Chapter 5: Structure and function of macromolecules
... many cellulose molecules held together by H-bonding between hydroxyl group of glucose monomers, arranged in units called microfibrils. enzymes that hydrolyze alpha bonds unable to hydrolyze beta bonds very few organisms produce cellulases, enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose. Many fungi use cellulases ...
... many cellulose molecules held together by H-bonding between hydroxyl group of glucose monomers, arranged in units called microfibrils. enzymes that hydrolyze alpha bonds unable to hydrolyze beta bonds very few organisms produce cellulases, enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose. Many fungi use cellulases ...
Document
... to convert NH4+ to urea, a less toxic molecule. Note that citrulline is transported across the inner membrane by a carrier for neutral amino acids. Ornithine is transported in exchange for H+ or citrulline. Fumarate is transported back into the mitochondrial matrix. Because the urea cycle was discov ...
... to convert NH4+ to urea, a less toxic molecule. Note that citrulline is transported across the inner membrane by a carrier for neutral amino acids. Ornithine is transported in exchange for H+ or citrulline. Fumarate is transported back into the mitochondrial matrix. Because the urea cycle was discov ...
Macromolecules
... Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Only 40-50 common monomers are used to construct macromolecules New properties emerge when these are arranged in different orders ...
... Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Only 40-50 common monomers are used to construct macromolecules New properties emerge when these are arranged in different orders ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... Control of Metabolic Reactions Metabolic pathways • series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product • each new substrate is the product of the previous reaction ...
... Control of Metabolic Reactions Metabolic pathways • series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to formation of a product • each new substrate is the product of the previous reaction ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... were invariant over the range C2 to C8 (18 ± 2 µM). This poses the question as to whether the various acyl-CoAs in the wt model are located in the hydrophobic pocket or in the catalytic channel. In the latter case, acyl-CoAs would displace carnitine from its site. This appears to occur, as the carni ...
... were invariant over the range C2 to C8 (18 ± 2 µM). This poses the question as to whether the various acyl-CoAs in the wt model are located in the hydrophobic pocket or in the catalytic channel. In the latter case, acyl-CoAs would displace carnitine from its site. This appears to occur, as the carni ...
Биохимия жидкостей полости рта
... of saliva • Saliva contains proteins, lipids, vitamins, hormones, organic acids, non-protein nitrogenous compounds - urea, uric acid, free amino acids and nucleic acids. • Organic substances of saliva can be divided into 2 groups: protein and non-protein nature. • Most salivary proteins are glycopro ...
... of saliva • Saliva contains proteins, lipids, vitamins, hormones, organic acids, non-protein nitrogenous compounds - urea, uric acid, free amino acids and nucleic acids. • Organic substances of saliva can be divided into 2 groups: protein and non-protein nature. • Most salivary proteins are glycopro ...
Contents
... iochemistry is a new branch of science which aims at answering, in chemical language, questions such as ‘What is the life made of ?’ and ‘How does it work ?’ Whereas the eye works at the gross level of visible objects, the microscope reaches down to the cellular level, exposing details of the variou ...
... iochemistry is a new branch of science which aims at answering, in chemical language, questions such as ‘What is the life made of ?’ and ‘How does it work ?’ Whereas the eye works at the gross level of visible objects, the microscope reaches down to the cellular level, exposing details of the variou ...
Microbial Metabolism PowerPoint
... chemical reaction 2. often require specific cofactors to function A) organic cofactors (a.k.a. coenzymes) come from vitamins (ex. NAD & FAD) B) inorganic cofactors include Fe, Zn, Mg & Cu ...
... chemical reaction 2. often require specific cofactors to function A) organic cofactors (a.k.a. coenzymes) come from vitamins (ex. NAD & FAD) B) inorganic cofactors include Fe, Zn, Mg & Cu ...
Question about phospholipids:
... Histidine (H) are two of the amino acids important for binding the substrate? R and H both have positively charged sidechains. It makes sense that they would be able to form interactions with the negatively charged phosphate groups in the backbone of DNA/ RNA molecules and thus help the enzyme bind ...
... Histidine (H) are two of the amino acids important for binding the substrate? R and H both have positively charged sidechains. It makes sense that they would be able to form interactions with the negatively charged phosphate groups in the backbone of DNA/ RNA molecules and thus help the enzyme bind ...
2.277 December 2005 Final Exam
... An enzyme-catalyzed reaction was carried out with the substrate concentration initially 10 times greater than the Km for that substrate. After 15 minutes, 2% of the substrate had been converted to product, and the amount of product formed in the reaction mixture was 45 µmol. If, in a separate experi ...
... An enzyme-catalyzed reaction was carried out with the substrate concentration initially 10 times greater than the Km for that substrate. After 15 minutes, 2% of the substrate had been converted to product, and the amount of product formed in the reaction mixture was 45 µmol. If, in a separate experi ...
Slide 1
... Review questions 1. Why is it important to have sticky ends? 2. What is the purpose of the restriction enzymes? 3. How do you confirm the uptake of the gene into the plasmid? ...
... Review questions 1. Why is it important to have sticky ends? 2. What is the purpose of the restriction enzymes? 3. How do you confirm the uptake of the gene into the plasmid? ...
Translation Tjian lec 26
... synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme is shown. As indicated, the energy of ATP hydrolysis is used to attach each amino acid to its tRNA molecule in a high-energy linkage. The amino acid is first activated through the linkage of its carboxyl group directly to an AMP moiety, forming and ad ...
... synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme is shown. As indicated, the energy of ATP hydrolysis is used to attach each amino acid to its tRNA molecule in a high-energy linkage. The amino acid is first activated through the linkage of its carboxyl group directly to an AMP moiety, forming and ad ...
Sequence, expression, and characterization of the first archaeal ATP
... phosphoryl acceptors: in addition to F-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate, adenosine, fructose, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribose were accepted. Enzyme activity required divalent cations; Mg2+, which was most effective, could partially be replaced by Co2+, Ni2+, or Mn2+. The enzyme had a temperature optimum of 9 ...
... phosphoryl acceptors: in addition to F-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate, adenosine, fructose, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribose were accepted. Enzyme activity required divalent cations; Mg2+, which was most effective, could partially be replaced by Co2+, Ni2+, or Mn2+. The enzyme had a temperature optimum of 9 ...
Multiple Choice Questions- Chemistry and Metabolism of nucleotides
... His lab tests demonstrate a decrease in T cells, B cells , natural killer cells and decreased antibodies. He is found to have severe combined immuno deficiency . The enzyme that is defective in this disorder is important in which of the following processes ? a) Conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxy ...
... His lab tests demonstrate a decrease in T cells, B cells , natural killer cells and decreased antibodies. He is found to have severe combined immuno deficiency . The enzyme that is defective in this disorder is important in which of the following processes ? a) Conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxy ...
POSTER Vp-1
... One of the most widespread pentose sugars found in plant biomass is L-arabinose, a constituent of plant cell-wall polysaccharides L-arabinan, arabinogalactans and arabinoxylans. The pentose catabolic pathways are relevant for microorganisms living on decaying plant material but also in biotechnology ...
... One of the most widespread pentose sugars found in plant biomass is L-arabinose, a constituent of plant cell-wall polysaccharides L-arabinan, arabinogalactans and arabinoxylans. The pentose catabolic pathways are relevant for microorganisms living on decaying plant material but also in biotechnology ...
I. Energy
... 2. Induced fit model: After enzyme binds to substrate, it changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: ...
... 2. Induced fit model: After enzyme binds to substrate, it changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: ...
Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (UDG)
... Note the following when using dU-containing PCR products in downstream applications: PCR products containing dU perform as well as those containing dT when used as hybridization targets or as templates for dideoxy sequencing. PCR products containing dU can be cloned directly, if they are transformed ...
... Note the following when using dU-containing PCR products in downstream applications: PCR products containing dU perform as well as those containing dT when used as hybridization targets or as templates for dideoxy sequencing. PCR products containing dU can be cloned directly, if they are transformed ...
Chapter 5: The Working Cell
... 2. Induced fit model: After enzyme binds to substrate, it changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: ...
... 2. Induced fit model: After enzyme binds to substrate, it changes shape and lowers activation energy of the reaction by one of several mechanisms: ...
Access of the substrate to the active site of squalene and
... lipophilic channel of OSCs to reject the squalene nonepoxide before entrance into the active-site cavity, or does the rejection occur after entrance? Several findings suggest that selection occurs outside the active site. For instance, if an extended conformation is required for the substrate to pas ...
... lipophilic channel of OSCs to reject the squalene nonepoxide before entrance into the active-site cavity, or does the rejection occur after entrance? Several findings suggest that selection occurs outside the active site. For instance, if an extended conformation is required for the substrate to pas ...
Biochemistry Ch 35 663-676 [4-20
... -it acts as a retrograde messenger, binding to receptors on presynaptic membrane that later ion fluxes such that neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neuron can be increased and an analgesic effect obtained -degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, and inhibiting this enzyme can prolo ...
... -it acts as a retrograde messenger, binding to receptors on presynaptic membrane that later ion fluxes such that neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neuron can be increased and an analgesic effect obtained -degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, and inhibiting this enzyme can prolo ...
Micronutrient Cofactors
... Avidin produced in egg whites binds with biotin with affinity approaching covalent linkage (very small Kd!) Skin disorders Hair loss neuropathy Homocysteinemia Megaloblastic anemias Homocysteine is a dangerous ...
... Avidin produced in egg whites binds with biotin with affinity approaching covalent linkage (very small Kd!) Skin disorders Hair loss neuropathy Homocysteinemia Megaloblastic anemias Homocysteine is a dangerous ...
U4L21 fuel oxidation - The University of Sydney
... • There are specific transporters for FA – CD36 moves to the cell surface whenever there is a need to take up FA at a rapid rate • FA is carried on FABP (fatty acid binding protein) in ...
... • There are specific transporters for FA – CD36 moves to the cell surface whenever there is a need to take up FA at a rapid rate • FA is carried on FABP (fatty acid binding protein) in ...
Biomolecules
... Primary structure: the exact sequence of the different α-amino acids along the protein chain. Second and tertiary structure: the folding of the polyamide chain which give rise to higher levels of ...
... Primary structure: the exact sequence of the different α-amino acids along the protein chain. Second and tertiary structure: the folding of the polyamide chain which give rise to higher levels of ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.