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... There are two discourse referents denoting individuals: x, which needs to be unified11 with another discourse referent later in the derivation, e.g. the agent introduced by little v (Voice), and z with respect to which the representation is abstracted over by means of a λabstract.12 The DP that is a ...
... There are two discourse referents denoting individuals: x, which needs to be unified11 with another discourse referent later in the derivation, e.g. the agent introduced by little v (Voice), and z with respect to which the representation is abstracted over by means of a λabstract.12 The DP that is a ...
On the syntax of locative and directional adpositional phrases
... Koopman resorts to movement to SpecAgrP in an attempt to account for Q–float facts: met ons allemaal ‘with us all’ is assumed to result from movement of ons ‘us’ to a higher A–position, stranding the quantifier allemaal ‘all’ along the way (as in Sportiche’ s 1988 analysis of Q–float). The Q–float a ...
... Koopman resorts to movement to SpecAgrP in an attempt to account for Q–float facts: met ons allemaal ‘with us all’ is assumed to result from movement of ons ‘us’ to a higher A–position, stranding the quantifier allemaal ‘all’ along the way (as in Sportiche’ s 1988 analysis of Q–float). The Q–float a ...
8 Causatives - Blackwell Publishing
... In this chapter, I will present an analysis of the syntax and morphology of the causative construction in Japanese. Since Kuroda’s 1965 MIT dissertation, much of the work on the Japanese causative has focused on the causative construction formed by a verb stem and the morphologically dependent causa ...
... In this chapter, I will present an analysis of the syntax and morphology of the causative construction in Japanese. Since Kuroda’s 1965 MIT dissertation, much of the work on the Japanese causative has focused on the causative construction formed by a verb stem and the morphologically dependent causa ...
Leísta Spanish and the Syntax of Clitic Doubling
... In Chapter 2 I show that this data presents a problem for past analyses of clitic doubling which tie these interpretive restrictions to a particular clitic form. As a first step to solving the interpretive puzzle, I argue that dative and accusative clitics should receive different analyses. Dative c ...
... In Chapter 2 I show that this data presents a problem for past analyses of clitic doubling which tie these interpretive restrictions to a particular clitic form. As a first step to solving the interpretive puzzle, I argue that dative and accusative clitics should receive different analyses. Dative c ...
DATIVE SUBJECTS IN LITHUANIAN AND ICELANDIC
... Ég finn ‘I find’ vs. mér finnst ‘ It seems to me’ Ég sé ‘I see” vs. mér sést yfir ‘it escapes my notice’ Ég mæli ‘I speak’ vs. Mér mælist vel (*af ástettu ráði) I:DAT delivered a good speech ...
... Ég finn ‘I find’ vs. mér finnst ‘ It seems to me’ Ég sé ‘I see” vs. mér sést yfir ‘it escapes my notice’ Ég mæli ‘I speak’ vs. Mér mælist vel (*af ástettu ráði) I:DAT delivered a good speech ...
Reflexive Verben Theorie learning target rules
... If you check the chart carefully you see that the reflexive pronouns are almost the same as the personal pronouns. Just the er/sie/es and the sie (pl.) form is new to you. ...
... If you check the chart carefully you see that the reflexive pronouns are almost the same as the personal pronouns. Just the er/sie/es and the sie (pl.) form is new to you. ...
The Latvian dative and genitive: A Cognitive Grammar - DUO
... My first encounter with the Latvian case system was in August 1991, when I arrived in Riga to spend a year in Latvia as an exchange student. As I gradually mastered the language, I was struck by what I saw as the simplicity and logic of the Latvian case system. The fact that my fascination for the s ...
... My first encounter with the Latvian case system was in August 1991, when I arrived in Riga to spend a year in Latvia as an exchange student. As I gradually mastered the language, I was struck by what I saw as the simplicity and logic of the Latvian case system. The fact that my fascination for the s ...
Spanish Clitics, Events and Opposition Structure
... Plata region (Argentina and Uruguay). The use of clitics in that area seems more unconstrained than the standard Spanish from Spain. For instance, the sentence (10b) below would be hardly accepted by a speaker from Spain. On the contrary, equivalent pairs like those of (21a) are found everywhere in ...
... Plata region (Argentina and Uruguay). The use of clitics in that area seems more unconstrained than the standard Spanish from Spain. For instance, the sentence (10b) below would be hardly accepted by a speaker from Spain. On the contrary, equivalent pairs like those of (21a) are found everywhere in ...
DOM in Spanish-state of the art
... (see Balasch 2011 for one of the few cases where the extension of DOM across varieties is studied, and Aleza 2013 for a detailed study of leísmo in Cuba, which is potentially relevant for a-marking). Zdrojevski (2013) reports that in Rioplatense Spanish a sentence like Chocó al coche ‘It.crashed A t ...
... (see Balasch 2011 for one of the few cases where the extension of DOM across varieties is studied, and Aleza 2013 for a detailed study of leísmo in Cuba, which is potentially relevant for a-marking). Zdrojevski (2013) reports that in Rioplatense Spanish a sentence like Chocó al coche ‘It.crashed A t ...
Commentary on Historia Apollonii regis Tyri
... nostram: for meam. The use of the plural for singular is especially common with personal pronouns and adjectives. It has a generalizing effect here. bonestis moribus decoratam: "(since it is) distinguished by a respectable character"; the participle has a causal sense. 6. si enim scis: The object is ...
... nostram: for meam. The use of the plural for singular is especially common with personal pronouns and adjectives. It has a generalizing effect here. bonestis moribus decoratam: "(since it is) distinguished by a respectable character"; the participle has a causal sense. 6. si enim scis: The object is ...
The nature of cognate objects A syntactic approach Cristina Real
... these terms, ‘If x is part of y, then if a telic predicate maps y (as Theme) onto event e, it must map x onto an event e’ which is part of e”(Dowty 1991:567). For example, in an event of “writing a letter” parts of the letter corresponds to subevents that are part of the whole event of writing a let ...
... these terms, ‘If x is part of y, then if a telic predicate maps y (as Theme) onto event e, it must map x onto an event e’ which is part of e”(Dowty 1991:567). For example, in an event of “writing a letter” parts of the letter corresponds to subevents that are part of the whole event of writing a let ...
double case constructions in Koine Greek - Journal of Greco
... The clause in (11), for example, is derived from the active (double accusative) construction: tij kale/sei au0tou\j ui9ou\j qeou= (‘someone will call them sons of God’). Similarly, the clause in (12) is derived from the active tij kalei= th\n nh=son Meli/thn (‘someone calls the island Malta’); and t ...
... The clause in (11), for example, is derived from the active (double accusative) construction: tij kale/sei au0tou\j ui9ou\j qeou= (‘someone will call them sons of God’). Similarly, the clause in (12) is derived from the active tij kalei= th\n nh=son Meli/thn (‘someone calls the island Malta’); and t ...
Accusative Case-Assignment in Double Object Constructions in
... One of the basic principles embodied in MP is VP shells. All constructions within the framework of MP are basically derived as having VP shells structures (Radford, 2004, 2009). The traditional VP structure which contains the verb and its two complements, as in DOCs, becomes a subordinate to vp and ...
... One of the basic principles embodied in MP is VP shells. All constructions within the framework of MP are basically derived as having VP shells structures (Radford, 2004, 2009). The traditional VP structure which contains the verb and its two complements, as in DOCs, becomes a subordinate to vp and ...
TWO CLASSES OF DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS: THE ROLE OF
... participate in checking operations which take place in the functional domain. It is well known, for example, that in Icelandic passives dative goals undergo EPP-driven movement (quirky subjects, see Zaenen, Maling & Thraínsson 1985 among many others). There are two approaches concerning the formal p ...
... participate in checking operations which take place in the functional domain. It is well known, for example, that in Icelandic passives dative goals undergo EPP-driven movement (quirky subjects, see Zaenen, Maling & Thraínsson 1985 among many others). There are two approaches concerning the formal p ...
The Double-O Constraints in Japanese* William J. Poser
... The Double-O Constraint (Harada 1973), is intended to account for the ungrammaticality of clauses containing two accusative Noun Phrases. It has been discussed by numerous authors in various formulations. This paper attempts to clarify the phenomena involved and to reduce the class of possible analy ...
... The Double-O Constraint (Harada 1973), is intended to account for the ungrammaticality of clauses containing two accusative Noun Phrases. It has been discussed by numerous authors in various formulations. This paper attempts to clarify the phenomena involved and to reduce the class of possible analy ...
Remarks on the History of the Indo-European Infinitive
... Conversely, if if the (or case (or subject) subject) is is genitive, genitive, the the form form is is nominal. nominal. It It is is indeed indeed the the case that genitive genitive agent/patient agent/patient marking marking is is standard Standard with with action action nouns that nouns but when ...
... Conversely, if if the (or case (or subject) subject) is is genitive, genitive, the the form form is is nominal. nominal. It It is is indeed indeed the the case that genitive genitive agent/patient agent/patient marking marking is is standard Standard with with action action nouns that nouns but when ...
two types of impersonal sentences in spanish
... plus its internal arguments, the nature of the external argument being irrelevant.7 What one would expect, if our proposal is correct, is to be able to form idioms with locatives in ditransitive structures, but not with those which appear with impersonal verbs, because they should behave as any othe ...
... plus its internal arguments, the nature of the external argument being irrelevant.7 What one would expect, if our proposal is correct, is to be able to form idioms with locatives in ditransitive structures, but not with those which appear with impersonal verbs, because they should behave as any othe ...
12110/99
... with semantics. Instruments, not surprisingly, take instrumental case. Likewise, adjunct modifiers which are time expressions (i.e. which form a semantic class) all take accusative case. The examples in this section have all been simple declarative sentences, and different types of constructions sho ...
... with semantics. Instruments, not surprisingly, take instrumental case. Likewise, adjunct modifiers which are time expressions (i.e. which form a semantic class) all take accusative case. The examples in this section have all been simple declarative sentences, and different types of constructions sho ...
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*
... will continue to extend to more verbal bases.7 As Bybee (1985: 81ff.) has shown, the distinction between derivational and inflectional morphemes is gradient rather than discrete. Since intensifier le is a fairly recent development, it is even more difficult to assign it to a fixed position on the de ...
... will continue to extend to more verbal bases.7 As Bybee (1985: 81ff.) has shown, the distinction between derivational and inflectional morphemes is gradient rather than discrete. Since intensifier le is a fairly recent development, it is even more difficult to assign it to a fixed position on the de ...
Non-finite complements and modality in de-na `allow` in Hindi-Urdu
... In (9) and in many examples below, the =ko postposition is ambiguous between dative and accusative case. The contrast of DOM accusative with the goal dative is even clearer in Kashmiri, a language related to Hindi-Urdu and similar in case marking. The Kashmiri and Hindi-Urdu permissives are very sim ...
... In (9) and in many examples below, the =ko postposition is ambiguous between dative and accusative case. The contrast of DOM accusative with the goal dative is even clearer in Kashmiri, a language related to Hindi-Urdu and similar in case marking. The Kashmiri and Hindi-Urdu permissives are very sim ...
Open Access - Biblio UGent
... The goal of this paper is to discuss how HAVE and BE alternate in the FEVP. The description of the data will lead to the analysis of the FEVP as a pattern expressing what I call ‘affected possession’. The matrix subject in the FEVP not only encodes a Possessor7 but also an Affectee. Syntactically, I ...
... The goal of this paper is to discuss how HAVE and BE alternate in the FEVP. The description of the data will lead to the analysis of the FEVP as a pattern expressing what I call ‘affected possession’. The matrix subject in the FEVP not only encodes a Possessor7 but also an Affectee. Syntactically, I ...
Direct Object Pronouns - Reeths
... C. We can also use an Indirect Object PRONOUN in English: 1. a. Jorge is giving the dog to her. (Her stands for Teresa). OR b. Jorge is giving her the dog. 2. a. I’m buying a pop for him. (Him stands for my friend.) OR b. I’m buying him a pop. C. Now let’s see what it looks like in Spanish! In Span ...
... C. We can also use an Indirect Object PRONOUN in English: 1. a. Jorge is giving the dog to her. (Her stands for Teresa). OR b. Jorge is giving her the dog. 2. a. I’m buying a pop for him. (Him stands for my friend.) OR b. I’m buying him a pop. C. Now let’s see what it looks like in Spanish! In Span ...
6 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
... their systems of morphological case. Thus, we have three different conceptions of case. Two abstract conceptions, one of them syntactic (grammatical functions) and one semantic (thematic roles), which are universal, and one ‘concrete’ conception, morphological case, which is language particular. The ...
... their systems of morphological case. Thus, we have three different conceptions of case. Two abstract conceptions, one of them syntactic (grammatical functions) and one semantic (thematic roles), which are universal, and one ‘concrete’ conception, morphological case, which is language particular. The ...
Dative verbs: A crosslinguistic perspective
... them to be associated with the caused possession event schema. These verbs do not lexicalize caused motion: although caused possession of a physical object is typically effected by physically moving that object, it is possible to give a physical object without manipulating it. As A. Goldberg (1995, ...
... them to be associated with the caused possession event schema. These verbs do not lexicalize caused motion: although caused possession of a physical object is typically effected by physically moving that object, it is possible to give a physical object without manipulating it. As A. Goldberg (1995, ...