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Phylogeny of the Primates
Phylogeny of the Primates

... As promised, you are going to get your chance to create a phylogenetic tree from some molecular clock data. We are going to give you some mutation differences in DNA. This is just like the bird phylogeny we did. Below is a table of REAL data. This date represents difference in DNA. It is obtained by ...
Using HIV Data Sets for Inquiry
Using HIV Data Sets for Inquiry

... Split decomposition is one method for testing a tree. Under this procedure, we choose exactly four taxa (A, B, C, D) and examine the topologies of all possible unrooted trees. How many such trees are there? ...
Document
Document

... Two brief categories of investigation Ethnographic Comparative Each one has two parts Present Recent past ...
3000_2013_1e
3000_2013_1e

... DNA-based characters work the same (idea is there may be more independence, and more of them) ...
Lecture5
Lecture5

... Bootstrapping phylogenies Characters are resampled with replacement to create many bootstrap replicate data sets  Each bootstrap replicate data set is analysed (e.g. with parsimony, distance, ML etc.)  Agreement among the resulting trees is summarized with a majority-rule consensus tree  Frequen ...
Inferring genetic regulatory logic from expression data
Inferring genetic regulatory logic from expression data

... System and methods ...
A method for paralogy trees reconstruction
A method for paralogy trees reconstruction

... Genes belonging to the same organism are called paralogs when they show a significant similarity in the sequences, even if they have a different biological function. It is an emergent biological paradigm that the families of paralogs derive from a mechanism of gene duplication with modification, rep ...
BlueJam Evolutionary Music Composition
BlueJam Evolutionary Music Composition

... Genetic Programming (GP) and Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have produced human-competitive results when applied to problems of all kinds. Their approach to problem solving can be described as a search through the space of possible solutions. In 1992, Koza brought Tree-based GP to prominence, and it h ...
Step 3. Construction of the phylogenetic tree Distance methods
Step 3. Construction of the phylogenetic tree Distance methods

... the probability increases that more than one mutation has occured at any one site. ...
A Large Margin Method for Semi
A Large Margin Method for Semi

... labeled data. This imposes a great challenge in that the class probability given input can not be well estimated through labeled data alone. In this talk, I will present a large margin semisupervised method based on an efficient margin loss for unlabeled data. This loss seeks extracting the maximum ...
Language Trees
Language Trees

... Each edge represents an entry in our cognate-percentage matrix. They are color-coded by percentage similarity. ...
PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS
PHYLOGENETIC NETWORKS

... – UT CS: Tandy Warnow, Luay Nakhleh – UT BIO: Randy Linder – UNM CS: Bernard Moret ...
Day6
Day6

... Pairwise distance and neighbor joining are distance methods. • There are two main categories of phylogeny methods, distance methods and character methods. In distance methods, the first step is to calculate a matrix of all pairwise differences between a set of sequences. Next, the tree is construct ...
601323 Data Mining
601323 Data Mining

... ...
“Statistical Dissection of Gene-environment Interactions: A Semi-Parametric Perspective” Yuehua Cui
“Statistical Dissection of Gene-environment Interactions: A Semi-Parametric Perspective” Yuehua Cui

... Michigan State University ...
Creating Phylogenetic Trees with MEGA
Creating Phylogenetic Trees with MEGA

... – At each site, the likelihood is determined by evaluating the  probability that a certain evolutionary model (eg. BLOSSUM or  PAM matrices) has generated the observed data.  – The likelihood’s for each site are then multiplied to provide  likelihood for each tree – Choose the tree with maximum like ...
AbstractSEE
AbstractSEE

... involves two different data types (for instance, GWAS and expression data, as in eQTL analyses). The availability of more than 2 omics data types derived from the same set of individuals is rare. And when these exist, several technical and statistical hurdles need to be taken to ensure optimal power ...
A Phase Transition in Molecular Evolution with Applications to the Assembly of the Tree of Life
A Phase Transition in Molecular Evolution with Applications to the Assembly of the Tree of Life

... of the massive data sets produced in current evolutionary studies. In particular, the estimation of evolutionary trees on increasingly large scales has prompted the development of novel reconstruction methods. An important issue in this context is the fundamental trade-off between statistical accura ...
Introduction to Phylogenetics - Lectures For UG-5
Introduction to Phylogenetics - Lectures For UG-5

... Making trees using character-based methods The main idea of character based methods is to search for a tree that requires the smallest number of evolutionary changes to explain the differences among the OTUs under study. ...
Phylogenetic - Nematode bioinformatics. Analysis tools and data
Phylogenetic - Nematode bioinformatics. Analysis tools and data

... Mitochondrial DNA, most nuclear DNAencoded genes, and DNA/DNA hybridization all show that bonobos and chimpanzees are related more closely to humans than either are to gorillas. ...
CIPRES.2006.algorthms_sr
CIPRES.2006.algorthms_sr

... • Breakthrough: Optimal logarithmic sequence length tree reconstruction (Daskalakis, Mossel, Roch 05). Simplified version (Mihaescu et al. 06). Preliminary Implementation [Adkins et al.]. ...
m12-comparative_genomics
m12-comparative_genomics

...  Organize a collection of modern-day sequences according to their evolutionary history  Distance-based methods operate on a table of pairwise distances between sequences o UPGMA: ~agglomerative clustering; naïve method for tree-building; assumes a molecular clock (all branches changing at the same ...
tree
tree

... A tree is a connected, acyclic 2D graph Leaf: Taxon Node: Vertex Branch: Edge Tree length = sum of all branch lengths Phylogenetic trees are binary trees ...
Genealogical Trees,Coalescent Theory and the Analysis of Genetic
Genealogical Trees,Coalescent Theory and the Analysis of Genetic

... N. Rosenberg and M. Nordborg ...
< 1 ... 24 25 26 27 28

Quantitative comparative linguistics

Statistical methods have been used in comparative linguistics since at least the 1950s (see Swadesh list). Since about the year 2000, there has been a renewed interest in the topic, based on the application of methods of computational phylogenetics and cladistics to define an optimal tree (or network) to represent a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry and perhaps its language contacts. The probability of relatedness of languages can be quantified and sometimes the proto-languages can be approximately dated.The topic came the attention of the popular press in 2003 after the publication of a short study on Indo-European in Nature (Gray and Atkinson 2003). A volume of articles on Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages was published in 2006 as the result of a conference held in Cambridge in 2004.A goal of comparative historical linguistics is to identify instances of genetic relatedness amongst languages. The steps in quantitative analysis are (i) to devise a procedure based on theoretical grounds, on a particular model or on past experience, etc. (ii) to verify the procedure by applying it to some data where there exists a large body of linguistic opinion for comparison (this may lead to a revision of the procedure of stage (i) or at the extreme of its total abandonment) (iii) to apply the procedure to data where linguistic opinions have not yet been produced, have not yet been firmly established or perhaps are even in conflict.Applying phylogenetic methods to languages is a multi-stage process (a) the encoding stage - getting from real languages to some expression of the relationships between them in the form of numerical or state data, so that those data can then be used as input to phylogenetic methods (b) the representation stage - applying phylogenetic methods to extract from those numerical and/or state data a signal that is converted into some useful form of representation, usually two dimensional graphical ones such as trees or networks, which synthesise and ""collapse"" what are often highly complex multi dimensional relationships in the signal (c) the interpretation stage - assessing those tree and network representations to extract from them what they actually mean for real languages and their relationships through time.
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