Viruses and Prions (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda
... 1. contains a single type of nucleic acid: either DNA or RNA but not both 2. has a protein coat (capsid) surrounding the nucleic acid, some also have a lipid envelope around the capsid 3. multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the host cell 4. cause the synthesis of spec ...
... 1. contains a single type of nucleic acid: either DNA or RNA but not both 2. has a protein coat (capsid) surrounding the nucleic acid, some also have a lipid envelope around the capsid 3. multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the host cell 4. cause the synthesis of spec ...
Infectious Diseases
... them together, for they can multiply really fast. Bacteria exist in and out of the body, most are harmless and some even do good for our bodies. Some cause disease, either because they end up in the wrong place or because they are “designed” to invade us. Responsible for disease such as strep throat ...
... them together, for they can multiply really fast. Bacteria exist in and out of the body, most are harmless and some even do good for our bodies. Some cause disease, either because they end up in the wrong place or because they are “designed” to invade us. Responsible for disease such as strep throat ...
Communicable Diseases
... indirectly from one person to another. Incubation Period: Time between the invasion by the pathogen and the onset of symptoms. Prodromal Period: Refers to the initial stage of a disease: interval between earliest symptoms & appearance of rash or fever. Frequently children/people are contagious d ...
... indirectly from one person to another. Incubation Period: Time between the invasion by the pathogen and the onset of symptoms. Prodromal Period: Refers to the initial stage of a disease: interval between earliest symptoms & appearance of rash or fever. Frequently children/people are contagious d ...
HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents
... HIV testing was performed at delivery. She is very concerned and would like the child tested. Of the following, the most appropriate test to order (on the child) would be: A. HIV DNA PCR B. HIV RNA PCR C. HIV antibody titer D. No testing is required in this patient ...
... HIV testing was performed at delivery. She is very concerned and would like the child tested. Of the following, the most appropriate test to order (on the child) would be: A. HIV DNA PCR B. HIV RNA PCR C. HIV antibody titer D. No testing is required in this patient ...
Epidemiological Study of Ocular Manifestation of Molluscum
... of infection may be prolonged due to inadvertent autoinoculation of the virus to other parts of the body. Activities or circumstances that involve skin-to-skin contact (e.g., play, sports such as wrestling, sexual activity and swimming) have been associated with increased risk for infection [3]. Unf ...
... of infection may be prolonged due to inadvertent autoinoculation of the virus to other parts of the body. Activities or circumstances that involve skin-to-skin contact (e.g., play, sports such as wrestling, sexual activity and swimming) have been associated with increased risk for infection [3]. Unf ...
Risk Controls
... • Acute and chronic liver disease • More likely to cause chronic hepatitis, liver scarring and liver cancer than HBV ...
... • Acute and chronic liver disease • More likely to cause chronic hepatitis, liver scarring and liver cancer than HBV ...
Reston ebolavirus in Humans and Animals in the
... REBOV. However, consistent risk reduction measures such as personal protection and animal quarantine should be applied to prevent human infections not only due to REBOV but to other infectious disease agents as well, provided adequate precautions are taken. The detection of REBOV in monkeys and (aft ...
... REBOV. However, consistent risk reduction measures such as personal protection and animal quarantine should be applied to prevent human infections not only due to REBOV but to other infectious disease agents as well, provided adequate precautions are taken. The detection of REBOV in monkeys and (aft ...
Disease detectives
... findings did seem to change diplomatic relations “quite considerably”, says Pybus, who was part of the research team. In 2007, the sentences were commuted to life imprisonment, and the health workers were extradited to Bulgaria, where they were pardoned by the Bulgarian president. The field has deve ...
... findings did seem to change diplomatic relations “quite considerably”, says Pybus, who was part of the research team. In 2007, the sentences were commuted to life imprisonment, and the health workers were extradited to Bulgaria, where they were pardoned by the Bulgarian president. The field has deve ...
OPA_modelling_progress
... JSRV infection dynamics • Modes of transmission – Horizontal transmission – Vertical transmission? close contact between the ewe and her lamb – Indirect transmission via the environment?? not very important but cannot be excluded? ...
... JSRV infection dynamics • Modes of transmission – Horizontal transmission – Vertical transmission? close contact between the ewe and her lamb – Indirect transmission via the environment?? not very important but cannot be excluded? ...
The Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis B in Croatia: The
... After seroconversion, most patients remain negative for HBeAg and positive for anti-HBe antibody. This phase reflects relatively higher immunologic tolerance early and relatively lower tolerance later in the natural history of chronic HBV infection acquired early in life. This phase is usually refer ...
... After seroconversion, most patients remain negative for HBeAg and positive for anti-HBe antibody. This phase reflects relatively higher immunologic tolerance early and relatively lower tolerance later in the natural history of chronic HBV infection acquired early in life. This phase is usually refer ...
Vaccine
... Sometimes this is because the host's immune system simply doesn't respond adequately or at all. This may be due to a lowered immunity in general (diabetes, steroid use, HIV infection) or because the host's immune system does not have a B cell capable of generating antibodies to that antigen. Even if ...
... Sometimes this is because the host's immune system simply doesn't respond adequately or at all. This may be due to a lowered immunity in general (diabetes, steroid use, HIV infection) or because the host's immune system does not have a B cell capable of generating antibodies to that antigen. Even if ...
Herpes virus
... CMV is one of the most successful human pathogens, it can be transmitted vertically or horizontally usually with little effect on the host. Transmission may occur in utero, perinatally or postnatally. Once infected, the person carries the virus for life which may be activated from time to time, duri ...
... CMV is one of the most successful human pathogens, it can be transmitted vertically or horizontally usually with little effect on the host. Transmission may occur in utero, perinatally or postnatally. Once infected, the person carries the virus for life which may be activated from time to time, duri ...
Chapter 11, section 1 - Northview Middle School
... B. Surface Proteins - are used to lock on to a cell membrane. ...
... B. Surface Proteins - are used to lock on to a cell membrane. ...
Powerpoint
... New vaccine strains are made as reassortants with high growth virus carrying the necessary H & N Ag ...
... New vaccine strains are made as reassortants with high growth virus carrying the necessary H & N Ag ...
11_Course_forms_of_inf_2012_Dent - IS MU
... The relationship is a dynamic one and influenced by the environment: microbe host environment Illness is not a rule – peaceful coexistence is usually better for the parasite In spite of that the host tries to get rid of the parasite – to destroy, remove or at least to keep it in one spot ...
... The relationship is a dynamic one and influenced by the environment: microbe host environment Illness is not a rule – peaceful coexistence is usually better for the parasite In spite of that the host tries to get rid of the parasite – to destroy, remove or at least to keep it in one spot ...
HIV infection in children
... • Approximately 34 million people living with HIV in 2011 (WHO). • 2.5 million people became newly infected in 2011. • 1.7 million died of AIDS-related causes, including 230 000 children. ...
... • Approximately 34 million people living with HIV in 2011 (WHO). • 2.5 million people became newly infected in 2011. • 1.7 million died of AIDS-related causes, including 230 000 children. ...
Research Interests
... impacts in controlling widespread pathogens, such as malaria and dengue fever virus and in understanding emergent pathogens, including West Nile and chikungunya viruses. Historically, with the possible exception of yellow-fever vaccination, most of the advances in controlling vector-borne disease ha ...
... impacts in controlling widespread pathogens, such as malaria and dengue fever virus and in understanding emergent pathogens, including West Nile and chikungunya viruses. Historically, with the possible exception of yellow-fever vaccination, most of the advances in controlling vector-borne disease ha ...
comparative-analysis-of-serum-insulin
... healthy control subjects were selected from general population for comparison. subjects who were suffering from Gastrointestinal system bleeding, Hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma or any other malignancy, Any kind of infectious disease, Diabetes mellitus, Chronic renal failure, Hypert ...
... healthy control subjects were selected from general population for comparison. subjects who were suffering from Gastrointestinal system bleeding, Hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma or any other malignancy, Any kind of infectious disease, Diabetes mellitus, Chronic renal failure, Hypert ...
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species1.14 MB
... • If untreated the infection usually resolves, but a substantial proportion of these infants develop chlamydial pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth ...
... • If untreated the infection usually resolves, but a substantial proportion of these infants develop chlamydial pneumonia about 6 weeks after birth ...
Antibiotic Overuse May be Bad for Body’s Good Bacteria
... 1. Directly produce RNA that then makes viral proteins OR 2. Joins with host cells DNA for direct synthesis of new viruses • RNA VIRUS: Use the Host By…. 1. Viral RNA is released into host cells cytoplasm and uses its ribosomes to produce new viral proteins 2. “Retrovirus” -Reverse Transcriptase: RN ...
... 1. Directly produce RNA that then makes viral proteins OR 2. Joins with host cells DNA for direct synthesis of new viruses • RNA VIRUS: Use the Host By…. 1. Viral RNA is released into host cells cytoplasm and uses its ribosomes to produce new viral proteins 2. “Retrovirus” -Reverse Transcriptase: RN ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E:
... For enveloped viruses, this almost always involves membrane fusion between the viral envelope and a cell membrane (either the plasma membrane or an internal vesicle membrane). For non-enveloped virions, the viral surface protein(s) usually play a role in causing some very localized membrane disrupti ...
... For enveloped viruses, this almost always involves membrane fusion between the viral envelope and a cell membrane (either the plasma membrane or an internal vesicle membrane). For non-enveloped virions, the viral surface protein(s) usually play a role in causing some very localized membrane disrupti ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.