* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download BIOLOGY EOC PRACTICE TEST _1[1]
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
BIOLOGY EOC PRACTICE TEST #1 I, _____________________________________________, CAN and WILL score a 3 or 4 on the Biology EOC! Directions: Answer each of the multiple choice problems. Do not write on test. Underline key information in each question. Take time with each problem. Do not go too fast. Take this practice seriously, it will help you pinpoint the areas you need to study. Good Luck! 1. Which of the following contain cell walls and chloroplasts? A plant cells only B plant and animal cells because they are eukaryotes C animal and prokaryotic cells D prokaryotic cells only 2. Most cell membranes are composed principally of A DNA and ATP B proteins and lipids C chitin and starch D nucleotides and amino acids 3. Sodium ions are “pumped” from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of A diffusion B passive transport C osmosis D active transport 4. What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration? A to use sunlight to produce food molecules B to release energy from food molecules C to remove carbon dioxide from an organism D to bring oxygen to an organism 5. Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis? A carbon dioxide B glucose C oxygen D water 6. Which molecule carry genetic information from one generation to the next? A carbohydrates B minerals C lipids D nucleic acids 7. Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA? A a molecule shaped like a twisted ladder B a molecule shaped like a twisted ladder with hydrogen bonds along its backbones and covalent bonds between the base pairs on the “rungs” C a molecule shaped as a single twisted strand D a molecule shaped as a twisted ladder with covalent bonds along its backbones and hydrogen bonds between the base pairs on the “rungs” 8. For what reason is DNA replicated within a cell? A to add more traits to a living organism as it ages B to fill increased space within the nucleus of a growing cell C to change the traits of a living organism to meets its needs in a new environment D to provide new cells with a complete and identical copy of genetic material 9. A horse zygote has 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does the horse zygote receive from its mother? A 64 B 21 C 32 D 128 10. Clown fish have more genetic variation than flatworms. What accounts for this difference? A fish reproduce sexually and flatworms reproduce asexually B fish reproduce asexually and flatworms reproduce sexually C fish live in the water and flatworms do not D fish cells do not go through mitosis 11. Scientists have completed the main phase of the Human Genome Project. What have they accomplished with this project? A They created a single pedigree for every genetic disorder B They used a single cell from one organism to create an identical organism C They created DNA synthetically in a laboratory D They identified the sequences of base pairs in human DNA 12. Transcription of the DNA sequence below: AAGCTGGGA would most directly result in which of the following: A a sequence of three amino acids, linked by peptide bonds B a DNA strand with the base sequence TTCGACCCT C a mRNA strand with the sequence TTCTGACCCT D a mRNA strand with the sequence UUCGACCCU 13. What is true about any two normal gametes from a human male parent? A Each has a diploid number of chromosomes. B They can combine to form a new organism. C Their chromosomes are exactly the same. D They have the same number of chromosomes. 14. Albinism is a genetic mutation that results in some animals being born without the enzyme that produces the pigment for skin and eye color. Which of the following best explains this mutation? A The DNA failed to replicate. B The deoxyribose sugar become separated from the DNA. C The genetic code change cause the wrong protein to form. D The RNA necessary to produce proteins was not present. 15. A student has cystic fibrosis, a genetic condition caused by the presence of a homozygous recessive gene. What could be her parent’s genotypes for the cystic fibrosis trait? A Her father is homozygous dominant; her mother is homozygous recessive. B Her father is heterozygous; her mother is homozygous dominant. C Her father is homozygous dominant; her mother is homozygous dominant. D Her father is heterozygous; her mother is homozygous recessive. 16. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis? A endoplasmic reticulum B ribosome C nucleus D mitochondria 17. Red-green colorblindness is sex-linked recessive trait in humans. A color-blind woman and a man with normal vision have a son. What are the chances that the son is colorblind? If the parents ever have a daughter, what is the chance that she will be color-blind? A 100%, 0% B 50%, 0% C 100%, 100% D 50%, 100% 18. Karyotype analysis is A a means of detecting and reducing agents that cause mutations. B a surgical technique that separates chromosomes that have failed to move properly during meiosis II. C used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations or abnormalities in embryos. D a process that substitutes normal alleles for defective ones. 19. ________________________________ carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino acids are linked into the primary structure of a polypeptide. A mRNA B tRNA C intron D rRNA 20. The snowshoe rabbit has white fur in winter and dark fur in summer. What is the main advantage of this fur change to the rabbit? A The dark fur keeps the rabbit from getting sunburned in summer. B The white fur absorbs more sunlight so the rabbit is warmer is winter. C The fur color makes the animal blend better with its environment so that a predator is not as likely to see it. D The white fur is more valuable to fur trappers, so the animal will be trapped and better fed in winter. 21. Which could be considered biochemical evidence of an evolutionary relationship? A absence of vestigial structures B presence of embryonic gill slits C similar anatomical structures D presence of identical proteins 22. Deer share the open plains with other grazing animals and predators. Which of the following would lead to a decrease in the deer population? A a reduction in the predator population B an increase in the number of other grazing animals C a reduction in the grazing animal population D an increase in restrictions on the hunting of deer 23. Which interaction best illustrates the concept of mutualism? A aphids feeding on rose leaves B nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes C infectious bacteria living on the blood of a host D wolves and arctic foxes feeding on snowshoe rabbits 24. Producers are single and multicellular organisms, such as algae and flowering plants, that make their own food. How do these organisms produce their own food? A They fix nitrogen from the atmosphere B They consume other producers C They exchange RNA with other organisms D They convert sunlight into chemical energy 25. In general, which trophic level has the most energy available to it? A producer B primary consumer C secondary consumer D tertiary consumer 26. Which statement describes why pesticides are said to “move up the food chain?” A Pesticides have a greater effect on larger animals than on insects. B Top predators often accumulate the pesticides contained in the bodies of their prey. C Birds and predatory mammals are not affected by pesticides. D Pesticides kill insects and other target pests before they can absorb the poison. 27. Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic respiration? A Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation. B Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. C Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen. D Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide. 28. Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR = white and R1R1 = red, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the offspring of two pink flowers? A 1 red: 2 pink: 1 white B 0 red: 4 pink: 0 white C 3 red: 0 pink: 1 white D 4 red: 0 pink: 0 white 29. What is the difference between glucose and glycogen? A Glucose is a carbohydrate and gylcogen is found in lipids B Glucose is a simple carbohydrate and glycogen is a complex carbohydrate C Glucose provides long term energy while glycogen provides quick energy. D Only glycogen is produced during photosynthesis. 30. The chart below describes 4 compounds. What is another characteristic of the compounds in class B? Class of Compound A B C D Characteristic Has glycerol as a building block Contains both acid groups and amino groups. Formed from subunits containing a nitrogenous base, a phosphate, and ribose Includes sugars and starches A They are composed of basic subunits know as nucleotides. B Includes chemical compounds such as cellulose, glucose, and glycogen. C They transfer amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. D They include chemical compounds such as insulin and hemoglobin 31. Blue is dominant to green. Two heterozygous parents are crossed. What would be the ratio of blue to green offspring? A 2:1 B 1:2:1 C 3:1 D 1:3 32. Which of the following is a function of proteins? A storing energy B storing waste C growth and repair D breaking chemical bonds 33. The burning of fossil fuels is causing an increase in which of the following? A atmospheric oxygen B atmospheric nitrogen C atmospheric carbon dioxide D atmospheric phosphate 34. A student identifies an unknown cell as being eukaryotic. Which of the following did she most likely identify in order to draw this conclusion? A nucleus B cell wall C chloroplasts D cell membrane 35. What is an ecosystem composed of? A all the members of one species B the biotic and abiotic factors in an environment C all the members of a species living in the same area D the biotic factors in an environment