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Evolution & Diversity 1010C Section Two Make-Up Exam
Name ____________________________________________________________________
1.
What key feature differentiates Bacteria and Archaea from Eukaryotes? (2 pts)
2.
What is a biofilm and why are they important, in turn: commercially and medically? (4 pts)
3.
Bacteria and/or Archaea that occupy extreme habitats are known as extremophiles. Tell me what they are called in each of the extreme
environments we discussed, in turn: very low pH systems, very salty systems, very hot systems, and very cold systems. (4 pts)
4.
What is a plasmid? (2 pts)
5.
What is a ribosome? (2 pts)
6.
What is the cell wall in Bacteria and Archaea and what is the big difference between the cell walls of the two? (6 pts)
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7.
What are pili in Bacteria? (2 pts)
8.
What are Bacterial flagellum? (2 pts)
9.
What is a Bacterial glycocalyx (also called the capsule)? (2 pts)
10.
Why should you know about the genus Helicobacter? (2 pts)
11.
Tell me about the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in Bacteria. (6 pts)
12.
Differentiate between Bacteria and Archaea. (4 pts)
13.
What does the DNA of a typical Bacterial genome consist of — in what form does it occur, in how many pieces, etc? (4 pts)
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14.
Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory to me. This one is very important! (8 pts)
15.
Differentiate between traditional Bacterial and Archaeal taxonomy and the modern revision. What is each based on, what was the surprising
difference discovered using modern techniques, and who is Carl Woese? (6 pts)
16.
Tell me about Bacterial and Archaeal diversity — the amount of them in the world, what we know versus not, their metabolisms, etc. (6 pts)
17.
OK, what about the Bacteria and Archaea that inhabit other organisms — do they always cause disease, what do they do, etc? (6 pts)
18.
Discuss the taxonomy of Bacteria and Archaea according to molecular phylogenetic studies — are they clades, which is more closely related to
Eukaryotes, etc? (6 pts)
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19.
Where did the original source of the heat stable DNA polymerase (Taq) required for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) come from? (2 pts)
20.
What is methane gas and where does most of it come from? (4 pts)
21.
Tell me about hydrothermal vents — what do Bacteria and/or Archaea have to do with them, etc? (4 pts)
22.
Discuss the evolution of antibiotic resistance — why it occurs, how it can be slowed, what it means. (6 pts)
23.
Discuss how Bacteria and Archaea in the environment affect elemental biome cycles, including nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron, etc. (6 pts)
24.
What are probiotics ? (2 pts)
25.
Why don’t I like the word “prokaryote”? (2 pts)
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