Download Dear Menon I have used bold italics to express my agreement and

Dear Menon
I have used bold italics to express my agreement and underlying where I was
not certain about your statement and Q marks where I still have to go into more
details.
Respectfully
Dr. K Kehrer
THE UNIQUE SINGULAR PARTICLE AND PARTICLE WAVES (THE UNITRON – OR BOSON)
Let us for once assume that the fundamental unit of matter is Unitron or a Boson, which is an
energy condensate rotating in the Y-Axis while also spinning in the X-Axis in such a way that
when it completes one rotation, it completes half spin.
Now, this is a stationary particle. When this particle moves, IT CAN MOVE ONLY IN WAVE FORM. As
it is rotating and spinning, in whatever axis or plane it moves, the amplitude of movement increases
from Zero to the radius of the particle and back again to zero and then to minus radius and back to zero.
So these particles while moving in a straight line along the axis, it actually creates a wave of amplitude
which is equal to the radius of the particle and a wavelength which is equal to twice the diameter of the
particle. This particle travels by its own and does not need a medium. There will have to be a force to
give momentum to this particle to travel failing which it will keep rotating and spinning in the Axes.
The waves are formed only when the particles move. I don’t think that there are spherical waves moving
inward and outward infinitely. When I say this now, it is again part of human weakness of perception. It
is easy for us to view matter as having evolved from a particle. Philosophically, this is our mental limits
of understanding the TRUTH. The TRUTH may be different, but whether we are moving closer to it is
what matters.
Don’t we see dead stars as still alive because light from it did not reach us before these died? Light from
it took several years to reach us and it died before it reached us. What a pity! There are stars several
millions of light years away from us and light from it reaches us after several millions of years after it left
the stars. So what are we seeing about this universe? This is largely unreal. It is what the Hindus call
.
MAYA or illusion. This Universe is not that we see The seven colors of the sunlight we see as
white light. If we have a disc with the seven colors and rotate it at a certain RPM it will appear to us as
white. That is because we can keep an image in our eyes for 1/10th of a second. If the rotation is faster
we cannot recognize the individual colors. So to understand the universe, we have to think differently.
We derive equations to the PROBABILITY of finding a particle at some point but not for the exact
position of it. Some of these equations are good enough for the Hydrogen atom and won’t go even to
the Helium and forget about the whole periodic table. And these are full of differentiations,
integrations, quaternion algebra and what not! However, we cannot rubbish these. It has got practical
value because using these we are able to create new forms of matter. Mathematics is based on logic
and reason and this is scientific data. We have been able to create large amount of energy by using the
equation E=mc2. “ONE GRAM OF MATER, about 20 drops of water, if it were fully converted into
electrical energy, would be 25,000,000 kilowatt hours of electrical energy. That is enough energy to
power a 100 watt light bulb for 250,000,000 hours or 28,500 years.” So within the Universe this
equation holds good. But if we take the Universe, since the total Energy is constant,
the velocity of light becomes a variable. The equation may still be valid, because when
light slows down more and more energy will get converted to matter in geometric proportion.
In the equation, E=mc2, can we not consider the ‘c’ as velocity of gamma rays instead of light.
Numerically the value will not change much. That looks better for me as gamma rays are there even in
the black holes.
Now coming to the Red shift or Doppler Effect, some say that the Universe is expanding. The
Universe, by definition is everything that exists.
It cannot expand or contract. However
matter in it can expand or contract and this can cause the Red shift. If we believe in the Big Bang, I
would say that matter in the Universe was thrown away by the explosion when the matter reached the
explosive limit. In that case, there are innumerable Big Bangs. Matter thrown away in (an explosion
we mistakenly think about it as the beginning from nothing, a judeo-Christian
thinking inspired by idea of “creation”) a big bang is attracted back to the core by gravity. It
again reaches the explosive limit and explodes. Yes! Matter that is nearer to the core is attracted more
and moves faster than matter farther away. In that case also the distance between two different objects
would increase though they are travelling towards the centre due to gravity. In that case also there
could be red shift. So the red shift could be due to contraction and not expansion and not of the
universe but of matter in the universe. Well, very interesting thought So I prefer to believe
that matter in the Universe is contracting and the Universe is not expanding.
The Universe might be infinite dark property-less energy. Matter keeps forming by condensation of
this energy. There could also be several cores which go through cycles of Big Bang expansion and
subsequent contraction. The Universe is un-comprehensible infinity. Yes, you sir absolutely right
Before putting forward my hypothesis, let me quote the following from some publications:
http://www.pa.msu.edu/courses/1997spring/PHY232/lectures/atomic/bosons.html
Fermions and bosons
All fundamental particles in nature can be divided into one of two categories, Fermions or
Bosons. The table below enumerates the differences.
Examples:
electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks,
neutrinos
half-integral
Fermions
spin
only one per state
Bosons
Many can occupy the same Examples:
state
photons, 4He atoms, gluons
integral spin
Bosons have intrinsic angular momenta in integral units of h/(2. For instance the spin of a
photon is either +1 or -1 and the spin of a 4He atom is always zero. Many bosons can occupy a
single quantum state. This allows them to behave collectively and is responsible for the behavior
of lasers and superfluid helium. Only one fermion can exist in a given quantum state. This is
known as the Pauli exclusion principle which is the subject of the next page.
Any object which is comprised of an even number of fermions is a boson, while any particle
which is comprised of an odd number of fermions is a fermion. For example, a proton is made of
three quarks, hence it is a fermion. A 4He atom is made of 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 2 electrons,
hence it is a boson.
http://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/largehadroncolliderfaq/some-technicalconcepts/fermions-and-bosons/
Fermions and Bosons
In a world where Einstein’s relativity is true, space has three dimensions, and there is quantum
mechanics, all particles must be either fermions (named after Italian physicist Enrico Fermi) or
bosons (named after Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose). This statement is a mathematical
theorem, not an observation from data. But data over the past 100 years seems to bear it out;
every known particle in the Standard Model is either a fermion or a boson.
An example of a boson is a photon. Two or more bosons (if they are of the same particle type)
are allowed to do the same exact thing. For example, a laser is a machine for making large
numbers of photons do exactly the same thing, giving a very bright light with a very precise
color heading in a very definite direction. All the photons in that beam are in lockstep.
You can’t make a laser out of fermions. An example of a fermion is an electron. Two fermions
(of the same particle type) are forbidden from doing the same exact thing. Because an electron
is a fermion, two electrons cannot orbit an atom in exactly the same way. This is the underlying
reason for the Pauli exclusion principle that we learn in chemistry class, and has enormous
consequences for the periodic table of the elements and for chemistry. The electrons in an atom
occupy different orbits, in different shells around the atomic nucleus, because they cannot all
drop down into the same orbit — they are forbidden from doing so because they are fermions.
[More precisely, two electrons can occupy the same orbit as long as they spin around their own
axes in opposite directions. What is this spin thing? another article.] If electrons were bosons,
chemistry would be unrecognizable!
The known elementary particles of our world include many fermions — the charged leptons,
neutrinos and quarks are all fermions — and many bosons — all of the force carriers, and the
Higgs particle(s).
Another thing boson fields can do is be substantially non-zero on average. Fermion fields cannot
do this. The Higgs field, which is non-zero in our universe and gives mass thereby to the known
elementary particles, is a boson field (and its particle is therefore a boson, hence the
name Higgs boson that you will hear people use.)
Something else you can do with boson particles is form a Bose-Einstein condensate, a
phenomenon predicted by Einstein back in the 1920’s but only produced in a definitive way in
the 1990’s, in Nobel-Prize winning experiments described in the link above. What these
experiments do in making this condensate is cause large numbers of identical boson atoms to all
sit as still as a quantum mechanical object possibly can.
[This is all quantum mechanics, by the way. Einstein didn't like the implications of
quantum mechanics, but you should not have the impression, despite some popular
accounts, that he didn't understand it. In fact his work was crucial in the development of several
aspects of quantum theory.] ? Respectfully, I disagree. Some physicist asked him to
lend “his name” to call attention to their theories, like Bose.
In principle you could make something similar to a laser out of any boson. This has been done
for atoms too. Yes. And even more recently, a Bose-Einstein condensate has been made out of
photons.
So now we come to my Hypothesis. The basis of this is given in the Hindu Upanishads which say that THE
UNIVERSE IS FILLED WITH ONE PROPERTY-LESS ENERGY. Energy is what creates changes, isn’t it?
And as you say the Universe is infinite, and it is! Therefor the energy content is infinite too. We only
can measure differences, but we cannot comprehend infinite value and neither can imaging it,
...
nor are we being able to handle it mathematically, for infinite is not a number NO ONE CAN
DETECT IT BECAUSE IT HAS NO PROPERTIES WHATSOEVER. UPANISHADS SAY THAT IS BRAHMAN AND
THAT IS GOD. When anyone says that he found or detected it, actually he has detected or found some
derivative of it which has some properties.
HERE, I CONSIDER THIS BRAHMAN AS THE NEUTRAL ENERGY THAT FILLS THE UNIVERSE. WHEN IT
CONDENSES INTO THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE IT MAY BE CALLED THE BOSON. I MAY CALL IT
UNITRON. THIS PARTICLE IS A QUANTUMN OF CONDENSED ENERGY THAT HAS UNIT MASS. IT ROTATES
AND SPINS IN OPPOSITE AXES IN SUCH A WAY THAT DURING ONE 360 DEGREE ROTATION IN ONE AXIS,
IT SPINS 180 DEGREES IN THE ORTHOGONAL AXIS. DUE TO ITS PROPERTIES OF SPIN AND ROTATION IT
CAN MOVE ONLY IN WAVE FORM.
So we can see that a Boson that rotates 360 degrees in X-axis, it completes 180 degrees spin in the YAxis. Suppose it started rotating in clock-wise direction. Then for a person viewing this particle from one
side, the particle will appear as rotating in anticlockwise direction at half spin, even though it has not
changed the direction of rotation. Assume that another particle is formed at this half spin time.
Then we have two particles, two Bosons, which appear to us as rotating in opposite
directions. So we call these FERMIONS. These are the same two Bosons born at two different
times. Sir, I still have to think about this approach.
In Switzerland they produced Bosons and found that after a while they “got converted” into Fermions.
Actually, nothing has happened. All of the particles they produced were Bosons and they appeared to us
as Fermions as pairs of them formed at half spin time appeared as rotating in opposite directions.
THESE BOSONS ARE CONDENSED ENERGY THAT HAS UNIT MASS. AS THEY DO NOT HAVE ANY CHARGE
ANY NUMBER OF THEM ROTATING IN THE SAME DIRECTION CAN OCCUPY THE SAME , SAY, ZERO
ENERGY LEVEL.
NOW WE ASSUME THAT “N” NUMBER OF BOSONS PRODUCE A NEUTRON. THEN A PROTON WILL
HAVE (N-1) NUMBER OF THESE BOSONS AND ONE POSITIVE FERMION. AN ELECTRON MAY BE
ASSUMED TO HAVE FORMED FROM “n-1” number of Bosons and one negative Fermion. So a positron
will have (n-1) number of Bosons and one positive Fermion. Sir, I still have to think about this
approach.
This is a different way of thinking that occurred to me on 19th September, 2014. This may or may not be
true. It might even be stupidity. But it looks possible for the sake of argument or critical thinking. Even if
the above concepts are possible, lot of work need to be done to decipher the nature of the Boson, its
mass, how it forms the other elementary particles and innumerable other phenomena found in the
universe.
E.R. Venugopalan Menon
Flat No: 21, Building No:16-A,
Brindaban Society,
Thane West 400601, Maharashtra, INDIA.
[email protected]
0091 9833808274 & 0091 8590040160