which surrounds our solar system. 4. The Kuiper Belt is home to the majority of our comets. 5. There are about 3,350 known comets in our solar system. THE SUN (page 6 11•12•14) 1. The temperature of the Sun’s surface is 9,9000F and the core is 127,000,000 0 Fahrenheit (water boils at 2120F). 2. The Sun creates heat and energy by combining Hydrogen and making Helium. This is called Nuclear Fusion. 3. The Sun makes up 99% of all the mass in our Solar System. MERCURY (page 6 11•13•14) 1. Mercury is the smallest planet in our Solar System barely larger than Earth’s Moon. 2. Mercury’s temperatures ranges from -3000 F to 8000 F because there is no atmosphere due to the weak gravity. 3. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun but not the hottest! Venus (page 7 11•14•14) 1. There are over 100,000 volcanoes on Venus. 2. Venus is the brightest object in the sky besides the Sun and the Moon. 3. Mt. Mott is a volcano that is five miles high. It is one mile taller than any volcano on Earth. Earth (page 7 11•17•14) 1. Earth is the only known planet that is able to sustain life, because it has an atmosphere and oxygen. 2. Earth has been around for 4.6 billion years. The planet was formed from left over parts from the newborn Sun. 3. Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system. In the center of the Earth, it has an iron core. Mars (page 8 11•20•14) 1. Mars has the largest volcano in the entire Solar System called Olympus Mons. 340 miles wide and 16.7 miles high!! 2. Mars is also home to the largest canyon in the Solar System, more than 10x larger than our Grand Canyon! 3. In Mars temperatures reach a comfy 600 F in the summer but in the winter it is a nasty 2230 F below zero! Brrrrrr 4. A telescope glitch led people to believe there were straight canals dug on Mars, leading to the fantasy of Martians (aliens). Jupiter (page 9 11•24•14) 1. Jupiter has the fastest rotation, out of all the planets, turning once on its axis, in less than 10 hours. 2. Jupiter, even though it is huge, needs to be 80x more massive to turn into a star! 3. Jupiter has a large, permanent storm, called The Great Red Spot which changes from Earth size to 3x larger than Earth. 4. Jupiter has approximately 63 moons-Ganymede is slightly larger than Mercury! 5. Jupiter is over 400 million miles away but its gravity protects us, here on Earth, from being struck by asteroids! Saturn (pg 10 11•25•14) 1. Titan, one of Saturn’s moons, has liquid oceans and seas of Methane. This makes it the only other place in our Solar System to have surface fluid. 2. Saturn takes 29.5 Earth years to complete one trip around the Sun! 3. Saturn’s rings are made up of rock and ice particles perhaps from an old moon that broke apart. Three of the rings are visible from Earth with binoculars! Uranus (pg 11 12•3•14) 1. Uranus appears to be blue because of Methane in the atmosphere. 2. It is 4 times larger than our Earth. 3. Trillions of diamonds are believed to be in the core of Uranus due to the intense pressure. 4. The planet rotates like it is rolling so the equator is actually North and South perpendicular from ours! Neptune pg11 12•5•14 1. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and could hold 60 Earth’s if it was hollow. 2. Neptune’s winds are the fastest in the Solar System, nearly reaching Mach 2!!!!! 3. Neptune was named after the Roman God of the Sea. (Greek is Poseidon) The Moon pg12 12•8•14 1. The Moon was maybe created from a collision with a large space object…it is called the Big Whack Theory. 2. It is moving away from the Earth at a rate of 1½ inches per year. 3. There are flat lands like seas called Marias. Moon Phases pg 12 12•11•14 Strange Things in Space pg13 12•12•14 1. Our Sun can never become a black hole. It is too small and does not have enough gravity. 2. A black hole’s gravity is so strong that even light can’t escape!! 3. Black holes form when a large star uses up all of its hydrogen fuel and collapses in on itself. 4. Wormholes could allow humans to travel through space quickly….if they exist! Milky Way Galaxy pg 14 12•16•14 1. Light travels 5,878,499,812,499 miles in one year!! 2. All objects in the Milky Way Galaxy orbit a gigantic black hole that has a mass equal to 2,000,000 of our Suns! 3. The Milky Way Galaxy is slowly consuming a smaller, neighboring galaxy called Sagittarius Dwarf. Eclipses pg 14-15 1•7•15 1. There are two kinds of eclipses: Solar and Lunar 2. A solar eclipse is when the Sun is blocked by the moon and a lunar eclipse is when the moon goes into Earth’s shadow. 3. Each eclipse can be total or partial. 4. A shadow has two parts: the dark part is the umbra and the lighter part is the penumbra. 5. A total eclipse is only when the umbra is involved and a partial involves only the penumbra. Parallax pg 17 01•12•15 1. Parallax is when an object appears to change its position based upon your viewing angle. 2. Objects closer to us appear to move more than objects farther away. 3. Our eyes use parallax to give us depth perception. Tides pg 18 01•14•15 1. Earth’s surface water rises and falls each day because of the Moon’s (& partly the Sun’s) gravitational pull. 2. The Moon is closer than the Sun so its gravity feels stronger. 3. Each day there are two High and Low Tides on Earth. 4. When the Moon and Sun are in a line (New or Full Moon Phase) there is a super strong tide called a Spring Tide. 5. When the Moon and Sun are 900 from each other (First or Last Quarter) the tides are weakest called a Neap Tide.