Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia
... 2000; Wingate, 2001). The migrating neurons normally remain ipsilateral to their site of origin while their outgrowing axons cross the midline to reach the opposite cerebellar hemispheres as mossyand climbing fibres (Sotelo, 2004; Marillat et al., 2004). Netrin-1, the gene product of Ntn1, is widely ...
... 2000; Wingate, 2001). The migrating neurons normally remain ipsilateral to their site of origin while their outgrowing axons cross the midline to reach the opposite cerebellar hemispheres as mossyand climbing fibres (Sotelo, 2004; Marillat et al., 2004). Netrin-1, the gene product of Ntn1, is widely ...
MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy
... ventral part. Proximal or axial or trunk muscles are represented in more medial parts of the ventral horn (near lamina VIII), and distal muscles are represented more laterally. 5. TRACT OF LISSAUER: This is a small fiber tract that lies dorsal to Rexed’s lamina I. It contains first order spinothalam ...
... ventral part. Proximal or axial or trunk muscles are represented in more medial parts of the ventral horn (near lamina VIII), and distal muscles are represented more laterally. 5. TRACT OF LISSAUER: This is a small fiber tract that lies dorsal to Rexed’s lamina I. It contains first order spinothalam ...
Lesson 33 - UBC Zoology
... The supporting cells can make up more than 90% of the cells in the nervous system of some species. More complex organisms have more glial cells relative to neurons. These cells form a scaffolding or glue, which holds the tissue together. They assist the neurons by controlling the environment around ...
... The supporting cells can make up more than 90% of the cells in the nervous system of some species. More complex organisms have more glial cells relative to neurons. These cells form a scaffolding or glue, which holds the tissue together. They assist the neurons by controlling the environment around ...
Nervous System Study Guide 1
... 38. What must take place in order for the neuron to trigger? (Explain this in terms of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell.) ...
... 38. What must take place in order for the neuron to trigger? (Explain this in terms of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell.) ...
Specificity of Synaptic Connections II (i.e. Target Selection by Axons)
... - Ephrin-A2, ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A5 were identified as repulsive factors for growing retinal axons expressed in anterior-posterior, low-to-high gradients in the tectum. - The ephrin receptor, EphA3 (chick) or EphA5 (mouse), is expressed by retinal ganglion cells in a nasaltemporal, low-high gradien ...
... - Ephrin-A2, ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A5 were identified as repulsive factors for growing retinal axons expressed in anterior-posterior, low-to-high gradients in the tectum. - The ephrin receptor, EphA3 (chick) or EphA5 (mouse), is expressed by retinal ganglion cells in a nasaltemporal, low-high gradien ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... Inject wild type gene into fertilized eggs - transgenic mice express gene at right time produce about 20% of normal amount of proteins much more myelination occasional tremors but do not convulse and have normal life span ...
... Inject wild type gene into fertilized eggs - transgenic mice express gene at right time produce about 20% of normal amount of proteins much more myelination occasional tremors but do not convulse and have normal life span ...
Neural tube formation: Previously- apical constriction, convergence
... 6. Mutant studies in the mouse prove that SHH is required for ventral spinal cord fates, such as motor neurons. However, long range signaling from other hedgehog sources (IHH from the gut) contributes to signaling (adding to the evidence that HH can diffuse and act over a range). Elimination of the ...
... 6. Mutant studies in the mouse prove that SHH is required for ventral spinal cord fates, such as motor neurons. However, long range signaling from other hedgehog sources (IHH from the gut) contributes to signaling (adding to the evidence that HH can diffuse and act over a range). Elimination of the ...
FINAL LECTURE EXAM – HUMAN ANATOMY
... 1. The ANS provides the chief nervous control in which of the following activities? a. following a moving object with the eyes b. removing a hand reflexively from a hot object c. typing d. digesting food e. writing an essay 2. When a pregnant female lies on her back, the weight of the uterus and dev ...
... 1. The ANS provides the chief nervous control in which of the following activities? a. following a moving object with the eyes b. removing a hand reflexively from a hot object c. typing d. digesting food e. writing an essay 2. When a pregnant female lies on her back, the weight of the uterus and dev ...
Spinal Cord – Gross Anatomy
... The central portion has a canal called the central canal Each cord segment is associated with a pair of ganglia called the dorsal root ganglion Ganglia are located just outside the SC They contain cell bodies of sensory neurons Axons of these neurons enter the cord via the dorsal root Ventral root c ...
... The central portion has a canal called the central canal Each cord segment is associated with a pair of ganglia called the dorsal root ganglion Ganglia are located just outside the SC They contain cell bodies of sensory neurons Axons of these neurons enter the cord via the dorsal root Ventral root c ...
4-Nervous system I: Structure and organization
... West, L. J., C. M. Pierce and W. D. Thomas. 1962. Lysergic acid diethylamide: its effects on a male Asiatic elephant. Science 138:1100-1103. Harwood, P. 1963. Therapeutic dosage in small and large mammals . Science 139: 684-685. ...
... West, L. J., C. M. Pierce and W. D. Thomas. 1962. Lysergic acid diethylamide: its effects on a male Asiatic elephant. Science 138:1100-1103. Harwood, P. 1963. Therapeutic dosage in small and large mammals . Science 139: 684-685. ...
Biology 4 Practice Exam Chapter 16 – Autonomic Nervous System 1
... 2. The origin of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is a. craniosacral b. dorsoventral c. thoracolumbar d. pre- and postganglionic e. none of the above 3. The sympathetic division of the ANS generally a. stimulates tissue metabolism b. increases alertness c. prepares the body t ...
... 2. The origin of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is a. craniosacral b. dorsoventral c. thoracolumbar d. pre- and postganglionic e. none of the above 3. The sympathetic division of the ANS generally a. stimulates tissue metabolism b. increases alertness c. prepares the body t ...
Biology 13A
... 2. The origin of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is a. craniosacral b. dorsoventral c. thoracolumbar d. pre- and postganglionic e. none of the above 3. The sympathetic division of the ANS generally a. stimulates tissue metabolism b. increases alertness c. prepares the body t ...
... 2. The origin of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is a. craniosacral b. dorsoventral c. thoracolumbar d. pre- and postganglionic e. none of the above 3. The sympathetic division of the ANS generally a. stimulates tissue metabolism b. increases alertness c. prepares the body t ...
Netrin
Netrins are a class of proteins involved in axon guidance. They are named after the Sanskrit word ""netr"", which means ""one who guides."" Netrins are genetically conserved across nematode worms, fruit flies, frogs, mice, and humans. Structurally, netrin resembles the extracellular matrix protein laminin.Netrins are chemotropic; a growing axon will either move towards or away from a higher concentration of netrin. Though the detailed mechanism of axon guidance is not fully understood, it is known that netrin attraction is mediated through UNC-40/DCC cell surface receptors and repulsion is mediated through UNC-5 receptors. Netrins also act as growth factors, encouraging cell growth activities in target cells. Mice deficient in netrin fail to form the hippocampal comissure or the corpus callosum.A proposed model for netrin activity in the spinal column of developing human embryos is that netrins are released by the floor plate and then are picked up by receptor proteins embedded in the growth cones of axons belonging to neurons in the developing spinal column. The bodies of these neurons remain stationary while the axons follow a path defined by netrins, eventually connecting to neurons inside the embryonic brain by developing synapses. Research supports that new axons tend to follow previously traced pathways, rather than being guided by netrins or related chemotropic factors.