Energy Photosynthesis Respiration Summary
... anything that affects enzymes also affects photosynthesis, including; • Light intensity (can differ for different plants, canopy verses forest floor plants), no photosynthesis in the dark! • Temperature (most plants have an optimum range) • CO2 concentration (substrate concentration) • Low water ava ...
... anything that affects enzymes also affects photosynthesis, including; • Light intensity (can differ for different plants, canopy verses forest floor plants), no photosynthesis in the dark! • Temperature (most plants have an optimum range) • CO2 concentration (substrate concentration) • Low water ava ...
Ribonucleotide Metabolism
... Guanosine monophosphate is also synthesized from IMP in 2 steps. The first step is catalyzed by IMP dehydrogenase which catalyzes the addition of water to the double bond and then the oxidation of the hydroxyl group to form Xanthosine monophosphate. GMP synthetase (another glutamine amido transferas ...
... Guanosine monophosphate is also synthesized from IMP in 2 steps. The first step is catalyzed by IMP dehydrogenase which catalyzes the addition of water to the double bond and then the oxidation of the hydroxyl group to form Xanthosine monophosphate. GMP synthetase (another glutamine amido transferas ...
Title Effect of Glutamine Analogs on Glutaminase Formation in
... The formation of asparaginase of Escherichiacoli was not increased when a complex medium or an amino acid free medium were supplemented with L-asparagine (24). Only among species of Pseudomonashas there been evidence of a marked inducible formation of asparaginase by asparagine or aspartic acid (25) ...
... The formation of asparaginase of Escherichiacoli was not increased when a complex medium or an amino acid free medium were supplemented with L-asparagine (24). Only among species of Pseudomonashas there been evidence of a marked inducible formation of asparaginase by asparagine or aspartic acid (25) ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... 1. Three factors govern the rate of the cycle - Substrate availability, inhibition by products, allosteric feedback inhibition - Substrate availability: acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate limits the rate of citrate formation - Inhibition by product: citrate synthase by citrate, aketoglutarate dehydrogenase ...
... 1. Three factors govern the rate of the cycle - Substrate availability, inhibition by products, allosteric feedback inhibition - Substrate availability: acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate limits the rate of citrate formation - Inhibition by product: citrate synthase by citrate, aketoglutarate dehydrogenase ...
Protein Catabolism
... humongous protein uses the energy of ATP to hydrolyze the peptide bonds of proteins. The proteasome has a sedimentation coefficient of 26S and is composed of 2 subunits, a 20S proteasome which contains all of the catalytic machinery to digest proteins and a 19S regulatory subunit. The 20S complex co ...
... humongous protein uses the energy of ATP to hydrolyze the peptide bonds of proteins. The proteasome has a sedimentation coefficient of 26S and is composed of 2 subunits, a 20S proteasome which contains all of the catalytic machinery to digest proteins and a 19S regulatory subunit. The 20S complex co ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... • The conversion of two triose phosphates to lactic acid (or ethanol) yields four molecules of ATP. • However, two ATP molecules are used up in the production of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and fructose-1, 6-disphosphate from fructose-6phosphate. • The net production of ATP is thus only two AT ...
... • The conversion of two triose phosphates to lactic acid (or ethanol) yields four molecules of ATP. • However, two ATP molecules are used up in the production of glucose-6-phosphate from glucose and fructose-1, 6-disphosphate from fructose-6phosphate. • The net production of ATP is thus only two AT ...
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... unsaturated fatty acids. In comparison with the original oil, the new fatty acids have additional double carbon–carbon bonds, replacing what were once single bonds. This process could also be described as _____________. (a) isomerization. (b) oxidation. (c) reduction. (d) protonation. ...
... unsaturated fatty acids. In comparison with the original oil, the new fatty acids have additional double carbon–carbon bonds, replacing what were once single bonds. This process could also be described as _____________. (a) isomerization. (b) oxidation. (c) reduction. (d) protonation. ...
Nitrogen Assimilation 1. Introduction and Overview Importance of
... 3. principles of synthesis of amino acids 4. nitrogen fixation as a special case (legumes) ...
... 3. principles of synthesis of amino acids 4. nitrogen fixation as a special case (legumes) ...
II. Beta oxidation of fatty acid
... B. transport molecules D. preservation and transfer of genetic material _B__60. Complete hydrolysis of RNA nucleotides will yield this product, EXCEPT: A. phosphate C. adenine B. deoxyribose D. uracil _D__61. This type of mutation will result to a frame-shift mutation: A. substitution C. transversio ...
... B. transport molecules D. preservation and transfer of genetic material _B__60. Complete hydrolysis of RNA nucleotides will yield this product, EXCEPT: A. phosphate C. adenine B. deoxyribose D. uracil _D__61. This type of mutation will result to a frame-shift mutation: A. substitution C. transversio ...
university of calcutta
... Heterocycles- Introduction- five and six membered heterocycles containing one and two hetero atoms; Aromaticity of heterocyclic compounds; basicity of pyridine and pyrrole. Tautomerism in heterocyclic systems. Structural aspects and reactions of purines and pyrimidines Amino acids- Classification a ...
... Heterocycles- Introduction- five and six membered heterocycles containing one and two hetero atoms; Aromaticity of heterocyclic compounds; basicity of pyridine and pyrrole. Tautomerism in heterocyclic systems. Structural aspects and reactions of purines and pyrimidines Amino acids- Classification a ...
Molecular Principles of Bioactive Systems
... The ability to understand the relationship structure - function (reactivity, affinity, etc.), the main classes of biopolymers (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides) that provides the morphological structure and functions of cells and supra-cellular structures of animal and vegetal system ...
... The ability to understand the relationship structure - function (reactivity, affinity, etc.), the main classes of biopolymers (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides) that provides the morphological structure and functions of cells and supra-cellular structures of animal and vegetal system ...
BIO 101
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
Biochemical methods of conversion
... Bacteria can be classified on the basis of their shape and can be cylindrical, rod-shaped, spherical, and helical. In waste utilization, various groups of micro-organisms act on the substrate to be treated by one of the four processes, namely, aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic, and a combination of the aer ...
... Bacteria can be classified on the basis of their shape and can be cylindrical, rod-shaped, spherical, and helical. In waste utilization, various groups of micro-organisms act on the substrate to be treated by one of the four processes, namely, aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic, and a combination of the aer ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-5 Influence of Environmental Factors on
... Thermophiles: M.O that grow at temp. 55°C or higher, they have more heatstable enzymes and protein synthetic systems, which can function properly at high temp. Thermophile DNA is stabilized by special histone like proteins. The membrane lipids of thermophiles are also quite temp. stable, they tend t ...
... Thermophiles: M.O that grow at temp. 55°C or higher, they have more heatstable enzymes and protein synthetic systems, which can function properly at high temp. Thermophile DNA is stabilized by special histone like proteins. The membrane lipids of thermophiles are also quite temp. stable, they tend t ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Must replenish the intermediates in order for the cycle and central metabolic pathway to continue • 4-carbon intermediates are formed by carboxylation of 3carbon precursors ...
... • Must replenish the intermediates in order for the cycle and central metabolic pathway to continue • 4-carbon intermediates are formed by carboxylation of 3carbon precursors ...
GeneCensus - Gerstein Lab Publications
... organisms included in the tree server provide for diverse phylogenetic comparisons. They encompass all three kingdoms of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea), diverse environments (normal to extreme), and a wide range of genome sizes (0.6-97Mbp). The architecture of the tree server is two-dimensional. ...
... organisms included in the tree server provide for diverse phylogenetic comparisons. They encompass all three kingdoms of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea), diverse environments (normal to extreme), and a wide range of genome sizes (0.6-97Mbp). The architecture of the tree server is two-dimensional. ...
Chapter Nine - The Krebs Cycle
... – Outer membrane can be crossed using porins – Inner membrane can be crossed using transport proteins ...
... – Outer membrane can be crossed using porins – Inner membrane can be crossed using transport proteins ...
F:\BI 345n6\BI345n6_S05\final_S05.wpd
... PART III. Short answer questions – (Number of points in parentheses, 48 points total). ...
... PART III. Short answer questions – (Number of points in parentheses, 48 points total). ...
Week 9
... Objective: Students will use their knowledge of carbohydrates and their power of observations to test three known solutions to determine how mono, di and polysaccharides react to specific indicator test. Activity: Five minute exercise reviewing Activity: Complete lecture on Activity: Pre-lab the Car ...
... Objective: Students will use their knowledge of carbohydrates and their power of observations to test three known solutions to determine how mono, di and polysaccharides react to specific indicator test. Activity: Five minute exercise reviewing Activity: Complete lecture on Activity: Pre-lab the Car ...
COMMUNICATION Engineering the Amine Transaminase from
... structure/sequence-function relationships of a defined superfamily.[8] A database on the PLP-dependent transferases of fold type I was used, which contains 725 structures to which 61,560 sequences were aligned.[3] Within this superfamily database, a sub-dataset based on the VF-ATA (pdb-code: ...
... structure/sequence-function relationships of a defined superfamily.[8] A database on the PLP-dependent transferases of fold type I was used, which contains 725 structures to which 61,560 sequences were aligned.[3] Within this superfamily database, a sub-dataset based on the VF-ATA (pdb-code: ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.