Breast Cancer
... are needed. In cancer, this orderly process goes wrong and cells begin to grow and multiply uncontrollably. ...
... are needed. In cancer, this orderly process goes wrong and cells begin to grow and multiply uncontrollably. ...
Block 2 Unit 1 Objectives
... crest, and are involved in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin through a series of reactions using the enzyme tyrosinase. They are known as “clear cells” in light microscopy because they have no desmosomes and can form clear regions around themselves during preparation. There are approximately 800 ...
... crest, and are involved in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin through a series of reactions using the enzyme tyrosinase. They are known as “clear cells” in light microscopy because they have no desmosomes and can form clear regions around themselves during preparation. There are approximately 800 ...
Lymphatic System PPT
... NO red blood cells or protein molecules (too large) Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion Since the lymphatic system has no pump, skeletal muscle action squeezes lymph along Valves prevent backward flow ...
... NO red blood cells or protein molecules (too large) Carries digested food, O2 and hormones to cells Carries wastes back to capillaries for excretion Since the lymphatic system has no pump, skeletal muscle action squeezes lymph along Valves prevent backward flow ...
Operative approaches to lateral and third ventricular
... Operative approaches to lateral and third ventricular tumors ...
... Operative approaches to lateral and third ventricular tumors ...
Anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary
... since it is not easy to obtain fresh specimens. thalamus with the frontal lobes of the brain. A massive tract of myelinated fibres, the fornix Conklin (1966, 1968) gives useful descriptions of brings impulses from each temporal lobe to the these cells in the human (see also Doniach, 1977). ipsilater ...
... since it is not easy to obtain fresh specimens. thalamus with the frontal lobes of the brain. A massive tract of myelinated fibres, the fornix Conklin (1966, 1968) gives useful descriptions of brings impulses from each temporal lobe to the these cells in the human (see also Doniach, 1977). ipsilater ...
iv splanchnology
... liberation of the oocyte. It is stimulated by LH hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland in response to high amounts of circulating estrogen. Blood increase to the site as well as local release of histamine, prostaglandins, vasopressin and collagenase. Granular cells become loose and fol ...
... liberation of the oocyte. It is stimulated by LH hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland in response to high amounts of circulating estrogen. Blood increase to the site as well as local release of histamine, prostaglandins, vasopressin and collagenase. Granular cells become loose and fol ...
Ocular Pathology Review © 2014 Ralph C. Eagle, Jr., M.D.
... Foreign body giant cell Contains or surrounds foreign material, nuclei random If foreign body is too large, body "walls it off" with “insulation” of foreign body giant cells ( e.g.., precipitates on IOL's) Touton giant cell Peripheral wreath of foamy lipid surrounds ring of nuclei Characteristic fin ...
... Foreign body giant cell Contains or surrounds foreign material, nuclei random If foreign body is too large, body "walls it off" with “insulation” of foreign body giant cells ( e.g.., precipitates on IOL's) Touton giant cell Peripheral wreath of foamy lipid surrounds ring of nuclei Characteristic fin ...
Portland Community College, Sylvania Campus BI 232 Lab
... of singular and plural usage because these mistakes will count as spelling errors. Absences: You cannot miss more than two labs and still pass the course. Also you can only attend another instructor’s class once during the quarter. This must be approved by both instructors. If you attend another ins ...
... of singular and plural usage because these mistakes will count as spelling errors. Absences: You cannot miss more than two labs and still pass the course. Also you can only attend another instructor’s class once during the quarter. This must be approved by both instructors. If you attend another ins ...
A different
... • Bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple expanding cysts that ultimately destroy the parenchyma • Pathology – external surface appears to be composed entirely of cysts up to 3-4 cm – microscopically functioning nephrons exist between cysts – cysts arise from tubules and therefore have variable l ...
... • Bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple expanding cysts that ultimately destroy the parenchyma • Pathology – external surface appears to be composed entirely of cysts up to 3-4 cm – microscopically functioning nephrons exist between cysts – cysts arise from tubules and therefore have variable l ...
LabPracticalIBio242LGRCC
... 34. Both of the people in the photos above suffer from the same endocrine disorder. What is the name of the disorder? 35. What, specifically, is wrong with the organ responsible for this disorder? ...
... 34. Both of the people in the photos above suffer from the same endocrine disorder. What is the name of the disorder? 35. What, specifically, is wrong with the organ responsible for this disorder? ...
Chapter 1 Basic science
... 2 Middle: very thick, spiral muscle fibres with blood vessels between 3 Inner: thin, oblique with condensation at each cornu and at the upper and lower end of the cervical canal — the internal and external os. Increase in size during pregnancy results mostly from hypertrophy of existing cells rather ...
... 2 Middle: very thick, spiral muscle fibres with blood vessels between 3 Inner: thin, oblique with condensation at each cornu and at the upper and lower end of the cervical canal — the internal and external os. Increase in size during pregnancy results mostly from hypertrophy of existing cells rather ...
Follow the Circulatory System
... circulatory system — it pumps blood up the horse's leg each time the frog makes contact with the ground. The blood flows down the horse's leg into the digital cushion, a fibrous part of the inner hoof located just above the frog which contains a network of blood vessels. The horse's weight then comp ...
... circulatory system — it pumps blood up the horse's leg each time the frog makes contact with the ground. The blood flows down the horse's leg into the digital cushion, a fibrous part of the inner hoof located just above the frog which contains a network of blood vessels. The horse's weight then comp ...
PTA 198 Anatomy and Physiology
... 7. Be able to identify/locate the endocrine glands on charts and models, also explain/describe hormones produced by each gland, the effect of these hormones, their target tissue and disorders associated with increased or decreased production.. a. Hypothalamus: neurosecretory cells, infundibulum Horm ...
... 7. Be able to identify/locate the endocrine glands on charts and models, also explain/describe hormones produced by each gland, the effect of these hormones, their target tissue and disorders associated with increased or decreased production.. a. Hypothalamus: neurosecretory cells, infundibulum Horm ...
IX, X, XL - Journal of Cell Science
... I have also observed it), and by Claparede and Metschnikow4 in Spio fuliginosus; this last observation I am also able to confirm from my own investigations. Such a stage of segmentation, though different enough from what is usually found in other animals, certainly cannot be considered abnormal as i ...
... I have also observed it), and by Claparede and Metschnikow4 in Spio fuliginosus; this last observation I am also able to confirm from my own investigations. Such a stage of segmentation, though different enough from what is usually found in other animals, certainly cannot be considered abnormal as i ...
2- Lateral wall of cochlear duct
... impulse/second) in the nerve fibers leaving the crista. Movement of endolymph and cupula towards the ampulla causes ↑ in impulse rate, and movement away from ampulla causes ↓ in the impulse rate. This mechanism can be explained by considering rotation in a rotating chair about vertical axis, when t ...
... impulse/second) in the nerve fibers leaving the crista. Movement of endolymph and cupula towards the ampulla causes ↑ in impulse rate, and movement away from ampulla causes ↓ in the impulse rate. This mechanism can be explained by considering rotation in a rotating chair about vertical axis, when t ...
eL BPH+PCa - UMF IASI 2015
... free-to-total PSA ratio < 25% would detect 95% of cancers, because prostate cancer patients demonstrate a lower percentage of free PSA (not protein-bound) ...
... free-to-total PSA ratio < 25% would detect 95% of cancers, because prostate cancer patients demonstrate a lower percentage of free PSA (not protein-bound) ...
Chapter 25
... ii. The sockets are lined by the periodontal ligament or membrane which anchors the teeth in position and acts as a shock absorber during chewing. iii. A typical tooth consists of three major regions: a. crown is the visible portion located above the level of the gums b. one to three roots are embed ...
... ii. The sockets are lined by the periodontal ligament or membrane which anchors the teeth in position and acts as a shock absorber during chewing. iii. A typical tooth consists of three major regions: a. crown is the visible portion located above the level of the gums b. one to three roots are embed ...
The laterl wall of the nose consists of medial surface of maxilla
... Most recurrences after radiotherapy have been blamed on geographic misses, but some authors have blamed inadequate dosing. The proper dosage of radiotherapy is debated. Cummings et al declared 30 Gy for three weeks adequate for tumor control, and found no greater control at higher dosages. Economou ...
... Most recurrences after radiotherapy have been blamed on geographic misses, but some authors have blamed inadequate dosing. The proper dosage of radiotherapy is debated. Cummings et al declared 30 Gy for three weeks adequate for tumor control, and found no greater control at higher dosages. Economou ...
Additional file 1
... expose the inferior vermis. The retraction of tonsils can be done by two retractor blades on a Greenberg clamp. However, more recently, a dynamic retraction technique is being adopted using the surgeon’s suction tubing and bipolar forceps in an area of interest, with an additional assistance for ret ...
... expose the inferior vermis. The retraction of tonsils can be done by two retractor blades on a Greenberg clamp. However, more recently, a dynamic retraction technique is being adopted using the surgeon’s suction tubing and bipolar forceps in an area of interest, with an additional assistance for ret ...
The Female Reproductive System
... granulosa cells enlarge, and along with internal thecal cells, form the corpus luteum • The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen • If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates in 10 days, leaving a scar (corpus albicans) • If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum produces ...
... granulosa cells enlarge, and along with internal thecal cells, form the corpus luteum • The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen • If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates in 10 days, leaving a scar (corpus albicans) • If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum produces ...
Female Reproductive System
... small cone-shaped projections of tissue. Over the mucous membrane are three layers of muscle tissue; the innermost layer has spirally arranged fibres, the middle layer has circular fibres, and the outermost sheath has longitudinal fibres that end in many fingerlike branches (fimbriae) near the ovari ...
... small cone-shaped projections of tissue. Over the mucous membrane are three layers of muscle tissue; the innermost layer has spirally arranged fibres, the middle layer has circular fibres, and the outermost sheath has longitudinal fibres that end in many fingerlike branches (fimbriae) near the ovari ...
1 Chapter 140: Cochlear Anatomy and Central Auditory Pathways
... duct and consists of loose connective tissues and cells rich in ion-transporting enzymes. Its lateral boundary is the inner surface of the otic capsule, and its medial boundary is formed by the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence (see Figs. 140-4 to 140-7). It extends into the scalae vestibul ...
... duct and consists of loose connective tissues and cells rich in ion-transporting enzymes. Its lateral boundary is the inner surface of the otic capsule, and its medial boundary is formed by the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence (see Figs. 140-4 to 140-7). It extends into the scalae vestibul ...
Circulating tumor cell
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have shed into the vasculature from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. CTCs thus constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastasis) in vital distant organs, triggering a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths.CTCs were observed for the first time in 1869 in the blood of a man with metastatic cancer by Thomas Ashworth, who postulated that “cells identical with those of the cancer itself being seen in the blood may tend to throw some light upon the mode of origin of multiple tumours existing in the same person”. A thorough comparison of the morphology of the circulating cells to tumor cells from different lesions led Ashworth to conclude that “One thing is certain, that if they [CTC] came from an existing cancer structure, they must have passed through the greater part of the circulatory system to have arrived at the internal saphena vein of the sound leg”.The importance of CTC's in modern cancer research began in the mid 1990's with the demonstration [J. Uhr, UT-Dallas, L. Terstappen and P. Liberti, Immunicon, Philadelphia] that CTC's exist early on in the course of the disease. Those results were made possible by exquisitely sensitive magnetic separation technology employing Ferrofluids (colloidal magnetic nanoparticles) and high gradient magnetic separators invented by Liberti at Immunicon and motivated by theoretical calculations by Liberti and Terstappen that indicated very small tumors shedding cells at less than 1.0 % per day should result in detectable cells in blood. A variety of other technologies have been applied to CTC enumeration and identification since that time.Modern cancer research has demonstrated that CTCs derive from clones in the primary tumor, validating Ashworth's remarks. The significant efforts put into understanding the CTCs biological properties have demonstrated the critical role circulating tumor cells play in the metastatic spread of carcinoma.Furthermore, highly sensitive, single-cell analysis demonstrated a high level of heterogeneity seen at the single cell level for both protein expression and protein localization and the CTCs reflected both the primary biopsy and the changes seen in the metastatic sites. Tissue biopsies are poor diagnostic procedures: they are invasive, cannot be used repeatedly, and are ineffective in understanding metastatic risk, disease progression, and treatment effectiveness. CTCs thus could be considered a “liquid biopsy” which reveals metastasis in action, providing live information about the patient’s disease status. Analysis of blood samples found a propensity for increased CTC detection as the disease progressed in individual patients. Blood tests are easy and safe to perform and multiple samples can be taken over time. By contrast, analysis of solid tumors necessitates invasive procedures that might limit patient compliance. The ability to monitor disease progression over time could facilitate appropriate modification to a patient's therapy, potentially improving their prognosis and quality of life.To this end, technologies with the requisite sensitivity and reproducibility to detect CTCs in patients with metastatic disease have recently been developed.