Deciphering the developmental program in the ascidian
... For example, in the case of endoderm formation in Xenopus laevis (frog) and zebrafish, the GRN is not completely conserved between the two organisms (Shivdasani, 2002). Instead, they share only some key genes, which may be considered vertebrate endoderm master genes (genes that determine cells to di ...
... For example, in the case of endoderm formation in Xenopus laevis (frog) and zebrafish, the GRN is not completely conserved between the two organisms (Shivdasani, 2002). Instead, they share only some key genes, which may be considered vertebrate endoderm master genes (genes that determine cells to di ...
and GvpD-mediated transcription regulation of the p
... suggesting a function of GvpD in repression. To determine the DNA sequences involved in the GvpE-mediated activation, a 50-nucleotide region of the pA promoter was investigated by 4-nucleotide scanning mutagenesis. Some of these mutations affected the basal transcription, especially mutations in the ...
... suggesting a function of GvpD in repression. To determine the DNA sequences involved in the GvpE-mediated activation, a 50-nucleotide region of the pA promoter was investigated by 4-nucleotide scanning mutagenesis. Some of these mutations affected the basal transcription, especially mutations in the ...
Use of a novel cassette to label phenotypically a cryptic plasmid of
... to allow easy screening for the presence of plasmids in B. subtilis. In addition we flanked the cassette with transcriptional terminators to ensure that insertion of the cassette had no deleterious effect other than that due to its disruption of the continuity of the plasmid backbone. The terminator ...
... to allow easy screening for the presence of plasmids in B. subtilis. In addition we flanked the cassette with transcriptional terminators to ensure that insertion of the cassette had no deleterious effect other than that due to its disruption of the continuity of the plasmid backbone. The terminator ...
Identification of novel endogenous antisense transcripts by DNA
... We attempted to validate the expression of two candidate conserved NATs (antisense of Acaa1b and Aard) by performing Northern and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses. Whereas human ACAA1 (acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1) overlaps with DLEC1 (deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1) in a tail-to ...
... We attempted to validate the expression of two candidate conserved NATs (antisense of Acaa1b and Aard) by performing Northern and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses. Whereas human ACAA1 (acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1) overlaps with DLEC1 (deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1) in a tail-to ...
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
... ligase.325 Since yeast lack methylated DNA, they do not have mutH. The homologous 2 mutL proteins in yeast are PMS1 and MLH1, and the homologous protein to mutS is MSH2 (Fig 19). When these yeast genes are mutated, there is a corresponding 100- to 700-fold increase in MSI. It is believed that these ...
... ligase.325 Since yeast lack methylated DNA, they do not have mutH. The homologous 2 mutL proteins in yeast are PMS1 and MLH1, and the homologous protein to mutS is MSH2 (Fig 19). When these yeast genes are mutated, there is a corresponding 100- to 700-fold increase in MSI. It is believed that these ...
Harvey ras (H-ras) Point Mutations Are Induced by 4
... DMBA, and the promoter, TPA (12, 13). Continuous exposure of squamous cells to DMBA and TPA induced H-ras mutations on chromosome 7 in greater than 90% of mice (14). H-ras appeared to be activated by specific mutations which can be affected by the initiating carcinogen (15). Since tumors do not deve ...
... DMBA, and the promoter, TPA (12, 13). Continuous exposure of squamous cells to DMBA and TPA induced H-ras mutations on chromosome 7 in greater than 90% of mice (14). H-ras appeared to be activated by specific mutations which can be affected by the initiating carcinogen (15). Since tumors do not deve ...
Jigsaw handout - the Biology Scholars Program Wiki
... repressor. Lac repressor is a DNA binding protein that binds to a site on the DNA called the operator. The operator partially overlaps with the promoter, which is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. When lac repressor binds to the operator site, RNA polymerase cannot bind ...
... repressor. Lac repressor is a DNA binding protein that binds to a site on the DNA called the operator. The operator partially overlaps with the promoter, which is the site where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription. When lac repressor binds to the operator site, RNA polymerase cannot bind ...
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... The tac promoted toxin gene found in pMYC436 40 (pMYC47l, pMYC485, and pMYC1l6l) is constitutive and occurs independently of the concentrations of lac (NRRL deposit no. B-l8292) was cloned as a 4.5 Kbp tose or glucose present in the cell. For example, in the BamHI to PstI fragment in the vector pTJ ...
... The tac promoted toxin gene found in pMYC436 40 (pMYC47l, pMYC485, and pMYC1l6l) is constitutive and occurs independently of the concentrations of lac (NRRL deposit no. B-l8292) was cloned as a 4.5 Kbp tose or glucose present in the cell. For example, in the BamHI to PstI fragment in the vector pTJ ...
Expression of p53 Target Genes in the Early Phase of Long
... the long-term potentiation of CA3-CA1 synapses, is accompanied by a brief (less than 40 min) increase in the binding of transcription factor p53 with the promoter of S100B and by an increase in the level of S100B mRNA [3]. Interestingly, the maximal increase in the DNA-binding activity of p53 coinci ...
... the long-term potentiation of CA3-CA1 synapses, is accompanied by a brief (less than 40 min) increase in the binding of transcription factor p53 with the promoter of S100B and by an increase in the level of S100B mRNA [3]. Interestingly, the maximal increase in the DNA-binding activity of p53 coinci ...
Genes - Gerstein Lab Publications
... stops) are tallied in Figure 3a. A high proportion of G has only one disablement over the length of genomic sequence aligned (44%). This may indicate an evolutionarily young pseudogene population that is rapidly deleted from genomic DNA. (Alternatively, it may just reflect the fact that pseudogenes ...
... stops) are tallied in Figure 3a. A high proportion of G has only one disablement over the length of genomic sequence aligned (44%). This may indicate an evolutionarily young pseudogene population that is rapidly deleted from genomic DNA. (Alternatively, it may just reflect the fact that pseudogenes ...
DNA Base Sequence Homology in Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn: Inter
... (6), indicating genetic homogeneity among isolates within these groups. Hybridization between isolates of different AG was 30% or less (6,15). Ranges of DNA hybridization values varied for different AG, and lower levels of hybridization have confirmed lack of homogeneity among isolates within AG-1, ...
... (6), indicating genetic homogeneity among isolates within these groups. Hybridization between isolates of different AG was 30% or less (6,15). Ranges of DNA hybridization values varied for different AG, and lower levels of hybridization have confirmed lack of homogeneity among isolates within AG-1, ...
the PDF file
... can play dramatic roles in shaping geographically or culturally isolated populations, such as Jews. • If the community is small enough, even harmful mutations that drift into the population and tha ...
... can play dramatic roles in shaping geographically or culturally isolated populations, such as Jews. • If the community is small enough, even harmful mutations that drift into the population and tha ...
Markov Models
... A Markov process is a stochastic process (random process) in which the probability distribution of the current state is conditionally independent of the path of past states, a characteristic called the Markov property. Markov chain is a discrete-time stochastic process with the Markov property I wil ...
... A Markov process is a stochastic process (random process) in which the probability distribution of the current state is conditionally independent of the path of past states, a characteristic called the Markov property. Markov chain is a discrete-time stochastic process with the Markov property I wil ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
... can be isolated and amplified. One method of isolation and amplification of a gene of interest is to clone the gene by inserting it into another DNA molecule that serves as a vehicle or vector that can be replicated in living cells. When these two DNAs of different origin are combined, the result is ...
... can be isolated and amplified. One method of isolation and amplification of a gene of interest is to clone the gene by inserting it into another DNA molecule that serves as a vehicle or vector that can be replicated in living cells. When these two DNAs of different origin are combined, the result is ...
bacterial plasmids - Acta Medica Medianae
... of groups’ incompatibility and it is less time consuming and it is applicable to great number of bacteria especially in epidemiological studies (10). Genetic structure and classification of plasmids Plasmids contain genes essential for their function and existence in a cell (initiation and control o ...
... of groups’ incompatibility and it is less time consuming and it is applicable to great number of bacteria especially in epidemiological studies (10). Genetic structure and classification of plasmids Plasmids contain genes essential for their function and existence in a cell (initiation and control o ...
study
... an allele with deleterious effects only on one sex. Hence, a mutation causing congenital disease in only one sex can propagate to a high population frequency due to reduced selective constraints or neutrality in half of the population (i.e., in the other sex). This might contribute to sex specificit ...
... an allele with deleterious effects only on one sex. Hence, a mutation causing congenital disease in only one sex can propagate to a high population frequency due to reduced selective constraints or neutrality in half of the population (i.e., in the other sex). This might contribute to sex specificit ...
A New Player in the Spermiogenesis Pathway of
... sperm defects, including aneuploidy (Liau et al. 2013). While no null allele currently exists for spe-46, genetic analysis shows more severe loss of function results in sterility. The interpretation for the three genes identified by spe-27 suppressor mutations is that they have two functions: (i) ass ...
... sperm defects, including aneuploidy (Liau et al. 2013). While no null allele currently exists for spe-46, genetic analysis shows more severe loss of function results in sterility. The interpretation for the three genes identified by spe-27 suppressor mutations is that they have two functions: (i) ass ...
Modeling Fragile X Syndrome Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
... expansion with an active FMR1 gene, it recurrently resulted in hypermethylation and complete inactivation of FMR1 in the newly established iPSC clones [34]. This led to the conclusion that transcription factor reprogramming may incorrectly hypermethylate this region provided that the CGGs are suffic ...
... expansion with an active FMR1 gene, it recurrently resulted in hypermethylation and complete inactivation of FMR1 in the newly established iPSC clones [34]. This led to the conclusion that transcription factor reprogramming may incorrectly hypermethylate this region provided that the CGGs are suffic ...
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long
... structures than by using individual 100 kb windows. We next examined Ensembl annotations in the 300 kb regions taken from the center of each signal-rich and signal-poor region. It is plausible that $300 kb regions that are not transcribed in any cell type may have different chromatin structures from ...
... structures than by using individual 100 kb windows. We next examined Ensembl annotations in the 300 kb regions taken from the center of each signal-rich and signal-poor region. It is plausible that $300 kb regions that are not transcribed in any cell type may have different chromatin structures from ...
H4K20me1 Contributes to Downregulation of X
... The DCC is targeted to the X chromosome through specific sequence elements, called rex (recruitment elements on X) sites (reviewed in [3]). After recruitment, the DCC spreads to dox (dependent on X) sites, which consist mostly of active promoters. The zinc finger protein SDC-2 is the primary X-chrom ...
... The DCC is targeted to the X chromosome through specific sequence elements, called rex (recruitment elements on X) sites (reviewed in [3]). After recruitment, the DCC spreads to dox (dependent on X) sites, which consist mostly of active promoters. The zinc finger protein SDC-2 is the primary X-chrom ...
Capstone project 2015 in pdf format
... 1: Expression of valuable proteins in Escherichia coli 2: Expression of valuable proteins in Bacillus subtilis 3: Demystifying the mechanisms for intein-extein cleavages 1: Regulation of tumorigenesis by G protein signaling 2: Structure and function of Nm23 metastasis suppressors 1:The role of MST3 ...
... 1: Expression of valuable proteins in Escherichia coli 2: Expression of valuable proteins in Bacillus subtilis 3: Demystifying the mechanisms for intein-extein cleavages 1: Regulation of tumorigenesis by G protein signaling 2: Structure and function of Nm23 metastasis suppressors 1:The role of MST3 ...
Journal Club Pack - Circulation Research
... muscle cell (SMC) marker genes and demonstrated that mutation of this element within the SM22α promoter nearly abrogated repression of this transgene after vascular wire injury or within lesions of ApoE−/− mice. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the G/C Repressor are unknown, althou ...
... muscle cell (SMC) marker genes and demonstrated that mutation of this element within the SM22α promoter nearly abrogated repression of this transgene after vascular wire injury or within lesions of ApoE−/− mice. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the G/C Repressor are unknown, althou ...
Boundary elements and nuclear organization
... 3. Insulators and transcriptional regulation The ability of boundary elements to prevent repression by blocking the spread of heterochromatin has been described for a variety of identified insulator elements (for a list of such elements, see West et al., 2002), suggestive of their role in preserving ...
... 3. Insulators and transcriptional regulation The ability of boundary elements to prevent repression by blocking the spread of heterochromatin has been described for a variety of identified insulator elements (for a list of such elements, see West et al., 2002), suggestive of their role in preserving ...
Cancer epigenetics
Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the genome of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic alterations are as important as genetic mutations in a cell’s transformation to cancer, and their manipulation holds great promise for cancer prevention, detection, and therapy. In different types of cancer, a variety of epigenetic mechanisms can be perturbed, such as silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes by altered CpG island methylation patterns, histone modifications, and dysregulation of DNA binding proteins. Several medications which have epigenetic impact are now used in several of these diseases.