Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast
... years. As pointed out previously we have been unable to amplify it from human genomic DNA (14). Based on these and other considerations, we now believe that this cDNA is a contaminant, most likely a mammalian antizyme 1 gene belonging to an unidentified rabbit or hare species. In our search for new a ...
... years. As pointed out previously we have been unable to amplify it from human genomic DNA (14). Based on these and other considerations, we now believe that this cDNA is a contaminant, most likely a mammalian antizyme 1 gene belonging to an unidentified rabbit or hare species. In our search for new a ...
K -Channel Transgenes Reduce K Currents in Paramecium
... (Doyle et al. 1998). Some channels are homotetramers, especially those overexpressed heterologously from a single subunit gene, whereas others appear to be heterotetramers. Jegla and Salkoff (1995) first described two K⫹-channel sequences from a Paramecium tetraurelia genomic library. We have expand ...
... (Doyle et al. 1998). Some channels are homotetramers, especially those overexpressed heterologously from a single subunit gene, whereas others appear to be heterotetramers. Jegla and Salkoff (1995) first described two K⫹-channel sequences from a Paramecium tetraurelia genomic library. We have expand ...
The Non-LTR Retrotransposon Rex3 from the Fish Xiphophorus is
... Fishes make up more than half of the 48,000 species of living vertebrates. They should therefore possess genetic tools for speciation-associated genome evolution. Transposons may be one of the factors fulfilling this function due to their ability to move within genomes, to generate mutations, and to ...
... Fishes make up more than half of the 48,000 species of living vertebrates. They should therefore possess genetic tools for speciation-associated genome evolution. Transposons may be one of the factors fulfilling this function due to their ability to move within genomes, to generate mutations, and to ...
DNA Denaturing through UV-C Photon Dissipation: A
... Michaelian and Santillan, 2014a) it was conjectured that the origin and evolution of life was contingent on increases in the entropy production of the biosphere through increases in the dissipation of the photons in the prevailing solar spectrum at Earth's surface (Michaelian, 2012b; 2014d). In part ...
... Michaelian and Santillan, 2014a) it was conjectured that the origin and evolution of life was contingent on increases in the entropy production of the biosphere through increases in the dissipation of the photons in the prevailing solar spectrum at Earth's surface (Michaelian, 2012b; 2014d). In part ...
Transcription factories are nuclear subcompartments that remain in
... Myosin I, or Lamin affect transcription, and have suggested that these factors may have a role in linking the transcriptional machinery to a nuclear scaffold (PesticDragovich et al. 2000; Spann et al. 2002; Hofmann et al. 2004). Our data showing persistence of Ser5 phosphorylated RNAPII foci and a s ...
... Myosin I, or Lamin affect transcription, and have suggested that these factors may have a role in linking the transcriptional machinery to a nuclear scaffold (PesticDragovich et al. 2000; Spann et al. 2002; Hofmann et al. 2004). Our data showing persistence of Ser5 phosphorylated RNAPII foci and a s ...
NIH Guidelines - Institutional Biosafety Committee
... molecules that are exempt from the NIH Guidelines. • III-F-1: Involving synthetic nucleic acids that: (1) can neither replicate nor generate nucleic acids that can replicate in any living cell (e.g., oligonucleotides or other synthetic nucleic acids that do not contain an origin of replication or co ...
... molecules that are exempt from the NIH Guidelines. • III-F-1: Involving synthetic nucleic acids that: (1) can neither replicate nor generate nucleic acids that can replicate in any living cell (e.g., oligonucleotides or other synthetic nucleic acids that do not contain an origin of replication or co ...
Abundant RNA editing sites of chloroplast protein
... (20.0%) and leucine to phenylalanine (1.3%). Only 13 and 7 editing sites caused amino acids to change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and to maintain their hydrophilicity, respectively (Fig. 4). ...
... (20.0%) and leucine to phenylalanine (1.3%). Only 13 and 7 editing sites caused amino acids to change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and to maintain their hydrophilicity, respectively (Fig. 4). ...
Chapter25_Outline
... • The reading frame may be influenced by the sequence of mRNA and the ribosomal environment. • recoding – Events that occur when the meaning of a codon or series of codons is changed from that predicted by the genetic code. – It may involve altered interactions between aminoacyl-tRNA and mRNA that a ...
... • The reading frame may be influenced by the sequence of mRNA and the ribosomal environment. • recoding – Events that occur when the meaning of a codon or series of codons is changed from that predicted by the genetic code. – It may involve altered interactions between aminoacyl-tRNA and mRNA that a ...
current micro 40/5 - Bashan Foundation
... in A. nidulans. These genes are spread over the genome in S. PCC 6803 [26] and have not yet been characterized for A. variabilis. Although the hydrogenase genes from several cyanobacteria have been described up to now, transcript analyses of the hup and hox genes have been performed solely for Nosto ...
... in A. nidulans. These genes are spread over the genome in S. PCC 6803 [26] and have not yet been characterized for A. variabilis. Although the hydrogenase genes from several cyanobacteria have been described up to now, transcript analyses of the hup and hox genes have been performed solely for Nosto ...
The importance of alternative splicing in the drug discovery process
... negative splice variants that regulate their activity [13]. Aberrant splicing can result in pathological states. Approximately 15% of the single basepair mutations that cause human genetic diseases are thought to be linked to pre-mRNA splicing defects [14]. The human mutations database [15] currentl ...
... negative splice variants that regulate their activity [13]. Aberrant splicing can result in pathological states. Approximately 15% of the single basepair mutations that cause human genetic diseases are thought to be linked to pre-mRNA splicing defects [14]. The human mutations database [15] currentl ...
DNA Sequencing by Targeting 16S rRNA Gene for Novel Strain
... could be up-regulated for use in different industries 12. Bacteria are the most dominant group of enzyme producer. Bacteria belonging to Bacillus sp. are by far the most important source of several commercial microbial enzymes. They can be cultivated under unfavorable conditions to give rise to prod ...
... could be up-regulated for use in different industries 12. Bacteria are the most dominant group of enzyme producer. Bacteria belonging to Bacillus sp. are by far the most important source of several commercial microbial enzymes. They can be cultivated under unfavorable conditions to give rise to prod ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
... characterization indicates that contributions of pre-mRNA splicing defects to human diseases have been underestimated and could account for pleiotropic phenotypes. The understanding o f the molecular mechanisms allows the development of therapeutic strategies. mRNA. This process can be regulated in ...
... characterization indicates that contributions of pre-mRNA splicing defects to human diseases have been underestimated and could account for pleiotropic phenotypes. The understanding o f the molecular mechanisms allows the development of therapeutic strategies. mRNA. This process can be regulated in ...
Nuclear–chloroplast
... Transcription in the chloroplast resembles that of prokaryotes, particularly in the use of consensus promoter elements. Plastid genomes are transcribed by two different RNA polymerases: a nuclear encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) that transcribes genes required for transcription and translation, and a pl ...
... Transcription in the chloroplast resembles that of prokaryotes, particularly in the use of consensus promoter elements. Plastid genomes are transcribed by two different RNA polymerases: a nuclear encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) that transcribes genes required for transcription and translation, and a pl ...
Force spectroscopy of single DNA and RNA molecules Mark C
... molecule to 1.7 times its contour length [2,19]. To describe this transition, a model of overstretched DNA as a new double-stranded form of DNA, referred to as S-DNA, was proposed [19]. Although models describing S-DNA did predict an overstretching transition, the predicted transition was less coope ...
... molecule to 1.7 times its contour length [2,19]. To describe this transition, a model of overstretched DNA as a new double-stranded form of DNA, referred to as S-DNA, was proposed [19]. Although models describing S-DNA did predict an overstretching transition, the predicted transition was less coope ...
Chapter 8 Introduction to Enzymes and Metabolism
... protein kinases and protein phosphatases are very important enzymes. f. Polymerases: Enzymes that put together monomers to form polymers. g. Proteases: Enzymes that break down proteins. Specific enzyme names can then be made by adding terms to the function name. Examples: a. DNA Polymerase: an enzym ...
... protein kinases and protein phosphatases are very important enzymes. f. Polymerases: Enzymes that put together monomers to form polymers. g. Proteases: Enzymes that break down proteins. Specific enzyme names can then be made by adding terms to the function name. Examples: a. DNA Polymerase: an enzym ...
Inhibition of RNA Synthesis by Anthracycline Analogs
... of anthracyclines in the treatment of leukemias and other forms of cancer. The biological and pharmacological activities of these drugs appear to be, at least in part, due to their ability to interact with DNA. ...
... of anthracyclines in the treatment of leukemias and other forms of cancer. The biological and pharmacological activities of these drugs appear to be, at least in part, due to their ability to interact with DNA. ...
Monoallelic Expression and Dominance
... 1994). We detected no consistent differences between SaSa and SaSb plants in the methylation state of SCRa within the two exons and one intron of the gene and within approximately 500 bp of sequence 5⬘ of the initiating codon. We also failed to detect SCRa degradation products or small SCRa-related ...
... 1994). We detected no consistent differences between SaSa and SaSb plants in the methylation state of SCRa within the two exons and one intron of the gene and within approximately 500 bp of sequence 5⬘ of the initiating codon. We also failed to detect SCRa degradation products or small SCRa-related ...
Streptococcus pyogenes - Mike Dyall
... 1. Overview of translation in bacteria (comparison with eucarya) components, genetic code, process. 2. Features of mRNA and tRNA 4. Ribosome structure and function (compared to eucarya) 5. Initiation and termination factors and the process of translation 6. Briefly touch on protein folding. *export ...
... 1. Overview of translation in bacteria (comparison with eucarya) components, genetic code, process. 2. Features of mRNA and tRNA 4. Ribosome structure and function (compared to eucarya) 5. Initiation and termination factors and the process of translation 6. Briefly touch on protein folding. *export ...
Transcriptional Attenuation
... bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an attenuator, is regulated in response to a physiologically relevant signal (Bau ...
... bacterial gene regulation, however, it has acquired a more restricted definition and is used to describe a mechanism in which the level of transcriptional termination at a single, specific site within an operon, called an attenuator, is regulated in response to a physiologically relevant signal (Bau ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 分析與應用
... • SNPs are useful for finding genes that contribute to disease, in two ways. Some SNP alleles are the actual DNA sequence variants that cause differences in gene function or regulation that directly contribute to disease processes. Most SNP alleles, however, probably contribute little to disease. Th ...
... • SNPs are useful for finding genes that contribute to disease, in two ways. Some SNP alleles are the actual DNA sequence variants that cause differences in gene function or regulation that directly contribute to disease processes. Most SNP alleles, however, probably contribute little to disease. Th ...
human tRNA(m22G26)dimethyltransferase: functional expression
... mediates the formation of one specific modification, but does so at more than one site (16–19). The yeast enzyme tRNA(m22G)dimethyltransferase, encoded by a single nuclear TRM1 gene (20,21) modifies G26 to m22G in both nuclear encoded and mitochondrial yeast tRNAs (21,22). TRM1 homologs from several ...
... mediates the formation of one specific modification, but does so at more than one site (16–19). The yeast enzyme tRNA(m22G)dimethyltransferase, encoded by a single nuclear TRM1 gene (20,21) modifies G26 to m22G in both nuclear encoded and mitochondrial yeast tRNAs (21,22). TRM1 homologs from several ...
Controlling morpholino experiments: don`t stop making antisense
... [Editorial, Nature Genetics 26(2), 129-130], that MOs could be targeted to knockdown specific gene expression both in frog (Heasman et al., 2000) and in zebrafish (Ekker, 2000; Nasevicius and Ekker, 2000). The power of MOs to test gene function was quickly recognised and applied to other organisms, ...
... [Editorial, Nature Genetics 26(2), 129-130], that MOs could be targeted to knockdown specific gene expression both in frog (Heasman et al., 2000) and in zebrafish (Ekker, 2000; Nasevicius and Ekker, 2000). The power of MOs to test gene function was quickly recognised and applied to other organisms, ...
Coordination of replication and transcription along a Drosophila
... arrays of cDNAs have demonstrated a correlation between time of replication and the probability that a specific gene is expressed, it remained to be determined what step(s) in the replication initiation process are influenced by transcription. Similarly, because the prior studies lacked contiguous i ...
... arrays of cDNAs have demonstrated a correlation between time of replication and the probability that a specific gene is expressed, it remained to be determined what step(s) in the replication initiation process are influenced by transcription. Similarly, because the prior studies lacked contiguous i ...
Induction of the white egg3 mutant phenotype by injection of the
... The Bmwh3 gene is a suitable gene to determine the effect of the dsRNA-mediated interference in the silkworm. In the wild-type silkworm, the eggs and the eyes are dark brown. This colour is caused by the accumulation of ommochrome pigments. Although several different loci responsible for the white e ...
... The Bmwh3 gene is a suitable gene to determine the effect of the dsRNA-mediated interference in the silkworm. In the wild-type silkworm, the eggs and the eyes are dark brown. This colour is caused by the accumulation of ommochrome pigments. Although several different loci responsible for the white e ...
Rolling circle transcription on smallest size double stranded DNA
... While DNA is much more stable than its twin RNA owing to the absence of the latter’s ribose 2’ Hydroxyl group it is still very much affected by its surroundings. The major modes of damage to hydrolysed DNA are depurination of the sugar base, deamination of the base itself and general oxidative proce ...
... While DNA is much more stable than its twin RNA owing to the absence of the latter’s ribose 2’ Hydroxyl group it is still very much affected by its surroundings. The major modes of damage to hydrolysed DNA are depurination of the sugar base, deamination of the base itself and general oxidative proce ...