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© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Meiosis and Mendel
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section 1: Chromosomes and Meiosis
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have.
VOCABULARY
somatic cell
autosome
fertilization
gamete
sex chromosome
diploid
homologous chromosome sexual reproduction
haploid
meiosis
MAIN IDEA: You have body cells and gametes.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The two major groups of cell types in the human body are called
______________ and ______________.
2. The gametes are located in the _____________ organs.
3. The number of chromosomes in a typical human body cell is _______.
MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Fill in the Concept Map below to summarize what you know about chromosomes.
46 chromosomes in
human body cells
include
sex chromosomes
include
7.
include
half
come
from
4.
5.
6.
include
consist of
8.
22 homologous pairs
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
Meiosis and Mendel
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
Circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement.
9. A person with two X chromosomes is female / male.
10. The X / Y chromosome carries the fewest number of genes.
MAIN IDEA: Body cells are diploid; gametes are haploid.
Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
11. During fertilization, the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse / separate.
12. Germ / Somatic cells are haploid.
13. The haploid / diploid chromosome number in humans is 23.
14. Each human gamete has one autosome / sex chromosome.
Read the descriptions in the table below and then decide which column should be
labeled Mitosis and which column should be labeled Meiosis.
15.
16.
Makes diploid cells.
Makes haploid cells.
Makes genetically identical cells.
Makes genetically unique cells.
Happens throughout an organism’s life. Happens at specific times in an
organism’s life.
Involved in asexual reproduction.
Involved in sexual reproduction.
Vocabulary Check
17. Circle all of the following statements that are true for
homologous chromosomes.
a. One is from the mother and one is from the father.
b. They are a pair of chromosomes.
c. They are fertilized gametes.
d. They have the same genes, but they differ in length and appearance.
e. They have the same genes, length, and overall appearance.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
2
Meiosis and Mendel