Download geography - Humble ISD

GREECE
GEOGRAPHY
• ___________________ - mountains separated different areas from
one another.
• ___________________- most are dry a good part of the year.
• Only _____________ of Land can be ___________________ - forced
Greeks outward to find food.
• Excellent ___________________- led to trade and colonization
Because of the geography, Greeks failed to develop ___________________
as a unified nation. They formed independent ___________________.
Intense ___________________ and love for their own city led to many
___________________and ___________________.
Despite their differences, there were bonds that linked ALL Greeks
together:
1. ___________________ (dialects)
2. Common passion for ___________________ (776 B.C. First Olympic Games)
3. Common ___________________and rituals
4. Love for the ___________________ life (education)
MINOAN CIVILIZATION (2000 - 1400 B.C.)
• Flourished on the island of ___________________
• Traders in the Eastern __________________________________
• Capital at Knossos
1. height of power under ___________________
2. palace has 800 rooms and no defensive walls
• Civilization dies out around 1400 B.C. (invasion or earthquake)
MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION (2000 B.C.)
• Invade from the north and settle in the Peloponnesus
• Controlled trade in the ___________________ (occupation of Crete)
• Built strong fortress cities
1. ruled by warrior ___________________
2. wealth through ___________________ and trade
3. ___________________ and ___________________ are major cities
• Life Outside of the City
1. traders, merchants, artisans, farmers, etc.
2. pay ___________________ to the king for protection
TROJAN WAR (1194-1184 B.C.)
• Iliad & Odyssey – Written by ___________________
• Possible Causes
1. Decline of Hittite power in Asia Minor
a. 1250 B.C., Hittites withdraw because of Assyrians
b. Mycenaeans move in for trade
2. Phrygians move into Hellespont, weakening Achaean trade
3. rise of great power in Mycenae
4. trade war between Phrygians and Achaeans
5. Helen is doubtful - Greeks led by Agamemnon
EARLY CITY STATES
• Cities are built around the ___________________-hilltop fortress
1. honor the gods
2. discuss local affairs
3. defend the polis (city)
• First ruled by a ___________________ (king)
• As the threat of war decreased cities were ruled by
an ___________________ (nobles)
1. nobles have wealth and power
2. owned most of the land
• Greeks spread out and settle ___________________
1. for trade, to escape debt, find new farmland
2. contact brings out common heritage among Greeks, new ideas,
coined money
3. non-Greeks are considered ___________________
 ___________________ (Tyranny)- rule by one man
a. champion of the people
b. stays in power as long as he has support of the people
• ___________________ – citizens actively ___________________ in
making public policy
1. Democracy appears in ___________________ first. Athens is the
most democratic of all Greek city-states
2. city populations are small so people can ___________________ in
___________________
HEIGHT OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
• ______________________________________- all citizens can attend the
Assembly and vote (only a small percent of the population were
actual citizens)
• ___________________leads Athens through the Golden Age
1. ___________________and open discussion were encouraged
2. Athens is rebuilt and becomes the ___________________of Greece
and the Mediterranean
SPARTA
• Dorians enslaved the local population and establish the city-state
of Sparta
1. slaves are called ___________________
2. Helots outnumber Spartans 20 to 1
• Government Organization
1. monarchy - ___________________
2. council of 28 Elders - advise kings
3. assembly of citizens approve all decisions
4. five ___________________ direct the daily affairs of the people and
watch the Helots
SPARTAN WAY OF LIFE
• Strong ______________________________________
• Military governs ALL aspects of life
1. babies are brought before the EPHORS to be ___________________ out
2. age 7 - boys leave home and live in military barracks
3. youths are expected to get by (___________________) on their own
4. learned to read and write - No free discussion!
5. married at age 20 - live in barracks for another 40 years
6. age 30 - men become citizens and state provides land and slaves
7. Spartan women live in strict ___________________ to fathers or
husbands. Can participate in defense of city.
• Art and Literature were not considered - military and Helots!
PERSIAN WARS
• As the Greeks spread throughout the Mediterranean, they came in
contact with the ___________________.
• The Ionian Greek colonies on the western coast of Asia Minor had
fallen subject to Persian rule.
• In 499 B.C. the Ionian cities attempted a rebellion and were aided by
the ______________________________________
• The Persian King ___________________ decided to seek revenge on
Athens and the Greeks.
• In 490 B.C. the Persians landed on the plain of ___________________
(26 miles from Athens)
• An outnumbered Athenian army decisively ___________________ the
Persians.
• ___________________ runs back to Athens to announce the victory!
• Led by ___________________, the Persians invade Greece in 480 B.C.
• 7000 Greeks tried to hold them off at ___________________ – led by
300 Spartans
• After the Greeks _________ at Thermopylae, the Persians march to
Athens and burn the city.
• The Greeks defeat the Persians in a Naval battle at _________________
• The remaining Persian forces are finally defeated at Plataea in 479
B.C.
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
• After the Persian War, Athens created ___________________ with other
Greek city-states in case there was a future Persian invasion.
• Sparta feared Athens growing power and created ___________________
of their own.
• ___________________between the two, led to the Peloponnesian War –
___________________.
• After 27 years of off and on fighting, the ___________________ win the
war.
• As a result of this civil war:
• It ___________________ the Greek city-states
• It left no chance for Greek ___________________
• Because they were so focused on each other, they failed to see
___________________ as a threat
ALEXANDER THE GREAT
• By the end of the fifth century B.C., ___________________ had emerged
as a powerful kingdom.
• ___________________became king in 359 B.C. and built a strong army.
His goal was to unite Greece under his rule and invade the
______________________________________
• When Philip II was assassinated, his son ___________________ took
over at the age of ____________.
• In 334 B.C. Alexander left Greece with 37,000 infantry men and 5000
___________________.
• By ___________________he had conquered much of
___________________, ___________________, ___________________, and
Egypt.
• He built ___________________ as the Greek capital in Egypt – it
remains one of the most important cities in the ___________________
today.
• Alexander and his troops continued to fight against Persian resistance
and finally defeated them at the Battle of ___________________ (near
Babylon)
• He was not content and continued to fight his way east as far as the
___________________.
• Exhausted, his troops refused to go any further. He returned to
Babylon and died there in ___________________. (he was only 33)
• The effects of Alexander’s Empire:
• Made Greece ___________________
• Created the largest ___________________ ever at that time
• Spread Greek ___________________, ___________________,
___________________ and art to SW Asia – Hellenistic Culture
• Created many Greek ___________________within his empire
Greek Achievements
___________________
–
–
–
–
Sculpture, Painting
Theater – comedies and drama
Architecture
Literature – poetry, history
___________________
– Astronomy – sun centered universe
___________________
– Geometry
___________________
– Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
– Epicureanism
– Stoicism
___________________
– First Olympic games held in 776 B.C.
– Ended in 393 A.D. (paganistic)
– Modern games began in 1896