TNM Staging: Prostate - Kentucky Cancer Registry
... TRUS – Transrectal Ultrasound that is used for diagnostic purposes and to learn the location of the tumor TURP - Transurethral Resection of the Prostate is a commonly used surgical treatment during which a surgeon inserts a resectoscope into the urethra. The surgeon will place a cutting loop through ...
... TRUS – Transrectal Ultrasound that is used for diagnostic purposes and to learn the location of the tumor TURP - Transurethral Resection of the Prostate is a commonly used surgical treatment during which a surgeon inserts a resectoscope into the urethra. The surgeon will place a cutting loop through ...
Cochlear labyrinth (pars auditiva labyrinthi)
... duct and follows the spirals throughout the cochlea (Fig. 1728). Towards the interior of the duct it is covered by a gel-like membrane (membrana tectoria). The organ of Corti includes two different types of cells: Sensory cells, Supporting cells: Columnar and phalangeal cells. ...
... duct and follows the spirals throughout the cochlea (Fig. 1728). Towards the interior of the duct it is covered by a gel-like membrane (membrana tectoria). The organ of Corti includes two different types of cells: Sensory cells, Supporting cells: Columnar and phalangeal cells. ...
Blood/Vessels - Austin Community College
... 1. Locate and identify the tissue layers of arteries and veins (listed below) on microscope slides and models. 2. Differentiate arteries from veins from capillaries on microscope slides and on models. _____ tunica interna (also called tunica intima) _____ internal elastic lamina _____ tunica media _ ...
... 1. Locate and identify the tissue layers of arteries and veins (listed below) on microscope slides and models. 2. Differentiate arteries from veins from capillaries on microscope slides and on models. _____ tunica interna (also called tunica intima) _____ internal elastic lamina _____ tunica media _ ...
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF UDDER
... What are the specific anatomical structures of the udder that are involved in holding the udder onto the body wall? • The cow in image A below has an udder that is held firmly to the body wall. • In contrast, the cow in image B below has a deep udder that hangs down away from the body. • What are t ...
... What are the specific anatomical structures of the udder that are involved in holding the udder onto the body wall? • The cow in image A below has an udder that is held firmly to the body wall. • In contrast, the cow in image B below has a deep udder that hangs down away from the body. • What are t ...
No Slide Title
... Intraneural Tumors of Nonneural Origin • Types – lipofibromatous hamartomas • seen if first decade of life • associated with median nerve • treatment - carpal tunnel release after excision of tumor ...
... Intraneural Tumors of Nonneural Origin • Types – lipofibromatous hamartomas • seen if first decade of life • associated with median nerve • treatment - carpal tunnel release after excision of tumor ...
File - Wk 1-2
... 3. Chief cells populate the lower half of the gastric glands in the fundas and the body of the stomach. Chief cells secrete and produce enzymes for the digestion of protein and fat, specifically, pepsinogen and lipase A very small amount of absorption takes place in the stomach, but the majority occ ...
... 3. Chief cells populate the lower half of the gastric glands in the fundas and the body of the stomach. Chief cells secrete and produce enzymes for the digestion of protein and fat, specifically, pepsinogen and lipase A very small amount of absorption takes place in the stomach, but the majority occ ...
Reproductive System Part B
... The hypothalamus releases gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH ...
... The hypothalamus releases gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH ...
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
... cells for diagnosis and screening of diseases, including cancers • practice of screeners, cytotechnicians, ...
... cells for diagnosis and screening of diseases, including cancers • practice of screeners, cytotechnicians, ...
Internal Carotid Arteries (80%)
... Astrocytes Synthesize Neurotransmitters □ ~ 20 neurotransmitters including Glutamate and GABA Glutamine is only produced in astrocytes by unique enzyme glutamine synthetase and released to brain ECF to be converted to glutamate Glutamate may be converted into GABA while other is taken up again ...
... Astrocytes Synthesize Neurotransmitters □ ~ 20 neurotransmitters including Glutamate and GABA Glutamine is only produced in astrocytes by unique enzyme glutamine synthetase and released to brain ECF to be converted to glutamate Glutamate may be converted into GABA while other is taken up again ...
DERIVATIVES OF THE ENDODERMAL GERM LAYER
... and weighs about 500 to 600 g. approximately 30 minutes after birth of the child, is expelled from the uterine cavity as the afterbirth. When the placenta is viewed from the maternal side, 15 to20 slightly bulging areas, the cotyledons, covered by a thin layer of decidua basalis, are clearly recogni ...
... and weighs about 500 to 600 g. approximately 30 minutes after birth of the child, is expelled from the uterine cavity as the afterbirth. When the placenta is viewed from the maternal side, 15 to20 slightly bulging areas, the cotyledons, covered by a thin layer of decidua basalis, are clearly recogni ...
Embryology_Objectives heart 2008
... Septum formation of the AV canal Towards the end of the fourth week, two mesenchymal cushions, the atrioventricular endocardial cushions, appear at the superior and inferior borders of the AV canal Initially the AV canal gives access only to the primitive left ventricle and is separated from bul ...
... Septum formation of the AV canal Towards the end of the fourth week, two mesenchymal cushions, the atrioventricular endocardial cushions, appear at the superior and inferior borders of the AV canal Initially the AV canal gives access only to the primitive left ventricle and is separated from bul ...
Primary Parapharyngeal tumors
... Most useful study Relationship of mass and carotid more easily seen than with CT Characteristic appearances of tumor types on MRI allows preoperative Dx in 90-95% of patients ...
... Most useful study Relationship of mass and carotid more easily seen than with CT Characteristic appearances of tumor types on MRI allows preoperative Dx in 90-95% of patients ...
The importance of mesorectal excision in preventing
... – 15% of females had vaginectomy – 4% of males had prostatectomy • Are we less aggressive in males? • Can this explain gender differences in local recurrence? ...
... – 15% of females had vaginectomy – 4% of males had prostatectomy • Are we less aggressive in males? • Can this explain gender differences in local recurrence? ...
27 - FacultyWeb Support Center
... • 70% of women with breast cancer have no known risk factors • Early detection via self-examination and mammography • Treatment depends upon the characteristics of the lesion: • Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery followed by irradiation and chemotherapy ...
... • 70% of women with breast cancer have no known risk factors • Early detection via self-examination and mammography • Treatment depends upon the characteristics of the lesion: • Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery followed by irradiation and chemotherapy ...
The general features of respiratory system
... Delivery of Oxygen (in air) to the alveoli of the lungs Gaseous Exchange: Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood Oxygen Utilization: Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue (cellular respiration) Ventilation and gaseous exchange at the air blood interface are collectively kno ...
... Delivery of Oxygen (in air) to the alveoli of the lungs Gaseous Exchange: Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood Oxygen Utilization: Exchange of gases between the blood and tissue (cellular respiration) Ventilation and gaseous exchange at the air blood interface are collectively kno ...
Primary (central) lymphoid organs Thymus
... – fills space between the lungs – blamed for sudden death infant syndrome („thymic asthma“; „status thymolymphaticus“) ...
... – fills space between the lungs – blamed for sudden death infant syndrome („thymic asthma“; „status thymolymphaticus“) ...
Mohammed Mustafa Qonswa Esmail _Review
... The sympathetic preganalionic cells lie in the lateral horn of the spinal cord from 12th thoracic to the 1st lumbar segments. They send preganglionic fibers to thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves. The postganglionic fibers are in the coeliac, renal and superior hypogastric plexus and for the lowes ...
... The sympathetic preganalionic cells lie in the lateral horn of the spinal cord from 12th thoracic to the 1st lumbar segments. They send preganglionic fibers to thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves. The postganglionic fibers are in the coeliac, renal and superior hypogastric plexus and for the lowes ...
Blood Basics 1112
... Rh Factors • Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to learn more about the human anatomy because there are certain similarities between the two species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, ...
... Rh Factors • Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to learn more about the human anatomy because there are certain similarities between the two species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, ...
Developmental Anatomy 13
... From last day, a complete hypospadias may lead to misdiagnosis of sex which may have severe psychological repercussions for the future. A. Congenital anomalies of the kidney: The kidney develops at sacral levels and later the body wall grows faster and the kidney moves up into the abdomen. The kidne ...
... From last day, a complete hypospadias may lead to misdiagnosis of sex which may have severe psychological repercussions for the future. A. Congenital anomalies of the kidney: The kidney develops at sacral levels and later the body wall grows faster and the kidney moves up into the abdomen. The kidne ...
Lab6 - Personal
... LENS is held in position by a suspensory ligament composed of zonular fibers . The lens is a soft, biconvex structure and has an outer capsule of hyaline material; the lens epithelium (below the capsule), which is a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells; the center region composed of tightly packed c ...
... LENS is held in position by a suspensory ligament composed of zonular fibers . The lens is a soft, biconvex structure and has an outer capsule of hyaline material; the lens epithelium (below the capsule), which is a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells; the center region composed of tightly packed c ...
Conceptus – anything developed from fertilized egg
... becomes the cytotrophoblastic shell surrounding the chorionic sac and attaching to the endometrium. On the exterior of the shell, anchoring stem chorionic villi grow outward with terminal branch chorionic villi extending from them. The chorion now consists of outer structures of the trilaminar disc ...
... becomes the cytotrophoblastic shell surrounding the chorionic sac and attaching to the endometrium. On the exterior of the shell, anchoring stem chorionic villi grow outward with terminal branch chorionic villi extending from them. The chorion now consists of outer structures of the trilaminar disc ...
1 • The ear ( vestibulo-acoustic organs ) consists of vestibular
... epithelial cells, that cover the lowermost portion of the lateral wall of the cochlear duct and then medially the upper surface of the most lateral portion of the basilar membrane. These cells are called the cells of Claudius. The space below the spiral prominence and lined by the cells of Claudius ...
... epithelial cells, that cover the lowermost portion of the lateral wall of the cochlear duct and then medially the upper surface of the most lateral portion of the basilar membrane. These cells are called the cells of Claudius. The space below the spiral prominence and lined by the cells of Claudius ...
ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM
... lumen following fusion of the limiting membrane of the granule with the luminal membrane. Once in the lumen, pepsinogens are converted to pepsin. A variety of endocrine, or enteroendocrine, cells are scattered among the cells of the oxyntic glands. These cells vary in location, being either open or ...
... lumen following fusion of the limiting membrane of the granule with the luminal membrane. Once in the lumen, pepsinogens are converted to pepsin. A variety of endocrine, or enteroendocrine, cells are scattered among the cells of the oxyntic glands. These cells vary in location, being either open or ...
Liver and Gall Bladder
... The liver is composed of various components: Hepatocyte. These major functional cells, specialized epithelial cells, make up 80 % of the volume of the liver, and are responsible for an extensive assortment of metabolic, secretory, and endocrine functions. Hepatic laminae are three dimensional compl ...
... The liver is composed of various components: Hepatocyte. These major functional cells, specialized epithelial cells, make up 80 % of the volume of the liver, and are responsible for an extensive assortment of metabolic, secretory, and endocrine functions. Hepatic laminae are three dimensional compl ...
Document
... Eyes are the photosensory organs of the body. Light passes through the cornea, lens, and several refractory structures of the orb; light is then focused by the lens on the light-sensitive portion of the neural tunic of the eye, the retina, which contains the photosensitive rods and cones. Through a ...
... Eyes are the photosensory organs of the body. Light passes through the cornea, lens, and several refractory structures of the orb; light is then focused by the lens on the light-sensitive portion of the neural tunic of the eye, the retina, which contains the photosensitive rods and cones. Through a ...
Circulating tumor cell
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have shed into the vasculature from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. CTCs thus constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastasis) in vital distant organs, triggering a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths.CTCs were observed for the first time in 1869 in the blood of a man with metastatic cancer by Thomas Ashworth, who postulated that “cells identical with those of the cancer itself being seen in the blood may tend to throw some light upon the mode of origin of multiple tumours existing in the same person”. A thorough comparison of the morphology of the circulating cells to tumor cells from different lesions led Ashworth to conclude that “One thing is certain, that if they [CTC] came from an existing cancer structure, they must have passed through the greater part of the circulatory system to have arrived at the internal saphena vein of the sound leg”.The importance of CTC's in modern cancer research began in the mid 1990's with the demonstration [J. Uhr, UT-Dallas, L. Terstappen and P. Liberti, Immunicon, Philadelphia] that CTC's exist early on in the course of the disease. Those results were made possible by exquisitely sensitive magnetic separation technology employing Ferrofluids (colloidal magnetic nanoparticles) and high gradient magnetic separators invented by Liberti at Immunicon and motivated by theoretical calculations by Liberti and Terstappen that indicated very small tumors shedding cells at less than 1.0 % per day should result in detectable cells in blood. A variety of other technologies have been applied to CTC enumeration and identification since that time.Modern cancer research has demonstrated that CTCs derive from clones in the primary tumor, validating Ashworth's remarks. The significant efforts put into understanding the CTCs biological properties have demonstrated the critical role circulating tumor cells play in the metastatic spread of carcinoma.Furthermore, highly sensitive, single-cell analysis demonstrated a high level of heterogeneity seen at the single cell level for both protein expression and protein localization and the CTCs reflected both the primary biopsy and the changes seen in the metastatic sites. Tissue biopsies are poor diagnostic procedures: they are invasive, cannot be used repeatedly, and are ineffective in understanding metastatic risk, disease progression, and treatment effectiveness. CTCs thus could be considered a “liquid biopsy” which reveals metastasis in action, providing live information about the patient’s disease status. Analysis of blood samples found a propensity for increased CTC detection as the disease progressed in individual patients. Blood tests are easy and safe to perform and multiple samples can be taken over time. By contrast, analysis of solid tumors necessitates invasive procedures that might limit patient compliance. The ability to monitor disease progression over time could facilitate appropriate modification to a patient's therapy, potentially improving their prognosis and quality of life.To this end, technologies with the requisite sensitivity and reproducibility to detect CTCs in patients with metastatic disease have recently been developed.