Download Macromolecules - Georgetown ISD

Name _________________________________ Period __________ Date ________________
Macromolecules
1. Compounds that contain ______________ are called _______________________.
2. ______________________ are large organic molecules.
3. Carbon has how many electrons in its outer energy shell?
4. Carbon can form up to ______ covalent bonds with other atoms (elements)
5. Elements that carbon usually bonds with: _____, _____, _____, or _____.
Example: ___________________
6. Macromolecules are also called ___________________.
7. Made up of smaller “building blocks” called _________________.
8. Examples of macromolecules _______________, _______________, _______________, &
_______________.
9. How are macromolecules formed?_____________________ (also called _______________)
10. Polymers are formed when monomers combine by ____________________.
11. How are macromolecules separated or digested? __________________ (separates monomers
by ___________________).
Carbohydrates
12. What type of atoms are found in carbohydrates? __________, __________ & __________.
What is the ratio for these atoms? _____:_____:_____
13. The three categories of carbohydrate are:
_________________________, __________________________ & ____________________
14. What is a monosaccharide? (examples?)
15. What are disaccharides? _______________________
a. Sucrose (_____________________________)
b. Lactose (_____________________________)
c. Maltose (_____________________________)
16. Polysaccharide contain ________________ sugar units
a. ______________ (bread, potatoes)
b. glycogen (__________________________)
c. cellulose (__________________________) which cannot be digested by humans.
Lipids
17. General term for compounds which are not _____________________in water.
18. Remember: lipids store the MOST _________________________.
19. What are lipids made of? Describe the ratio of those atoms.
20. A ___________________________ is the monomer of a lipid.
It is made of one
________________ and three ________________________________.
21. Examples:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Fats
Phospholipids
Oils
Waxes
Steroid hormones
22. Six functions of lipids:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
__________________ energy storage
Protection against heat loss ____________________
Protection against physical shock
Protection against ___________________
Chemical messengers _________________
Major component of_________________________ (phospholipids)
23. There are ________________________you may see these on food labels:
a. ________________________: no double bonds (bad)
b. ________________________: double bonds (good)
Proteins
24. The MONOMERS of proteins are _________________________________.
25. There are _______________ different amino acids used to form proteins by peptide bonds.
26. Six functions of proteins:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
______________:
Transport:
Regulatory:
______________:
Structural:
______________:
albumin (egg white)
_______________________
hormones
muscles
membranes, hair, nails
cellular reactions
Nucleic Acids
27. The MONOMER of a nucleic acid is a ___________________________.
28. Parts of a nucleotides include:
29. There are two types of nucleic acid:
a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (____________________________)
b. Ribonucleic acid (_________________________________)
30. Compare DNA to RNA: