Download Unit 5 Test Review KEY 2014

Mills Biology I
2014-2015
Name ___________________________________
DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and Mutations Test Review -KEYChapter 12 pages 329-349
TEKS
5C: Describe the roles of DNA, RNA and environmental factors in cell differentiation.
6B: Recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all
organisms.
6C: Explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of
DNA and RNA.
6D: Recognize that gene expression is a regulated process.
6E: Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these
changes.
Summary of Topics to Review
 Structures and functions of DNA and RNA
 Nucleotide structure and how they are arranged to form DNA and RNA
 Structure and functions of they types of RNA
 Processes of protein synthesis, including transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA
 Translate codons of mRNA using Genetic Code chart
 Identify how changes in DNA may cause mutations
 Distinguish between the types of mutations
 Mitosis and chromosome number in daughter cells
 Distinguish between photosynthesis and cell respiration and where each process occurs in cells
 Structures of leaves, including functions of xylem and phloem and stoma
Sample Questions
1. The diagram below shows a process occurring in cells. Name the process and label items 1-5 on the diagram.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
mRNA
Ribosome
Amino acid
Protein/polypeptide
tRNA
2. What is transcription and where does it occur in the cell? Making a mRNA copy of DNA; occurs in nucleus
3. What is translation and where does it occur in the cell? Using the mRNA message to make proteins; occurs at the
ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm.
4. 3 nucleotides (nitrogen bases) = 1 codon = 1 amino acid
5. Given this DNA strand, find its (refer to Genetic Code chart on page 303):
G T A C A T C T T A A C G C A T A T
mRNA:
C A U G U A G A AU U GCG U A U A
amino acids:
tRNA:
His
Val
Glu
Leu
Arg
Iso
G U A C AU C U U A A C G CU U A U
6. Label the diagrams as either proteins, DNA or RNA.
DNA
mRNA
Proteins or Peptide Chain
7. In the diagram below, circle a phosphate group, circle a 5-carbon sugar, and name all the nitrogen bases present. Is this molecule
a DNA nucleotide or an RNA nucleotide?
This is a DNA nucleic acid, with Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T) nitrogen bases present.
Phosphate
5-Carbon Sugar or
Deoxyribose
8. Genes made of DNA contain information for assembling _____.
a. purines
b. proteins
c. pyrimidines
d. nucleosomes
9. Name the 3 types of gene mutations.
1.
Deletion
2.
Insertion
3.
Substitution
10. Are all mutations harmful? No
11. Can mutations lead to genetic variation? Yes
12. Name a genetic disorder caused by a gene mutation. Sickle Cell Anemia, Huntington’s Disease
13. Compare the following codon sequences: (6E)
GUG-UGA-CGC-UGU-CCA
And
GUG-UGA-CCG-CUG-UCC-A
Which mutation is being illustrated?
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. substitution
d. inversion
14. Which of the following shows a mutation that does not change the shape or the chemical nature of the protein so that it still
functions normally?
a. UGU to UGG
b. GCA to GAG
c. ACG to AGA
d. CGA to CGG
15. Label the following on the diagram below:
Mitochondrion, Chloroplast, Reactants for Photosynthesis, Products for Photosynthesis, Reactants for Cellular Respiration, and
Products for Cellular Respiration
Chloroplast
Reactants of Photosynthesis and
Products of Cell Respiration
Products of Photosynthesis and
Reactants of Cell Respiration
Mitochondrion
16. Review the structures of leaves and view the Figure 23-18, p 596. List functions of the following:
a. Guard cells form stoma; changes in their shape causes the opening and closing of stoma
b. Stoma where gas like CO2 to enters plants and O2 leaves plants
c. Phloem transports soluble organic molecules and nutrients made during photosynthesis
d. Xylem transport tissue of plants, which carries water