Analysis of acid-induced asr gene promoter of Enterobacteriaceae
... asr mRNA is a long-lived and one of the most abundant RNA messages in E. coli cells at maximal levels of induction [5]. This was confirmed by mRNA expression profiling of E. coli cells grown in a supplemented minimal medium and subjected to acid shock [7]. Search for the trans-acting regulatory comp ...
... asr mRNA is a long-lived and one of the most abundant RNA messages in E. coli cells at maximal levels of induction [5]. This was confirmed by mRNA expression profiling of E. coli cells grown in a supplemented minimal medium and subjected to acid shock [7]. Search for the trans-acting regulatory comp ...
FLUORESCENT PROTEIN IN Escherichia coli
... [Hancock and Diamond, 2000]. The innate immune system is triggered by structures that are found in large groups of microorganisms, and this recognition is very important so that only pathogens and not human cells are killed (Figure 1.1 and 1.2) [Yang et al., 2002]. AMPs are defined as 6-100 aminoaci ...
... [Hancock and Diamond, 2000]. The innate immune system is triggered by structures that are found in large groups of microorganisms, and this recognition is very important so that only pathogens and not human cells are killed (Figure 1.1 and 1.2) [Yang et al., 2002]. AMPs are defined as 6-100 aminoaci ...
Unit 30C Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular
... division. Organisms that reproduce asexually produce offspring that are identical to the parents. Sexually reproducing organisms exchange genetic information, so that the offspring have a unique combination of traits. The genetic material determines the proteins that make up cells, which ultimately ...
... division. Organisms that reproduce asexually produce offspring that are identical to the parents. Sexually reproducing organisms exchange genetic information, so that the offspring have a unique combination of traits. The genetic material determines the proteins that make up cells, which ultimately ...
CHAPTER 7 TUNING THE DRAGON PROMOTER FINDER SYSTEM FOR HUMAN PROMOTER RECOGNITION
... signal thresholds are also used. These parameters have to be adjusted so that the tuned system achieves the desired performance. The tuning process is conducted 10 times for each selected level of sensitivity, and different models are produced in the process. Then, from all of the models, the select ...
... signal thresholds are also used. These parameters have to be adjusted so that the tuned system achieves the desired performance. The tuning process is conducted 10 times for each selected level of sensitivity, and different models are produced in the process. Then, from all of the models, the select ...
Mutation Rates
... Ultimately, the source of genetic variation observed among individuals in populations is gene mutation. Mutation generates new alleles, and these are the substance of all evolutionary change. The mutation rate is defined as the probability that a copy of an allele changes to some other allelic form ...
... Ultimately, the source of genetic variation observed among individuals in populations is gene mutation. Mutation generates new alleles, and these are the substance of all evolutionary change. The mutation rate is defined as the probability that a copy of an allele changes to some other allelic form ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... zeste 12, a Polycomb group (PcG) gene of enormous importance in the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila, PcG proteins generally act by remodelling chromatin structure and mediating the silencing of homeotic genes. VRN2 does not appear to be required for the vernalizat ...
... zeste 12, a Polycomb group (PcG) gene of enormous importance in the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila, PcG proteins generally act by remodelling chromatin structure and mediating the silencing of homeotic genes. VRN2 does not appear to be required for the vernalizat ...
Figure 15.6 Nonreplicative transposition allows a transposon to
... 15.4 Transposition occurs by both replicative and nonreplicative mechanisms Conservative transposition refers to the movement of large elements, originally classified as transposons, but now considered to be episomes. The mechanism of movement resembles that of phage lambda. Nonreplicative transpos ...
... 15.4 Transposition occurs by both replicative and nonreplicative mechanisms Conservative transposition refers to the movement of large elements, originally classified as transposons, but now considered to be episomes. The mechanism of movement resembles that of phage lambda. Nonreplicative transpos ...
15.13 Spm elements influence gene expression
... 15.4 Transposition occurs by both replicative and nonreplicative mechanisms Conservative transposition refers to the movement of large elements, originally classified as transposons, but now considered to be episomes. The mechanism of movement resembles that of phage lambda. Nonreplicative transpos ...
... 15.4 Transposition occurs by both replicative and nonreplicative mechanisms Conservative transposition refers to the movement of large elements, originally classified as transposons, but now considered to be episomes. The mechanism of movement resembles that of phage lambda. Nonreplicative transpos ...
Activation of Silent Genes by Transposons Tn5 and TnlO
... provide a promoter capable of activating the immediately adjacent hisD gene. T h e ability of hisG::Tn5 insertion mutants to express the adjacent geneshows a clear dependence on map position within the hisG gene (D. BIEK,M. S. CIAMPIand J. R. ROTH,unpublished results). Those insertions mapping upstr ...
... provide a promoter capable of activating the immediately adjacent hisD gene. T h e ability of hisG::Tn5 insertion mutants to express the adjacent geneshows a clear dependence on map position within the hisG gene (D. BIEK,M. S. CIAMPIand J. R. ROTH,unpublished results). Those insertions mapping upstr ...
The Plant Cell - Molecular and Cell Biology
... Solely on the basis of statistical analysis of plant crosses, and a full century before the discovery of the structure of DNA, the chemical nature of mutations, the “central dogma (fact) of molecular biology,” the notion that genes code for enzymes (or enzyme subunits) – in essense, before the disco ...
... Solely on the basis of statistical analysis of plant crosses, and a full century before the discovery of the structure of DNA, the chemical nature of mutations, the “central dogma (fact) of molecular biology,” the notion that genes code for enzymes (or enzyme subunits) – in essense, before the disco ...
Gene Section MYB (v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (avian))
... MYB mostly operates as a transcriptional activator. It binds to its cognate binding site (MYB binding site MBS; consensus A/C A A C G/T G) on target genes and regulates their expression. MYB is essential for the establishment of definitive haemopoiesis; as such, myb/mice die of anoxia by embryonic d ...
... MYB mostly operates as a transcriptional activator. It binds to its cognate binding site (MYB binding site MBS; consensus A/C A A C G/T G) on target genes and regulates their expression. MYB is essential for the establishment of definitive haemopoiesis; as such, myb/mice die of anoxia by embryonic d ...
Dissecting Gene Expression Changes Accompanying a Ploidy
... the particular pattern of chromosome (and hence gene) copy number change. With sufficiently strong selective pressure, the benefits of the specific effects can sometimes outweigh the general costs of aneuploidy, giving aneuploids a selective advantage (PAVELKA et al. 2010; SHELTZER AND AMON 2011). I ...
... the particular pattern of chromosome (and hence gene) copy number change. With sufficiently strong selective pressure, the benefits of the specific effects can sometimes outweigh the general costs of aneuploidy, giving aneuploids a selective advantage (PAVELKA et al. 2010; SHELTZER AND AMON 2011). I ...
Rearrangements in the Human T-Cell-Receptor Â
... of two bands was almost identical. However, no rearrangement was detected by using the pMI2 probe when the DNA from case 5 was digested by BamHl (Fig. 2). Thus, one of the rearrangements, corresponding to the 13-kilobase band, took place within, but near the 3' end of, the pMI3 probe. Another rearra ...
... of two bands was almost identical. However, no rearrangement was detected by using the pMI2 probe when the DNA from case 5 was digested by BamHl (Fig. 2). Thus, one of the rearrangements, corresponding to the 13-kilobase band, took place within, but near the 3' end of, the pMI3 probe. Another rearra ...
Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase
... database (NCBI) search for complimentary sequences revealed 100 % homology between the primers and the gene encodes endo-b-1,4-glucanase of B. subtilis as well as G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. No homologous sequences were found for other members of genus Bacillus indicating an excellen ...
... database (NCBI) search for complimentary sequences revealed 100 % homology between the primers and the gene encodes endo-b-1,4-glucanase of B. subtilis as well as G. stearothermophilus and P. campinasensis. No homologous sequences were found for other members of genus Bacillus indicating an excellen ...
microbial genetics
... When a cell divides, the plasmid molecules are inherited by both daughter cells. For the high copy number plasmids, there are enough plasmid molecules for each daughter cell to receive at least some (Fig.4a). The daughter cells do not have to inherit exactly half of the plasmid molecules. Thus, even ...
... When a cell divides, the plasmid molecules are inherited by both daughter cells. For the high copy number plasmids, there are enough plasmid molecules for each daughter cell to receive at least some (Fig.4a). The daughter cells do not have to inherit exactly half of the plasmid molecules. Thus, even ...
Gene Section USF1 (upstream transcription factor 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... which euchromatin regions are protected from heterochromatin-induced gene silencing (Huang et al., 2007). USFs recruit histone modifying enzymes to the insulator element, which modify the adjacent nucleosomes thereby maintaining chromatin in an open state and preventing heterochromatin spread. Simil ...
... which euchromatin regions are protected from heterochromatin-induced gene silencing (Huang et al., 2007). USFs recruit histone modifying enzymes to the insulator element, which modify the adjacent nucleosomes thereby maintaining chromatin in an open state and preventing heterochromatin spread. Simil ...
Coexpression of Linked Genes in Mammalian
... of linked yeast genes (Lercher and Hurst 2006), the adaptive model implies that the gene order in the yeast genome must be highly organized. However, the high plasticity of yeast gene order revealed from a comparison of 11 species (Fischer et al. 2006) argues against this view. In addition, it is we ...
... of linked yeast genes (Lercher and Hurst 2006), the adaptive model implies that the gene order in the yeast genome must be highly organized. However, the high plasticity of yeast gene order revealed from a comparison of 11 species (Fischer et al. 2006) argues against this view. In addition, it is we ...
B-Bolivia, an Allele of the Maize b1 Gene with Variable Expression
... this difference between the average values was not statistically significant. These results indicate that the on or off pigment expression state of a particular seed is not heritable because both types produce similar numbers of colored kernels in progeny. The loss of pigment that occurs upon male t ...
... this difference between the average values was not statistically significant. These results indicate that the on or off pigment expression state of a particular seed is not heritable because both types produce similar numbers of colored kernels in progeny. The loss of pigment that occurs upon male t ...
MicroRNAs: key participants in gene regulatory networks
... such as rRNAs, tRNAs or snRNAs [10], arguing strongly for a more general function of mRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, as some miRNAs correspond to the sense strands of mRNAs [5], or are complementary to potential promoter sequences, and CAF has putative nuclear locational signa ...
... such as rRNAs, tRNAs or snRNAs [10], arguing strongly for a more general function of mRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, as some miRNAs correspond to the sense strands of mRNAs [5], or are complementary to potential promoter sequences, and CAF has putative nuclear locational signa ...
The energetic basis of the DNA double helix: a
... Figure 1 presents DSC recordings of the heat effects observed upon heating and subsequent cooling of the 12CG DNA duplex, demonstrating the excellent reversibility of the temperature induced processes of complementary strand dissociation/association: the excess heats of these two processes appear as ...
... Figure 1 presents DSC recordings of the heat effects observed upon heating and subsequent cooling of the 12CG DNA duplex, demonstrating the excellent reversibility of the temperature induced processes of complementary strand dissociation/association: the excess heats of these two processes appear as ...
Deciphering the developmental program in the ascidian
... For example, in the case of endoderm formation in Xenopus laevis (frog) and zebrafish, the GRN is not completely conserved between the two organisms (Shivdasani, 2002). Instead, they share only some key genes, which may be considered vertebrate endoderm master genes (genes that determine cells to di ...
... For example, in the case of endoderm formation in Xenopus laevis (frog) and zebrafish, the GRN is not completely conserved between the two organisms (Shivdasani, 2002). Instead, they share only some key genes, which may be considered vertebrate endoderm master genes (genes that determine cells to di ...
Cancer epigenetics
Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the genome of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Epigenetic alterations are as important as genetic mutations in a cell’s transformation to cancer, and their manipulation holds great promise for cancer prevention, detection, and therapy. In different types of cancer, a variety of epigenetic mechanisms can be perturbed, such as silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes by altered CpG island methylation patterns, histone modifications, and dysregulation of DNA binding proteins. Several medications which have epigenetic impact are now used in several of these diseases.