Cytokine and Chemokine Gene Expression after Primary and
... tions per time point, and the duration of study. With the exception of IL-10, the expression of which did not begin until postinfection day 2, all the remaining genes examined (GRO, IFN-a, IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1b, RANTES, and TNF-a) showed increased expression within 24 h of infection. Suc ...
... tions per time point, and the duration of study. With the exception of IL-10, the expression of which did not begin until postinfection day 2, all the remaining genes examined (GRO, IFN-a, IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1b, RANTES, and TNF-a) showed increased expression within 24 h of infection. Suc ...
Rapid diagnostic (LFD) and ELISA for detection of non
... importance, affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs, goats and sheep. It is estimated that the annual direct economic loss due to FMD in India is around Rs. 20,000 crores. The Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India has initiated FMD control program ...
... importance, affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs, goats and sheep. It is estimated that the annual direct economic loss due to FMD in India is around Rs. 20,000 crores. The Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India has initiated FMD control program ...
exposure to varicella - Vanderbilt University
... faculty/staff member’s immunity status by accessing results from a computer database and from medical records if necessary. If the faculty/staff member is immune, no further action will be taken. If the faculty/staff member is not immune, that person and the person’s manager will be notified that th ...
... faculty/staff member’s immunity status by accessing results from a computer database and from medical records if necessary. If the faculty/staff member is immune, no further action will be taken. If the faculty/staff member is not immune, that person and the person’s manager will be notified that th ...
Rhabdoviruses1.81 MB
... messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and a full-length (+) RNA template. 4, Proteins are translated from the mRNAs, including one glycoprotein (G), which is co-translationally glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), processed in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the cell membrane. 5, The genome is rep ...
... messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and a full-length (+) RNA template. 4, Proteins are translated from the mRNAs, including one glycoprotein (G), which is co-translationally glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), processed in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the cell membrane. 5, The genome is rep ...
5 - Durham University Community
... This information and MSDS for a wide range of human pathogens and other associated agents have been collated and produced by the University Biological Safety Officer using materials and sources on the The Office of Laboratory Security (OLS) within the Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response ( ...
... This information and MSDS for a wide range of human pathogens and other associated agents have been collated and produced by the University Biological Safety Officer using materials and sources on the The Office of Laboratory Security (OLS) within the Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response ( ...
Viruses of Humans
... tract disease in humans Most children are seropositive by the age of 5 years 2 genetic clusters of hMPV that may represent different serotypes ...
... tract disease in humans Most children are seropositive by the age of 5 years 2 genetic clusters of hMPV that may represent different serotypes ...
Control of Streptococcus pyogenes in the hospital environment (6.2
... ”It is the nursing and medical staff who carry the microbe from an infected woman to a healthy one…. This water, this sponge, this lint with which you wash or cover a wound, may deposit germs which have the power of multiplying rapidly within the tissue.... If I had the honour of being a surgeon.... ...
... ”It is the nursing and medical staff who carry the microbe from an infected woman to a healthy one…. This water, this sponge, this lint with which you wash or cover a wound, may deposit germs which have the power of multiplying rapidly within the tissue.... If I had the honour of being a surgeon.... ...
Infectious diseases
... Noninfectious Diseases • Noninfectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogens in the body. • They are not spread from organism to organism. • These diseases are caused by malfunctions in body systems that are either inherited or caused by environmental factors. ...
... Noninfectious Diseases • Noninfectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogens in the body. • They are not spread from organism to organism. • These diseases are caused by malfunctions in body systems that are either inherited or caused by environmental factors. ...
west nile virus and homeopathy
... virus to run its course. Homeopathic medicines work on an entirely different principle; it doesn’t interfere with the natural immune response but works alongside it by enhancing one’s ability to fight an infection, thus making a person more able to effectively destroy a virus. Homeopathic medicine i ...
... virus to run its course. Homeopathic medicines work on an entirely different principle; it doesn’t interfere with the natural immune response but works alongside it by enhancing one’s ability to fight an infection, thus making a person more able to effectively destroy a virus. Homeopathic medicine i ...
Role of host genetic factors in susceptibility to group A streptococcal
... quantified in the livers and spleens. A significantly higher number of bacteria was found in the organs of CBA, C3H/HeN and A/J than in the organs of DBA/2 and BALB/c mice. Discussion Epidemiological evidences indicated that host genetic factors might be critical on determining the outcome of GAS in ...
... quantified in the livers and spleens. A significantly higher number of bacteria was found in the organs of CBA, C3H/HeN and A/J than in the organs of DBA/2 and BALB/c mice. Discussion Epidemiological evidences indicated that host genetic factors might be critical on determining the outcome of GAS in ...
8th grade -Quiz 2 Study Guide- Vocabulary (A word bank will be
... Communicable/infectious Non-Communicable/Non-infectious Infection Parasitic Organism Bacteria ...
... Communicable/infectious Non-Communicable/Non-infectious Infection Parasitic Organism Bacteria ...
Measles
... prodrome 1-2 days and consisting of fever, headache, and vomiting. Parotitis then appears and may be unilateral ,then becomes bilateral in about 70% of cases .The parotid gland is tender, and may be accompanied by ear pain on the ipsilateral side. Sour foods or liquids may enhance pain in the paroti ...
... prodrome 1-2 days and consisting of fever, headache, and vomiting. Parotitis then appears and may be unilateral ,then becomes bilateral in about 70% of cases .The parotid gland is tender, and may be accompanied by ear pain on the ipsilateral side. Sour foods or liquids may enhance pain in the paroti ...
Microorganisms and Disease
... Infections and Diseases (cont’d) • communicable diseases: “a disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another” • endemic: “disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low mortality” • epidemic: “appearance of an infectious disease or conditi ...
... Infections and Diseases (cont’d) • communicable diseases: “a disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another” • endemic: “disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low mortality” • epidemic: “appearance of an infectious disease or conditi ...
Section: 2-1
... 1. CDI can range from uncomplicated diarrhea to sepsis and even death. 2. C. difficile is a spore forming bacteria. 3. C. difficile is shed in feces. Any surface, device or material that becomes contaminated with feces may serve as a reservoir for the C.difficile spore. 4. C. difficile transmission ...
... 1. CDI can range from uncomplicated diarrhea to sepsis and even death. 2. C. difficile is a spore forming bacteria. 3. C. difficile is shed in feces. Any surface, device or material that becomes contaminated with feces may serve as a reservoir for the C.difficile spore. 4. C. difficile transmission ...
sites/default/files/Tale of Two Squirrels - How vaccination
... rubbed the pus into scratches on the arm of the son of his gardener. The boy soon recovered from the mild infection. Six weeks later Jenner infected the boy with the smallpox virus. Just as Jenner expected and no doubt much to the relief of the boy’s family, he did not become ill with smallpox. Jenn ...
... rubbed the pus into scratches on the arm of the son of his gardener. The boy soon recovered from the mild infection. Six weeks later Jenner infected the boy with the smallpox virus. Just as Jenner expected and no doubt much to the relief of the boy’s family, he did not become ill with smallpox. Jenn ...
Bloodborne Pathogens
... cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood ...
... cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood ...
Mad Cow Disease – a degenerative neurological
... Golgi apparatus - a membrane bound structure found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells which functions in protein synthesis. habitat - the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome - transmitted by exposure to rodent excrement via ...
... Golgi apparatus - a membrane bound structure found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells which functions in protein synthesis. habitat - the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome - transmitted by exposure to rodent excrement via ...
SURGICAL INFECTIONS
... responses. In AIDS, helper T-cells are diminished. 2) Humoral immunity: Plasma cells (derived from B-lymphocytes) synthesize immunoglobulins (Ig) which have antigen memory. IgM is early responder; IgG is late + secondary responder. Secretory IgA resides in mucous membranes. Only IgG is opsonic but I ...
... responses. In AIDS, helper T-cells are diminished. 2) Humoral immunity: Plasma cells (derived from B-lymphocytes) synthesize immunoglobulins (Ig) which have antigen memory. IgM is early responder; IgG is late + secondary responder. Secretory IgA resides in mucous membranes. Only IgG is opsonic but I ...
Viral Pathogens
... • Probablility of illness from infection: high (>50%) for many enteric viruses – Varies with age of host and with type of virus: • Some: high rates of illness in infants and children • Others: high rates of illness in adults – Varies with health status: “sensitive populations” • Elderly: high risk o ...
... • Probablility of illness from infection: high (>50%) for many enteric viruses – Varies with age of host and with type of virus: • Some: high rates of illness in infants and children • Others: high rates of illness in adults – Varies with health status: “sensitive populations” • Elderly: high risk o ...
REPLICATION OF THE VIRUS
... viruses have specifically shaped attachment proteins each virus infects only certain types of cells – most are species specific • Smallpox, polio, measles—affects only humans ...
... viruses have specifically shaped attachment proteins each virus infects only certain types of cells – most are species specific • Smallpox, polio, measles—affects only humans ...
DECISION-MAKING IN VIRAL HEPATITIS RELATED ADVANCED
... recognised by methods described in Step 1, should be referred to a specialist for treatment of known aetiology or further investigation if aetiology is unknown – especially if decompensated, untreated viral hepatitis, significant co-morbidities such as HIV or diabetes, focal abnormalities detected o ...
... recognised by methods described in Step 1, should be referred to a specialist for treatment of known aetiology or further investigation if aetiology is unknown – especially if decompensated, untreated viral hepatitis, significant co-morbidities such as HIV or diabetes, focal abnormalities detected o ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.