Download Introduction_to_Horticulture_2

Introduction
to Horticulture
Plants Parts
A World Without Plants
Find
a Partner
On your note card
 Identify
why plants are so
important to the world
 Provide Examples
Parts of a Plant
Leaves
Stems
Roots
Flowers
 Fruits
or Seeds
Leaves
 The
FOOD FACTORY
 Produces
all the food required by the
plant or animals
 Leaf
Structure
 Petiole
– leaf stalk
 Blade – flat, large part of leaf
 Midrib – large center vein
 Veins – structural framework
 Margin – edge of leaves (assists in ID)
Leaves
Internally
–
 Epidermis
– single layer of cells that is the
skin of the leaf – protect leaf from
excessive moisture loss
 Guard Cells – open and close a small pore
on the underside of the leaf (stoma)
 Allows
leaf to breath and transpire
 Transpire
– give off moisture and exchange gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Leaves
 Transpiration
is the evaporation of water
through plant leaves and stems through
the stomata (necessary for survival)
 Transpiration
slows when adequate water is
unavailable (plant will begin to wilt)
 If wilting continues into the evening, the plant
needs more water to prevent damage
 Extreme
Drought – stomata close and
photosynthesis slows or stops
Leaves
Transpiration
 Cools
the Plant
 Maintains the flow of nutrients and
manufactured food from root to top
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy =
Glucose + Oxygen
 672
Kilocalories of Light – (1 molecule of
glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen)
 Carbon Dioxide enters through the Stoma
 Food made in the Leaves travels DOWN
through the stem to the roots
 Food is used by plant or stored in the
stem or root in the form of sugar, starch,
or protein
Respiration
 Respire
– 24 hours a day
 Respiration – plant consumes oxygen and
gives off carbon dioxide (just like us and
animals)
 Roots, Stems, and Leaves all use oxygen
 As they grow they use oxygen and give
off carbon dioxide
 BUT
– they produce more oxygen through
photosynthesis than they consume
BIG DIFFERENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Respiration
Photosynthesis
1. Food Used
Food Made
Sun’s Energy Used
2. Energy Released
Carbon Dioxide Used 3. Carbon Dioxide Given Off
Oxygen Given Off
4. Oxygen Used
Produces Sugar &
5. Produces Carbon Dioxide
Starch
& H2O
Requires Light
6. Goes on All Day and Night
Chlorophyll must be
7. Carried on in All Cells
Present
Stems
 TWO
1.
Main Functions
Movement of Materials
 Water
and Minerals (Roots – Up) [Xylem]
 Manufactured Food (Leaves – Down)
[Phloem]
2.
Support of the Leaves and Reproductive
Structures
 Flowers,
and Fruits or Seeds (Reproductive
Structures)
Stems
ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE
 Potato
(Modified Stem) – USED FOR FOOD
 Asparagus – USED FOR FOOD
 And
 Trees
Several Others
– trunks – USED FOR BUILDING
MATERIALS
Roots
Anchor
and hold plant Upright
Absorb water and minerals from the
soil
Store large quantities of plant food
Propagate or Reproduce some plants
(First Three are Essential to All Plants)
Roots
 Contains
 Xylem
– Water and Minerals Up
 Phloem – Manufactured Food Down
 Root
Hairs – absorb moisture and minerals
 Important for Cash Crops
 Carrots,
 Fibrous
Beets, Radishes, Sweet Potatoes
vs. Tap
 Monocot
 Fibrous
vs. Dicot
are easier to transplant
Flower Fruit Seed
The
Beauty of a Flower is necessary to
Attract Insects
When visited:
 Fertilize
Seed)
Fruits
by pollination (Beginning of Fruit &
and Seeds are Attractive so:
 Birds
and Animals will eat, collect, and
spread them
Flower
Complete
 Male
and Female Parts – Can pollinate
themselves
 Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, and Pistil
Incomplete
 Male
– OR – Female Parts
 Contain: Sepals, Petals, Stamens (Male) Pistil
(Female)
Exit Slip
With
Partner
Back of Note Card
3 Things you Now Know, that
you Didn’t Know when you
walked in.