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See Below for start of worksheet © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology Meiosis and Mendel Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis Study Guide A KEY CONCEPT Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have. VOCABULARY somatic cell autosome fertilization gamete sex chromosome diploid homologous chromosome sexual reproduction haploid meiosis MAIN IDEA: You have body cells and gametes. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The two major groups of cell types in the human body are called ______________ and ______________. 2. The gametes are located in the _____________ organs. 3. The number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell is _______. MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes. Fill in the Concept Map below to summarize what you know about chromosomes. 46 chromosomes in human body cells include sex chromosomes include 7. include half come from 4. 5. 6. include consist of 8. 22 homologous pairs © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 1 Meiosis and Mendel Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Study Guide A continued Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement. 9. A person with two X chromosomes is female / male. 10. The X / Y chromosome carries the fewest number of genes. MAIN IDEA: Body cells are diploid; gametes are haploid. Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 11. During fertilization, the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse / separate. 12. Germ / Somatic cells are haploid. 13. The haploid / diploid chromosome number in humans is 23. 14. Each human gamete has one autosome / sex chromosome. Read the descriptions in the table below and then decide which column should be labeled Mitosis and which column should be labeled Meiosis. 15. 16. Makes diploid cells. Makes haploid cells. Makes genetically identical cells. Makes genetically unique cells. Happens throughout an organism’s life. Happens at specific times in an organism’s life. Involved in asexual reproduction. Involved in sexual reproduction. Vocabulary Check 17. Circle all of the following statements that are true for homologous chromosomes. a. One is from the mother and one is from the father. b. They are a pair of chromosomes. c. They are fertilized gametes. d. They have the same genes, but they differ in length and appearance. e. They have the same genes, length, and overall appearance. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 2 Meiosis and Mendel