Download Unit 2: Atoms and Ions Homework Booklet

Knox Academy
S3 Chemistry
Unit 2: Atoms and Ions
Homework Booklet
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THIS BOOKLET
1 Home
ework 2.1 Lesso
ons 1 & 2
1.
In the Ruth
herford sscatterin
ng exper
riment a tthin piec
ce of
gold foil wa
as hit by a stream
m of positive partticles. He
e
me surpriising results:notticed som
a. Mo
ost of the particles went straightt through
h the
foiil and
b. A few
f
were
e strongly deflected with
h a smalle
er
num
mber bouuncing sttraight back.
Explain the
ese 3 obsservation
ns.
(3))
2.
3.
Above
e is a Ruttherford picture of a neutral atom
m.
a) Na
ame the element..
b) What
W
is its
s atomic number?
?
c) Why
W do we
e say thaat this attom is ele
ectricallyy neutral?
(3))
Copy and complete the following
g table:-
me of Parrticle
Nam
Proton
Ch
harge
Where
W
itss Found
In the
t nucleeus
-1
(6))
2 Oxyg
gen has 8 neutronns.
a. Draw
w a label led Ruth
herford diagram
d
oof one attom of
oxyg
gen.
b. Labe
el the nucleus and
d the ele
ectrons.
c. Wha
at is betw
ween the
e nucleus
s and thee electron
ns?
(5))
4.
5.
a.
b.
c.
e the elem
ment whiich has an
a atomicc numberr of 35.
Name
Name
e the elem
ment whiich has atoms
a
conntaining 20
protons.
m
elecctrons does each
h atom in b) have?
?
How many
(3))
Home
ework 2.2 Lesso
ons 3 & 4
1.
Use nuclide
e notatio n to draw
w the sym
mbols foor
a) nittrogen with 7 neuutrons.
b) Bro
omine witth 44 ne
eutrons
c) Tin
n with 68
8 neutronns
(3))
2.
e
The followiing questtions refer to the
iso
otope sho
own.
ura
anium
a) Wh
hat is its
s mass nuumber?
b) Ho
ow many neutrons
n
s are in each
e
atom
m?
c) Wh
hy is the atomic m
mass of Uranium 238.028
89 and no
ot
exa
actly 238
8 amu?
(3))
3.
Cop
py and co
omplete the follo
owing tab
ble. Use a periodic
tab
ble to he
elp you.
3 Symbol
37
Name of
Element
Number of Number of Number of
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Cl
17
11
12
Tin
69
(5)
4.
Draw a diagram showing the electron energy levels of
Potassium. Mark on the diagram the highest energy level and
the lowest energy level.
(3)
5.
Draw diagrams to show the electron arrangement in:a) Helium
b) Chlorine
c) Magnesium
(3)
6.
What is the mass of:a) a proton
b) a neutron
c) an electron
(3)
Homework 2.3 Lessons 5 & 6
1.
Draw the outer electron diagram for:a)
Helium
b) oxygen
c) sodium
d)
Sulphur
e) potassium
(5)
2.
a.
b.
How many outer electrons do the elements in group
7 have?
What effect does this have on the chemical
properties of these elements?
(2)
4 3.
a.
b.
c.
What are the 2 types of bonding in compounds
called?
How can we tell which type of bonding a compound
has?
State whether the following compounds are ionic or
covalent.
i) sulphur dioxide
ii) sodium fluoride
(6)
4.
Describe electrical conduction.
(1)
5.
What is the rule to tell which
a)
ionic compounds conduct and
b)
which covalent compounds conduct?
(2)
6.
British coins are Alloys. A20p coin contains copper
(84%) and nickel (16%), a 50p coin contains copper (75%)
and nickel (25%) and a £1 coin contains copper (70%),
nickel (5.5%) and zinc (24.5%).
Present this information in the form of a table.
(4)
Homework 2.4 Lessons 7 & 8
1.
2.
a.
Draw the target picture showing the electron
energy levels for magnesium and oxygen.
b.
Draw the target pictures showing the electron
energy levels for a magnesium ion and an oxide ion.
(4)
Which noble gas has the same electron arrangement as:a) The sulphide ion
5 b) The iodide ion
c) The calcium ion
d) The aluminium ion?
(4)
3.
What charge do a) metal ions have and b) non metal ions
have?
(2)
4.
Draw a sectional diagram of how you would test a solution
to see if it conducted electricity or not.
(2)
5.
Which type of solution does conduct electricity? (1)
6.
Describe the conductivity of water as an ionic solution is
gradually added to the water.
(1)
7.
Covalent bonds hold the atoms in methane together.
a.
b.
c.
What is a covalent bond?
(1)
Draw a diagram of the bonding in hydrogen sulphide.
(3)
How can you tell if the bonding in a substance is
covalent?
(2)
Homework 2.5 Lessons 9 & 10
1. What elements has:
a. Atomic number twenty-one
b. Seven protons
c. Eighteen electrons in one neutral atom
d. Two elements which have the same
electronarrangement as argon in their ions?
(only 2 examples necessary)
(5)
2. a. What is electrolysis?
(1)
6 b. When zinc iodide is electrolysed what do you observe?
(4)
c. Name the products.
(1)
d. What ion is being oxidised and what ion is being reduced?
(2)
e. Why can ionic solutions be electrolysed and covalent
solutions not be electrolysed?
(2)
3. Read the following passage and list the raw materials and
their products in the form of a table.
It’s quite surprising what chemists do! They make useful
substances like soaps and bleach from raw materials such
as sea water. Crude oil which is a sticky black mixture,
can be manufactured into lubricating oils, plastics and
even petrol.
Another fuel ,coal, can be changed into coke which, when
mixed with iron ore and heated results in the production
of iron and steel.
Even seemingly useless materials such as sand can be
changed by these amazing chemists into clear coloured or
colourless glass! It’s surprising what these chemists can
do.
(5)
Homework 2.6
Lessons 10 & 11
1. Calcium oxide is made by burning calcium in air.
a. What type of solution is formed when it is dissolved in
water?
(1)
b. What colour would Universal indicator turn when added to
this solution?
(1)
c. What pH does this indicate?
(1)
7 d. What other oxide would turn Universal indicator this
colour?
(1)
2. Yellow sulphur burns to form a gas.
a. What is this gas called?
(1)
b. When the gas is shaken with water does the gas dissolve and
if so what is the pH of the resulting solution?
(2)
c. When coal is burned a gas is given off that is weakly soluble
in water. What is the gas and what is formed when it
dissolves in water?
(2)
3. a.
Acids are used in Chemistry laboratories every day. It is
important to know their formulae. Name 3 acids you have
used in Chemistry and write the correct formula for
each.
(3)
b.
Are these acids ionic or covalent?
(1)
c.
What property could you use to distinguish between ionic
and covalent solutions?
(1)
4. a. What ion is present in all acidic solutions?
(1)
b. Why does sulphuric acid have more ions than hydrochloric
acid when they are both the same concentration? (1)
5. Why does burning coal lead to acid rain?
(2)
6. Why is it necessary for some countries to add calcium oxide to
their lakes?
(2)
8 Homework
2.7
Lesson 12
1. Draw a diagram showing the electron arrangement of the ions
in hydrochloric acid.
(2)
2. a.
b.
What ion is present in all acids?
Write its symbol showing state symbols.
3. a.
b.
What is electrolysis?
(1)
When acids are electrolysed the same element is always
formed at one of the electrodes. What is this element
and which electrode is it collected at?
(2)
4. a.
When hydrochloric acid is electrolysed what is formed at
the positive electrode?
(1)
Is this an oxidation or a reduction?
(1)
b.
(1)
(1)
5. Draw a sectional diagram showing the electrolysis of
Hydrochloric Acid. Include labels, word equations and ion
equations to show what is happening at each electrode. (6)
9 Infformatio
on taken for
f SQA
A data bo
ooklet for Standaard Grade and
Inttermedia
ate 2 Che
emistry – 2007 edition.
10 Info
ormation tak
ken for SQA
A data book let for Stan
ndard Grade
e and Interm
mediate 2 Ch
hemistry
– 20
007 edition.
11