Purification and some properties of UDP
... chromatography on peptide-Sepharose. The affinity ligand is a synthetic dodeca peptide described by Weilke et al. (1997) modified by replacement of two C-terminal lysine residues by glycine (Table II, peptide 2). Compared with the initially described peptide, no specific interaction with proteins ot ...
... chromatography on peptide-Sepharose. The affinity ligand is a synthetic dodeca peptide described by Weilke et al. (1997) modified by replacement of two C-terminal lysine residues by glycine (Table II, peptide 2). Compared with the initially described peptide, no specific interaction with proteins ot ...
Chapter 5 - Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry
... of two different amino acids. These bonds are very important in maintaining the tertiary structure of some proteins. The shape of a protein is typically described as being globular or fibrous. Globular proteins contain both coils and sheets. Quaternary structure Some proteins contain two or more pol ...
... of two different amino acids. These bonds are very important in maintaining the tertiary structure of some proteins. The shape of a protein is typically described as being globular or fibrous. Globular proteins contain both coils and sheets. Quaternary structure Some proteins contain two or more pol ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
BS2550 Lecture Notes cAMP
... cell’s ability to respond to adrenaline is restored. Alternatively, liposomes containing adrenergic receptors can be fused with cells to make the cells responsive to adrenaline (see Lodish Chapt 20). These experiments indicate that the receptor and the AC are free to move and to interact within th ...
... cell’s ability to respond to adrenaline is restored. Alternatively, liposomes containing adrenergic receptors can be fused with cells to make the cells responsive to adrenaline (see Lodish Chapt 20). These experiments indicate that the receptor and the AC are free to move and to interact within th ...
how cells obtain energy from food
... sugar in a cell, compared with ordinary burning. (A) If the sugar were oxidized to CO2 and H2O in a single step, it would release an amount of energy much larger than could be captured for useful purposes. (B) In the cell, enzymes catalyze oxidation via a series of small steps in which free energy i ...
... sugar in a cell, compared with ordinary burning. (A) If the sugar were oxidized to CO2 and H2O in a single step, it would release an amount of energy much larger than could be captured for useful purposes. (B) In the cell, enzymes catalyze oxidation via a series of small steps in which free energy i ...
Clinical usage of enzymes
... Myocardial infarct is a necrotic area in the heart caused by a deficient blood flow to that area as a result of a clot in the coronary vessel and/or narrowing of the vessel lumen. When the cardiac cells in the necrotic area die, their intracellular enzymes diffuse out of the cell into tissue flu ...
... Myocardial infarct is a necrotic area in the heart caused by a deficient blood flow to that area as a result of a clot in the coronary vessel and/or narrowing of the vessel lumen. When the cardiac cells in the necrotic area die, their intracellular enzymes diffuse out of the cell into tissue flu ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... juice, your insulin levels increase due to elevated blood glucose causing activation of the insulin signaling pathway and stimulation of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and an increase in glucose catabolism by the glycolytic pathway. ...
... juice, your insulin levels increase due to elevated blood glucose causing activation of the insulin signaling pathway and stimulation of glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and an increase in glucose catabolism by the glycolytic pathway. ...
Biochemistry - english for biology
... assay (ELISA), which uses antibodies, is currently one of the most sensitive tests modern medicine uses to detect various biomolecules. Probably the most important proteins, however, are the enzymes. These molecules recognize specific reactant molecules called substrates; they then catalyze the rea ...
... assay (ELISA), which uses antibodies, is currently one of the most sensitive tests modern medicine uses to detect various biomolecules. Probably the most important proteins, however, are the enzymes. These molecules recognize specific reactant molecules called substrates; they then catalyze the rea ...
AP Biology Unit 3 Study Guide Chapters 8, 9 and 10
... 6. Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy change. 7. Describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs. 8. Explain how ATP performs cellular work. 9. Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems. 10. Ex ...
... 6. Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions in terms of free energy change. 7. Describe the structure of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs. 8. Explain how ATP performs cellular work. 9. Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems. 10. Ex ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
Alginases from Azotobacter species
... poly-D-mannuronic acid and poly-L-guluronic acid, algal alginates of known mannuronic acid :guluronic acid ratio, and some bacterial alginates. The bacterial alginates were prepared in the laboratory, as were the homopolymeric sequences. Algal alginates were either purchased from Sigma or were gifts ...
... poly-D-mannuronic acid and poly-L-guluronic acid, algal alginates of known mannuronic acid :guluronic acid ratio, and some bacterial alginates. The bacterial alginates were prepared in the laboratory, as were the homopolymeric sequences. Algal alginates were either purchased from Sigma or were gifts ...
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Multiple-Choice
... Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. 46) Ba ...
... Succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, which resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the ratio of succinate to malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. 46) Ba ...
Protein and Carbohydrate Chemistry
... 3) Enzymes: biological reaction catalysts Enzymes Enzymes have specific functions and are categorized into 6 activities according to the Enzyme Commission (E.C.) – all but 2 enzymes that are currently known are proteins – the other two are ribozymes (RNA with enzyme activity): ...
... 3) Enzymes: biological reaction catalysts Enzymes Enzymes have specific functions and are categorized into 6 activities according to the Enzyme Commission (E.C.) – all but 2 enzymes that are currently known are proteins – the other two are ribozymes (RNA with enzyme activity): ...
Dihydrofolate Reductase Assay Kit (CS0340) - Bulletin - Sigma
... present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, playing a key role in thymidine synthesis. It catalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate (DHF) to 5,6,7,8tetrahydrofolate (THF), utilizing NADPH as cofactor. This reaction is an essential step in the biosynthesis of ...
... present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, playing a key role in thymidine synthesis. It catalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate (DHF) to 5,6,7,8tetrahydrofolate (THF), utilizing NADPH as cofactor. This reaction is an essential step in the biosynthesis of ...
Organic Compounds
... • Recognize the basic structure of organic compounds and explain their basic functions. • Distinguish the categories of organic compounds, compare and contrast their roles, and analyze the components of each category. • Summarize in detail the structure and function of the organic compounds, emphasi ...
... • Recognize the basic structure of organic compounds and explain their basic functions. • Distinguish the categories of organic compounds, compare and contrast their roles, and analyze the components of each category. • Summarize in detail the structure and function of the organic compounds, emphasi ...
Structural Investigation of the Antibiotic and ATP
... dimensions of a = 57.3 A, b = 102.2 ,A, c = 101.8 A, and one dimer in the asymmetric unit. Leastsquares refinement of the model at 2.5 A resolution reduced the crystallographic R factor to 16.8%. The binding pockets for both the nucleotide and the antibiotic are extensively exposed to the solvent an ...
... dimensions of a = 57.3 A, b = 102.2 ,A, c = 101.8 A, and one dimer in the asymmetric unit. Leastsquares refinement of the model at 2.5 A resolution reduced the crystallographic R factor to 16.8%. The binding pockets for both the nucleotide and the antibiotic are extensively exposed to the solvent an ...
Worked Example 20.1
... energy-carrying products of the cycle. Also, CO2 is produced at two different steps in the cycle. Finally, GDP is converted to GTP in Step 5 of the cycle. ...
... energy-carrying products of the cycle. Also, CO2 is produced at two different steps in the cycle. Finally, GDP is converted to GTP in Step 5 of the cycle. ...
ISOLATION OF A NOVEL FEATHER-DEGRADING BACTERIUM AND OPTIMIZATION OF ITS
... most proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pepsin, papain etc. The high proportion of keratin in feathers makes feather waste useful for several value-added applications [2, 4]. Thus, recycling of feather waste becomes a subject of interest. One such application is to obtain nutritionally upgraded an ...
... most proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, pepsin, papain etc. The high proportion of keratin in feathers makes feather waste useful for several value-added applications [2, 4]. Thus, recycling of feather waste becomes a subject of interest. One such application is to obtain nutritionally upgraded an ...
CHM 2205C - Florida State College at Jacksonville
... Social and Behavioral Sciences Natural Sciences SECTION 5 (To be completed for General Education courses only.) GENERAL EDUCATION LEARNING OUTCOME AREA (Place an “X” in the box next to those that are applicable.) Communication Critical Thinking Information Literacy Scientific and Quantitative Reason ...
... Social and Behavioral Sciences Natural Sciences SECTION 5 (To be completed for General Education courses only.) GENERAL EDUCATION LEARNING OUTCOME AREA (Place an “X” in the box next to those that are applicable.) Communication Critical Thinking Information Literacy Scientific and Quantitative Reason ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.