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CHAPTER 35 Dative with Adjectives; Dative with Special Verbs; Dative with Compounds Intellegenda: 1. Define, recognize, and translate “Dative with Adjectives” 2. Define, recognize, and translate “Dative with Special Verbs” 3. Define, recognize, and translate “Dative with Compound Verbs” Dative Endings: Declension SG PL I II -AE -O -IS -IS III -O -IBUS IV Masc. -UI -IBUS IV Neuter -U -IBUS V -EI -EBUS The DATIVE CASE is in general employed to indicate a person or thing that some act or circumstance applies to or refers to “indirectly” 1 Vocabulary Nouns aestas, aestatis ianua, ae summer door pectus, pectoris praemium, ii brest reward, prize estival,estivate, estivation janitory, January prectoral, expectorate, parapet premium angry irate Adjective iratus, a, um Verbs antepono, -ponere, -posui, foveo, fovere, fovi, fotum miror, ari, atus sum nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptum positum noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitum sapio, sapere, sapivi subrideo, ridere, risi, risum to put before, prefer to comfort, nurture, cherish to marvel at, admire, wonder to cover, veil to do harm to, harm, injure to have good taste to smile upon foment marvel, admire nubile, nuptials, noxious, obnoxious innocuous,innocent, nuisance, sapient, sage Special Verbs+ Dative ignosco, -noscere, -novi, -notum impero, imperator, imperium parco, -ere, peperci, parsurum pareo, ere, ui persuadeo, -suadere, -suasi, -suasum placeo, placere, placui, placitum servio, iro, ivi, itum studeo, ere, ui to grand pardon to, forgive to give orders to, command to be lenient to, spare to be obedient to, obey to succeed in urging, persuade, convince to be pleasing to, please to be a slave to, serve to be eager for, study imperative, emperor parsimony, parsimonious apparent, appear assuage, dissuade complacent, placid servile, subservient eager, scholarly Vis Verborum A. Answer these questions on the chapter’s vocabulary list. 1. Complete the analogy casa; ianua:: urbs: _______________ a. fenestra b. porta c. remisso d. via 2. Which verb is synonymous with impero?_______________ a. arbitror b. cresco c. iubeo d.egredior 3. Which verb is an antonym of noceo? a. iuvo b. molior c.patior d.trado 2 Dative with Adjectives ADJECTIVES that require DATIVE show: Attitude Relation Quality INDICATE DIRECTION (literally or metaphorically) *In English you supply the words: “TO” “TOWARD” “FOR” e.g. 1) kind to/toward 2) mean to/toward 3) good for 1. He is friendly TO HIM . 2. The terrain is suitable FOR A BATTLE. 3. The tyrant gave orders TO US and we were obedient TO HIM. Adjectives that take the Dative are: aequus amicus benignus carus idoneus inimicus gratus similis dissimilis proximus finitimus idoneus -equal -friendly -kind -dear -suitable -unfriendly -pleasing -like -unlike -nearest -nearest -suitable Practice: Translate the Latin examples adding the correct prepositions in English 1. Putavi te mihi idoneum esse. 2. Marcus est inimicus nobis. 3. Mors et similis somno. 4. Nobis est vir amicus. 5. Erat similis patri. 3 Transitive Verbs Intransitive Verbs *Requires Direct Object to complete it’s sense/sentence *Uses NO Direct Object to complete it’s sense/sentence e.g. e.g. (usually verbs of motion) arrive carry move hang Transitive Verb I told my friend a The train arrived Direct Object secret. late. Intransitive Verb 4 Dative w/ Special Verbs **WITH SOME SPECIAL VERBS, NOUNS IN DATIVE WILL BE TRANSLATED AS DIRECT OBJECTS!** These verbs are intransitive in Latin but transitive in English and the dative nouns they govern are translated as direct objects Ways to translate are as follows: Latin English Intransitive Verb + Dat. Transitive Verb + Acc. e.g. non favemus candidato we don’t favor this candidate Latin English noceo, nocere, nocui, nocitum + dat to do harm ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotum + dat to forgive impero, imperare, imperavi,imperatum+dat to give orders credo, credere, credidi, creditum + dat to trust faveo, favere,favi, faviturum to favor parco, parcere, peperci, parsurum + dat to be lenient pareo, parere, parui, - + dat to obey persuadeo,persuadere,persuasi,persuasum+d to make sweet placeo, placere, placui, placitum + dat to be pleasing servio, servire, servivi, servitum + dat to serve studeo, studere, studui, - + dat to be eager subvenio, ire (reg) + dat to come to help resisto, resistere, resististi to resist Verb Exception Exceptions: some of these verbs can take any case, not just a dative as the object some of these verbs can also take the direct object (fill in the exceptions chart as we go over it in class ) ***Memorize these verbs in categories: I. command, obey, serve II. harm, forgive, spare III. persuade, trust, please See text book for the examples we will go over 5 DATIVE OF REFERENCE shows to whom or for whose sake something is done e.g. Caesar Labienum militibus misit Caesar sent Labienus for the soldiers DATIVE OF PURPOSE used to show what role something fulfills, or what purpose it serves e.g. Caesar Labienum auxilio misit Caesar sent Labienus as an aid N.B. e.g. The Dative of Reference and Dative of Purpose often appear together in a construction known as the Double Dative Erat auxilio consuli, he was out of help to the consul Est usui nobis, it is of advantage to us DATIVE OF POSSESSION the dative can be used with forms of VOB Possession to express possession Romans almost always used the Dative of Possession when referring to parts of the body or when talking about names e.g. Bina currura mihi sunt(There are legs to two at a time= I have two legs) Quid est nomen tibi? (What is the name to you= what’s your name) Mihi est domus (I have a house) Dative of agent used with the gerundive to indicate the person by whom the action must be done e.g. Hoc negotium tibi faciendum est. (This task must be done by you=you must do this) Dative with Compound Verbs VERY Similar !!!!!!!!! with certain verbs compounded with ad, ante, con-(=cum), in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, super and sometimes circum and re-(in the sense of against) the dative is a direct object Sequor eum(acc) I follow him sum amicus(nominative) I am his friend venit ad nos(acc.) he came to us obsequor ei (dative) I obey him adsum amico(dative) I support my friend advenit nobis (dative) he came to us Special verbs infero praeficio praesum carry on put in charge be in charge 6 this Dative appears to function as object of the preposition used as prefix: e.g. Aliis praestant, they surpass the others (prep: prae) Praeerat exercitui, he was in charge of the army (prep: prae) If the simple verb is transitive, then the compound may take an accusative as object of the root verb as well as a dative e.g. Praeposui eum exercitui, I put him in charge of the army Praeposui pecuniam amicitiae, I preferred money to friendship Grammatica 1.The dative case is in general employed to indicate the person or thing that some action or circumstance applies to or refers to _______________, as opposed to the accusative which indicates the direct object of an action. 2.An adjective indicating attitude, relation, or quality mat take a noun or pronoun in the dative case to indicate, literally, figuratively, the _____________ in which the adjective applies; such adjectives in English are usually followed by the words _______,_______, or _________. 3.List at least six uses of the dative case learned in this unit 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Practice and Review 3. Parere legibus aequis melius est quan tyranno servire. 7. Cum dives sis atque divitiae crescent, tamen opibus tuis parcere vis et nemini assem offeres. 14. If he does not spare the plebeians, alas, we shall never trust him. *on a separate piece of paper diagram the grammatical components of each sentence!!! 7 Sententiae Antiquae 6.Virtuti melius quam Fortunae credamus; virtus non novit calamitati cedere. Let us trust in virtue better than in fortune; virtue does not know how to yield to calamity. 13. Vivite fortiter fortiaque pectoral rebus adversis opponite. Live bravely and set your chest firm to adversity. 16. Queando te, deum meum, quaero, vitam beatam quaero, qeaeram te ut vivat anima mea. When I seek you, my god, I seek a happy life; let me seek you so my spirit may live. *on a separate piece of paper diagram the grammatical components of each sentence!!! Exercitationes A. Transform from singular to plural or plural to singular and then translate, with careful attention to verb tenses and the correct auxiliaries. 1. Tali praemio studebat Transformation:___________________________________________ Translation:_______________________________________________ 2. Natae meae viris unbent Transformation:____________________________________________ Translation:________________________________________________ 3. Huic illum anteponit Transformation:_____________________________________________ Translation:_________________________________________________ B. Supply the correct form of the words in parentheses and translate. 1. Si quis tantum _______(pecuniae) serviette-vae miserum!-pectus numquam erit liberum. 2. Aestas est tempus nobis iucdundum quod ______(discipulus; pl) atque______(magister; pl.) eorum placet. 3. Si salvere ac sapere vis, fovete animas atque nolite______(corpus;pl.) nocere. 8 C. Traducite in Latine 1. Let us first obey our hearts. 2. The more faithful guards served him well. 3. That student always studies Latin with the greatest care. Ovid Asks the Gods to Inspire His Work In nova fert animus mutates dicere formas Corpora; di coeptis—nam vos mutastis et illas— Adspirate meis primaque ab origine mundi Ad mea perpetuum dedicte tempora Carmen! Circle each noun with its agreeing adjective and translate the pair according to appropriate case, number and gender! Summer Vacation Ludi magister, parce simplici turbae: ……………………………………… Aestate pueri si valent, satis discunt ……………………………………… Latin est Gaudium- Et Utilis! *See page 252 in book for more interesting derivatives and how to find them Salvete, discipuli dispulaeque! Fortune favet fortibus; favete linguis Studete Latinae, aperite mentes, et simper valete, studentes! Postponement Frustrate Calamitous Imagine Pisces Bestial Opponent Succor Etymology Aspire Exclamatory Impudence Donate Tussive Pertussis Simple Look up context, meaning and what it comes from: 9