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Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... A) small population size B) no mutations C) random mating D) no immigration E) none of the above ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... • To reduce P by ½, if µ= 10-5 & Po =0.96 • Requires 69,000 generations • Mutation source of genetic variation does not really cause rapid evolutionary change ...
Microevolution Evolution within a population
Microevolution Evolution within a population

... population, which is now susceptible to random changes in gene frequencies Reduction in diversity and inbreeding puts this species at risk of extinction ...
Genetic Equilibrium
Genetic Equilibrium

... 1. Large population size - small populations can have chance fluctuations in allele frequencies (e.g., fire, storm). ...
Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... – A group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait, which creates more variety in phenotypes – Many human traits are controlled by polygenic inheritance, such as hair and eye color ...
Agents of Evolution - rosedale11universitybiology
Agents of Evolution - rosedale11universitybiology

... Gene flow is the gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of individuals or gametes. This could result from immigration or emigration. ...
Biology Vocab Words
Biology Vocab Words

... between homologous chromosomes during meiosis one ...
10.2-Heredity (Mendel)
10.2-Heredity (Mendel)

... Mendel studied pea plants because . . .  peas reproduce sexually, with egg & sperm  sperm is transferred to egg by pollination – he could control in a lab to do an experiment ...
Ch. 10- Genetics
Ch. 10- Genetics

... More genetics vocab… ...
Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 21
Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 21

... off. The population has greatly reduced in size and now has a more limited genetic variation. By chance, some alleles have survived the disaster in higher numbers than others. Also, genetic drift will have a much higher effect on the population due to its small size. Even after the population number ...
Genetics - Midway ISD
Genetics - Midway ISD

... Multiple Alleles/Polygenic Traits • Multiple alleles are when there is more than two possible alleles that exist for each trait in a population. Example: blood type (A, B, AB, O) • Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes. Example: variations in human skin ...
Review of Hardy-Weinberg Mathematical Formulas
Review of Hardy-Weinberg Mathematical Formulas

... 0.40. The rest of the alleles (60%) would be a, and the frequency of the recessive allele q would be equal to 0.60, because p + q = 1. These are referred to as allele frequencies. The frequency of the possible diploid combinations, or genotypes, of these alleles (AA, Aa, aa) is expressed as p2 + 2pq ...
Mendel Notes
Mendel Notes

Genetics PowerPoint - Ms. Melissa King Math and Science
Genetics PowerPoint - Ms. Melissa King Math and Science

... In these family trees, squares symbolize males and circles represent females. A horizontal line connecting a male and female (--) indicates a mating, with offspring listed below in their order of birth, from left to right. Shaded symbols stand for individuals with the trait being traced. ...
Introduction to Genetics and Heredity
Introduction to Genetics and Heredity

... 2. Genes are small segments of DNA present on chromosomes that  code for a particular protein. Multiple genes are found on one chromosome. - The estimated # of genes in the human genome is between 30,000 and ...
Aim #69 - Manhasset Schools
Aim #69 - Manhasset Schools

... b) Inbreeding: is the continued breeding of organisms with similar characteristics. ...
Genetics
Genetics

... • A recessive allele shows up only when there is no dominant allele present • Shown with a lower-case letter ...
How many lethal alleles? - University of Edinburgh
How many lethal alleles? - University of Edinburgh

... fish. More experiments are needed, however, to know whether this result is general. There have been very few attempts to estimate the mean number of lethal alleles per individual in wild populations (R, see Glossary), and until recently there was only one reliable estimate available from any vertebr ...
Evolution of Populations Summary of Natural Selection
Evolution of Populations Summary of Natural Selection

... survive are more likely to pass down the beneficial traits to their offspring Over LONG periods of time the beneficial traits become prevalent throughout the population All species alive today are descended with modifications from ancestral species thus uniting all living things in a tree of life ...
Variationand geneticdrift12
Variationand geneticdrift12

Genetics - TeacherWeb
Genetics - TeacherWeb

... Father of genetics  Univ. of Vienna monk 1851  Wondered why different pea plants had different characteristics  He observed that many pea plants’ traits were similar to their parents ...
Genetics Guided Notes: ANSWER KEY Name
Genetics Guided Notes: ANSWER KEY Name

... Homozygous Dominant – when an individual has two dominant alleles for a gene Ex : AA Homozygous Recessive – when an individual has two recessive alleles for a gene Ex: aa Heterozygous – when an individual has both a dominant and a recessive allele for a gene ...
Powerpoint - Colorado FFA
Powerpoint - Colorado FFA

... males then females. Color blindness is caused by a recessive trait on the X chromosome. About eight percent of the male population has a form of colorblindness, whereas the female population is less then one percent. ...
Hardy (Castle) Weinberg Equilibrium: Deviations from Hardy
Hardy (Castle) Weinberg Equilibrium: Deviations from Hardy

... In a small population, the sampling of gametes and fertilization to create zygotes causes random error in allele frequencies. This results in a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. This deviation is larger at small sample sizes and smaller at large sample sizes. Think of it like tossing co ...
LEQ: What did Mendel discover about the patterns of inheritance?
LEQ: What did Mendel discover about the patterns of inheritance?

... idea that acquired traits are inherited  Lamark thought that organisms adapted to changes in their environment through altered behaviors. The behaviors lead to selective use or disuse of given structures causing them to increase or decrease in size. ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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