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Laboratory Diagnostics for Plant Pathogens of Regulatory Concern
Laboratory Diagnostics for Plant Pathogens of Regulatory Concern

... o ISO/IEC 17025 requires that all tests either be standard methods, that contain the following information, or be non-standard methods, that shall be subject to agreement with the client. The laboratory shall also have a clear specification of the client’s requirements and use tests that have been v ...
RHdb: the Radiation Hybrid database
RHdb: the Radiation Hybrid database

... The radiation hybrid mapping technique (1,2) is a method for ordering markers along a chromosome, and gives estimates of physical distances between them. Radiation hybrids are produced by fusing irradiated donor cells with recipient rodent cells. These hybrid cell lines are grouped in so-called pane ...
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Clustering Gene Expression Data: The Good, The Bad, and
Clustering Gene Expression Data: The Good, The Bad, and

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Bioinformatics for Microarray Studies
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...  Incorporating EC number, GO number and other related data from the best BLAST matched results  Integrate all required data from various files and generate the master table  checking ...
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... types of events and associating each of these events with a cost inversely related to the likelihood of the event. Because many other workers do not believe in deriving parsimony methods from models with events, I have called my approach “event-based parsimony”. In my view, however, event-based pars ...
Molecular Biology & Formal Modeling
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Basic Phylogenetics and Tree Building
Basic Phylogenetics and Tree Building

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15.16 Shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees
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Phylogenomics: improving functional predictions for uncharacterized
Phylogenomics: improving functional predictions for uncharacterized

... genes and gene functions evolve. For example, gene duplication and subsequent divergence of function of the duplicates can result in homologs with different functions being present within one species. Specific terms have been created to distinguish homologs in these cases (Table 2): Genes of the sam ...
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Biomarkers for Vitamins and Minerals
Biomarkers for Vitamins and Minerals

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Cladogram Activity
Cladogram Activity

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... inferred to share a common ancestor to the exclusion of a third taxon if they exhibit derived character states that are not also exhibited by the third taxon. In its simplest form, cladistic analysis proceeds via four steps. First, a characterstate data matrix is generated. This shows the states of ...
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Slide 1

... - Evaluate the parents through the performance of the progenies. - eliminate the E effect by giving the same environment Genetic value is express in term of Combining ability General Combining Ability (GCA) – the average performance of the progeny of individual when it is mated to a number of other ...
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Quantitative comparative linguistics

Statistical methods have been used in comparative linguistics since at least the 1950s (see Swadesh list). Since about the year 2000, there has been a renewed interest in the topic, based on the application of methods of computational phylogenetics and cladistics to define an optimal tree (or network) to represent a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry and perhaps its language contacts. The probability of relatedness of languages can be quantified and sometimes the proto-languages can be approximately dated.The topic came the attention of the popular press in 2003 after the publication of a short study on Indo-European in Nature (Gray and Atkinson 2003). A volume of articles on Phylogenetic Methods and the Prehistory of Languages was published in 2006 as the result of a conference held in Cambridge in 2004.A goal of comparative historical linguistics is to identify instances of genetic relatedness amongst languages. The steps in quantitative analysis are (i) to devise a procedure based on theoretical grounds, on a particular model or on past experience, etc. (ii) to verify the procedure by applying it to some data where there exists a large body of linguistic opinion for comparison (this may lead to a revision of the procedure of stage (i) or at the extreme of its total abandonment) (iii) to apply the procedure to data where linguistic opinions have not yet been produced, have not yet been firmly established or perhaps are even in conflict.Applying phylogenetic methods to languages is a multi-stage process (a) the encoding stage - getting from real languages to some expression of the relationships between them in the form of numerical or state data, so that those data can then be used as input to phylogenetic methods (b) the representation stage - applying phylogenetic methods to extract from those numerical and/or state data a signal that is converted into some useful form of representation, usually two dimensional graphical ones such as trees or networks, which synthesise and ""collapse"" what are often highly complex multi dimensional relationships in the signal (c) the interpretation stage - assessing those tree and network representations to extract from them what they actually mean for real languages and their relationships through time.
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