• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 25
Chapter 25

... organisms into increasingly broad taxonomic categories based on their similarities and differences with respect to a set of characteristics. Systematics is an analytical approach to understanding the diversity and relationships of living and extinct organisms based on similarities and differences an ...
Use of Entropy and Shrinkage method for Gene Expression Data
Use of Entropy and Shrinkage method for Gene Expression Data

... Shrunken value of entropy enters the estimation of mutual information which is calculated for all pairs of genes. Based on mutual information a gene association network is constructed so that a the value of mutual information, which crossed a certain threshold, leads to an indication of the relation ...
Dear Mr Wood
Dear Mr Wood

... The trial was officially closed down in 2008 where post monitoring of material at the site has been undertaken. Our Concerns: The concerns we have over this trial and the publication in the letter is that all the information gathered from Christian Walter is unpublished data. This data however canno ...
Systematics and Phylogeny
Systematics and Phylogeny

... states in the study group. It should be the group most closely related (on the basis of other lines of evidence) to the study group that is not actually part of the study group. ...
Climbing in the tree of life
Climbing in the tree of life

... The barb is allied to the carrier, but, instead of a very long beak, has a very short and very broad one. The pouter has a much elongated body, wings, and legs; a nd its enormously developed crop, which it glories in inflating, may well excite astonishment and even laughter. The turbit has a very sh ...
A Set of Tools Developed for the Analysis of Open Reading Frames
A Set of Tools Developed for the Analysis of Open Reading Frames

... These programs nd out the top ve hits of the FASTA analysis against each database, extract the top ve data and reformat the data to be readable by Excel (Microsoft corporation) on Macintosh. This program works on SUN workstation. ...
FPGA Power Reduction Using Configurable Dual-Vdd
FPGA Power Reduction Using Configurable Dual-Vdd

...  The current through each edge can be solved by using nodal analysis (NA) method .  The equations can be written in matrix form as Ax=b, where A is a positive definite diagonally dominant sparse matrix.  The equations can be solved efficiently. ...
CSCE590/822 Data Mining Principles and Applications
CSCE590/822 Data Mining Principles and Applications

... questions in microarray studies (e.g. identifying expression signatures of tumor types) are better addressed by other methods (classification, statistical tests).  Clustering algorithms are easy to apply (you cannot really do it wrong), and they are useful for exploratory analysis. But it is diffic ...
Presentation slides - ePublications@bond
Presentation slides - ePublications@bond

... for many traditional statistical methods • This ‘small n, large p’ problem has led to two main approaches to the analysis of this data: – Machine learning methods – Dimension reduction method ...
Comparison of Discrimination Methods for the
Comparison of Discrimination Methods for the

... drawing at random with replacement to form a perturbed learning sets of the same size as the original learning set ...
Search Methods
Search Methods

... attempts to replace the current solution by a random solution (chosen according to a candidate distribution, often constructed to sample from solutions near the current solution). The new solution may then be accepted with a probability that depends both on the difference between the corresponding f ...
Folie 1
Folie 1

... List Stability Indicator The List Stability Indicator [Jurman, 2008] Based on the algebraic theory of metrics on symmetric groups A list can be represented as an element of the permutation group Sp key concept: Canberra distance between two ranked lists (of equal length) Given a set of ranked gene ...
o Sequential K Means Algorithms
o Sequential K Means Algorithms

... The partitioning methods generally result in a set of M clusters, each object belonging to one cluster. Each cluster may be represented by a centroid or a cluster representative o T center is usually the arithmetic mean of the attribute vectors for all objects within a cluster o If the number of the ...
Evolutionary Computation and Data Mining
Evolutionary Computation and Data Mining

... Evolutionary computation has been successfully applied to many aspects of data mining. For example, as reported in the literature, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), and several evolutionary algorithms have been adopted to handle data clustering ...
of genome-wide association studies
of genome-wide association studies

... Analyses of data using PLINK software, including genetic models used for statistical analysis, covariates and adjustments, basic types of single-variant analyses, graphical representation of the output results ...
An Overview of Clustering Methods
An Overview of Clustering Methods

... • Above graph has three components (or clusters) • Algorithm to find them is very fast and simple ...
An Overview of Clustering Methods
An Overview of Clustering Methods

... • Above graph has three components (or clusters) • Algorithm to find them is very fast and simple ...
Outlier Detection - Department of Statistics | OSU: Statistics
Outlier Detection - Department of Statistics | OSU: Statistics

... because the tissue samples contain a mixture of cell types!!! ...
Tongue-Rolling Phenotypes
Tongue-Rolling Phenotypes

... materials and/or equipment used in the experiment. Emphasize how the methods accomplish the purpose given in the previous section. Focus on the determination of the phenotypes that are represented in your hypotheses, rather than all the traits tested. DO NOT write this section as a step-bystep gu ...
Hĺbková analýza údajov
Hĺbková analýza údajov

... Bayes´ theorem and regression analysis. As more data are gathered, with the amount of data doubling every three years, Data Mining is becoming an increasingly important tool to transform these data into information. Discoveries in computer science, enabled new methods like neural networks, clusterin ...
Proposal to change linear sequence of orders to place Galliformes
Proposal to change linear sequence of orders to place Galliformes

... Galliformes and Anseriformes after Tinamiformes Synopsis: An accumulating body of independent evidence indicates that the (1) the Galliformes and Anseriformes are sister taxa, and (2) they represent the earliest branch in the living class Aves after the palaeognaths. These two orders have traditiona ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... eye. Stretch the string tightly and mark, with your thumb nail, the point of the outer corner of the other eye. Measure the distance between the knot and thumb nail to the nearest millimeter. This measurement represents the distance between the 2 corners of your eyes. Have your partner measure the d ...
here
here

... freedom. Usually n is the difference in model parameters. I.e., how many parameters are used to describe the substitution process and the tree. In particular n can be the difference in branches between two trees (one tree is more resolved than the other). In principle, this test can only be applied ...
Biclustering of Expression Data
Biclustering of Expression Data

... The resulting δ-bicluster may still not be maximal because of two reasons: (1)Lemma 3 only gives a sufficient condition for adding rows and conditions (2)By adding rows and columns, the score may decrease to the ...
20 years and 22 papers with Bernard Moret
20 years and 22 papers with Bernard Moret

... • The state at the root is randomly drawn from {A,C,T,G} (nucleotides) • If a site (position) changes on an edge, it changes with equal probability to each of the remaining states. • The evolutionary process is Markovian. The different sites are assumed to evolve independently and identically down t ...
< 1 ... 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ... 28 >

Quantitative comparative linguistics

Statistical methods have been used in comparative linguistics since at least the 1950s (see Swadesh list). Since about the year 2000, there has been a renewed interest in the topic, based on the application of methods of computational phylogenetics and cladistics to define an optimal tree (or network) to represent a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry and perhaps its language contacts. The probability of relatedness of languages can be quantified and sometimes the proto-languages can be approximately dated.The topic came the attention of the popular press in 2003 after the publication of a short study on Indo-European in Nature (Gray and Atkinson 2003). A volume of articles on Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages was published in 2006 as the result of a conference held in Cambridge in 2004.A goal of comparative historical linguistics is to identify instances of genetic relatedness amongst languages. The steps in quantitative analysis are (i) to devise a procedure based on theoretical grounds, on a particular model or on past experience, etc. (ii) to verify the procedure by applying it to some data where there exists a large body of linguistic opinion for comparison (this may lead to a revision of the procedure of stage (i) or at the extreme of its total abandonment) (iii) to apply the procedure to data where linguistic opinions have not yet been produced, have not yet been firmly established or perhaps are even in conflict.Applying phylogenetic methods to languages is a multi-stage process (a) the encoding stage - getting from real languages to some expression of the relationships between them in the form of numerical or state data, so that those data can then be used as input to phylogenetic methods (b) the representation stage - applying phylogenetic methods to extract from those numerical and/or state data a signal that is converted into some useful form of representation, usually two dimensional graphical ones such as trees or networks, which synthesise and ""collapse"" what are often highly complex multi dimensional relationships in the signal (c) the interpretation stage - assessing those tree and network representations to extract from them what they actually mean for real languages and their relationships through time.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report