Chapter 2 – Atoms and Elements - U of L Class Index
... An orbital is a wavefunction. The pictures we draw of orbitals show regions in which an electron is most likely to be found. They do not show its path around the nucleus. Ψ2 (the amplitude of the wavelength squared) expresses the probability of finding an electron within a given region of space. Th ...
... An orbital is a wavefunction. The pictures we draw of orbitals show regions in which an electron is most likely to be found. They do not show its path around the nucleus. Ψ2 (the amplitude of the wavelength squared) expresses the probability of finding an electron within a given region of space. Th ...
1. All matter is made up of
... 10. A substance made up of two or more elements that have been physcially combined is a ____________ ...
... 10. A substance made up of two or more elements that have been physcially combined is a ____________ ...
I. Waves & Particles
... B. Bohr Model 2) e- exist only in orbits with specific amounts of energy called energy levels When e- are in these orbitals, they have fixed energy Energy of e- are higher when they are further from the nucleus ...
... B. Bohr Model 2) e- exist only in orbits with specific amounts of energy called energy levels When e- are in these orbitals, they have fixed energy Energy of e- are higher when they are further from the nucleus ...
Electrons in Atoms
... Energy level is the distance from the nucleus where the electron is most likely to be moving. Energy levels are in designated quantum numbers (n). n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7... • A Quantum number is equal to the period • Higher the quantum number, the greater average distance from the nucleus ...
... Energy level is the distance from the nucleus where the electron is most likely to be moving. Energy levels are in designated quantum numbers (n). n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7... • A Quantum number is equal to the period • Higher the quantum number, the greater average distance from the nucleus ...
εn = ε KE + ε PE = ε PE ε PE = ε PE (1 )
... REPULSION which will occur when 2 electrons are placed in the SAME SPATIAL ORBITAL -- such REPULSION would RAISE the energy of the atom This result is summarised in HUND'S RULE: Other things being equal, THE STATE OF LOWEST ENERGY corresponds to the MAXIMUM NUMBER OF UNPAIRED, PARALLEL SPINS Thus th ...
... REPULSION which will occur when 2 electrons are placed in the SAME SPATIAL ORBITAL -- such REPULSION would RAISE the energy of the atom This result is summarised in HUND'S RULE: Other things being equal, THE STATE OF LOWEST ENERGY corresponds to the MAXIMUM NUMBER OF UNPAIRED, PARALLEL SPINS Thus th ...
IO-IY
... and quantum both give the same value for the energy of the nth state. However, they do not give the same value for the orbital angular momentum L. (a) For n = I, determine the values of L [in units of h/(27T)] predicted by the Bohr model and quantum mechanics. (b) Repeat part (a) for n = 3, noting t ...
... and quantum both give the same value for the energy of the nth state. However, they do not give the same value for the orbital angular momentum L. (a) For n = I, determine the values of L [in units of h/(27T)] predicted by the Bohr model and quantum mechanics. (b) Repeat part (a) for n = 3, noting t ...
Decoherence: Phases washed out or smeared recoil drift
... free – see Eq. (4). This is a rather serious limitation, however, since in some interferometers more gratings follow the spontaneous emission further downstream, see e.g. [5]. In that case the atoms are redirected and our simple description breaks down. Yet, in cases where the atoms are allowed to t ...
... free – see Eq. (4). This is a rather serious limitation, however, since in some interferometers more gratings follow the spontaneous emission further downstream, see e.g. [5]. In that case the atoms are redirected and our simple description breaks down. Yet, in cases where the atoms are allowed to t ...
Practice MSL Multiple Choice 1. Compared to the charge and mass
... 2. When alpha particles are used to bombard gold foil, most of the alpha particles pass through undeflected. This result indicates that most of the volume of a gold atom consists of ____. a. b. c. d. ...
... 2. When alpha particles are used to bombard gold foil, most of the alpha particles pass through undeflected. This result indicates that most of the volume of a gold atom consists of ____. a. b. c. d. ...
Electrons as waves
... • De Broglie pointed out that in many ways the behavior of the Bohr’s quantized electron orbits was similar to the known behavior of waves. • Electrons should be thought of as having a dual wave-particle nature also. ...
... • De Broglie pointed out that in many ways the behavior of the Bohr’s quantized electron orbits was similar to the known behavior of waves. • Electrons should be thought of as having a dual wave-particle nature also. ...
PHE-09 (2007
... Please follow the above format strictly to facilitate evaluation and to avoid delay. 2) Use only foolscap size writing paper (but not of very thin variety) for writing your answers. 3) Leave 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet. 4) Your answers should be precise. 5) While sol ...
... Please follow the above format strictly to facilitate evaluation and to avoid delay. 2) Use only foolscap size writing paper (but not of very thin variety) for writing your answers. 3) Leave 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet. 4) Your answers should be precise. 5) While sol ...
6.1 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, and COMPOUNDS
... by covalent bonds. • Can be a single, double, or triple bond depending on number of pairs of electrons shared. 2_____________________—forms when atom gives up electrons and another receives electrons in order to become stable • Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of ...
... by covalent bonds. • Can be a single, double, or triple bond depending on number of pairs of electrons shared. 2_____________________—forms when atom gives up electrons and another receives electrons in order to become stable • Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 023601 (2009).
... TPE spectra requires summation over all system states, which span the virtual state. The energy of each individual photon of the pair is not determined, while the pair as a whole conserves the transition energy. The spectrum of TPE is therefore very broad and continuous [1]. TPE is of great importan ...
... TPE spectra requires summation over all system states, which span the virtual state. The energy of each individual photon of the pair is not determined, while the pair as a whole conserves the transition energy. The spectrum of TPE is therefore very broad and continuous [1]. TPE is of great importan ...
Electrons BellwoodNotes
... Light – as a Wave (How do we know this?) Can interfere with itself (two waves crash together and cancel each other out) ...
... Light – as a Wave (How do we know this?) Can interfere with itself (two waves crash together and cancel each other out) ...
Lecture 25: Optical Instruments
... (a) What must the resolving power of a grating be to distinguish these wavelengths? R ...
... (a) What must the resolving power of a grating be to distinguish these wavelengths? R ...
OPTI 511R, Spring 2015 Problem Set 10 Prof. E. M. Wright Due
... Recall that in a homogeneously broadened CW laser operating under ideal conditions, lasing will occur for a single axial mode (also referred to as longitudinal modes). However, also recall that for each axial mode number q, there are two independent axial modes having orthogonal electric field polar ...
... Recall that in a homogeneously broadened CW laser operating under ideal conditions, lasing will occur for a single axial mode (also referred to as longitudinal modes). However, also recall that for each axial mode number q, there are two independent axial modes having orthogonal electric field polar ...
Photon pairs with coherence time exceeding 1 μs
... longitudinal length L 1.5 cm and a temperature of 100 μK. The experiment is run periodically with 4.5 ms MOT time followed by 0.5 ms biphoton generation time in each cycle. At end of the MOT time, the trapping and repumping lasers (not shown in Fig. 1) are switched off and all the atoms are optica ...
... longitudinal length L 1.5 cm and a temperature of 100 μK. The experiment is run periodically with 4.5 ms MOT time followed by 0.5 ms biphoton generation time in each cycle. At end of the MOT time, the trapping and repumping lasers (not shown in Fig. 1) are switched off and all the atoms are optica ...
Introduction to Nanoscience
... Light sources and light detectors can be made very small; a single molecule is large enough to serve as a simple light source or light detector. However, the amplitude of a light wave cannot change over a distance much shorter than the wavelength of the light. This means that if detectors are placed ...
... Light sources and light detectors can be made very small; a single molecule is large enough to serve as a simple light source or light detector. However, the amplitude of a light wave cannot change over a distance much shorter than the wavelength of the light. This means that if detectors are placed ...
Aeroengine exhaust emissions monitoring
... White cell systems have been set up to obtain multiple passes through the plume to enhance absorption or emission intensities so that trace quantities may be detected. Figure 3 shows typical absorption and emission spectra from gas turbine engine exhausts. CO lines are observed between 2000-2200 cm- ...
... White cell systems have been set up to obtain multiple passes through the plume to enhance absorption or emission intensities so that trace quantities may be detected. Figure 3 shows typical absorption and emission spectra from gas turbine engine exhausts. CO lines are observed between 2000-2200 cm- ...
EBSD SEM TEM
... general rule is to initiate the examination of the sample with the lowest possible intensity. There are different kinds of radiation sources. The lowest intensity is obtained by using low energy photons. To obtain more information the source energy may be increased by using X-rays. Electrons have an ...
... general rule is to initiate the examination of the sample with the lowest possible intensity. There are different kinds of radiation sources. The lowest intensity is obtained by using low energy photons. To obtain more information the source energy may be increased by using X-rays. Electrons have an ...
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.