Solutions to 7.012 Problem Set 2
... of Km is proportional to the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme and is thus of significant physiological relevance. c) The above graph only describes a specific enzymatic reaction at a single given concentration of the enzyme. Qualitatively, what would one expect to happen to Vmax if the amoun ...
... of Km is proportional to the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme and is thus of significant physiological relevance. c) The above graph only describes a specific enzymatic reaction at a single given concentration of the enzyme. Qualitatively, what would one expect to happen to Vmax if the amoun ...
Nutrient Cycles
... rate at which primary producers create organic material. If an essential nutrient is in short supply, primary productivity will be limited. The nutrient whose supply limits productivity is called the limiting nutrient. ...
... rate at which primary producers create organic material. If an essential nutrient is in short supply, primary productivity will be limited. The nutrient whose supply limits productivity is called the limiting nutrient. ...
The Terminal Enzymes of Sialic Acid Metabolism: Acylneuraminate
... which were obtained for the native molecular mass by gel filtration, it was concluded that the enzyme, e.g., from E. coli, consists of three subunits. Similar values for the native molecular mass were found for the lyases from pig kidney and C. perfringens. Former studies with the electron microscop ...
... which were obtained for the native molecular mass by gel filtration, it was concluded that the enzyme, e.g., from E. coli, consists of three subunits. Similar values for the native molecular mass were found for the lyases from pig kidney and C. perfringens. Former studies with the electron microscop ...
Phenylobacterium immobile gen. nov. sp. nov. a Gram
... Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Universitut Hohenheim, D 7000 Stuttgart 70, Federal Republic of Germany Bacteria which utilize the xenobiotic compounds chloridazon, antipyrin, and pyramidon as sole carbon sources were isolated from various soil samples. The 22 strains isolated are similar with respec ...
... Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Universitut Hohenheim, D 7000 Stuttgart 70, Federal Republic of Germany Bacteria which utilize the xenobiotic compounds chloridazon, antipyrin, and pyramidon as sole carbon sources were isolated from various soil samples. The 22 strains isolated are similar with respec ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:
... The bacteria used to measure GAD activity were grown in a minimal media containing L-glutamate as carbon source (Labidi et al. 1996) instead of proline because GAD was shown in E. coli to be induced by glutamate (Fonda 1985). Enzymatic analysis showed a significant reduction of the activities in the ...
... The bacteria used to measure GAD activity were grown in a minimal media containing L-glutamate as carbon source (Labidi et al. 1996) instead of proline because GAD was shown in E. coli to be induced by glutamate (Fonda 1985). Enzymatic analysis showed a significant reduction of the activities in the ...
(mmg) operon of Bacillus
... various industries. Hence this organism is extensively studied. The genome of this bacterium has around 4000 protein coding sequences, which include 87% of the genome sequence. Because of its ability to use different carbohydrates, the glycolytic pathway along with the TCA cycle is utilized in this ...
... various industries. Hence this organism is extensively studied. The genome of this bacterium has around 4000 protein coding sequences, which include 87% of the genome sequence. Because of its ability to use different carbohydrates, the glycolytic pathway along with the TCA cycle is utilized in this ...
A defined growth medium for Clostridium difficile
... nutritional requirements. Boyd e t al. (1948) reported that 13 amino acids - arginine, cystine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine - and four vitamins - biotin, pantothenate, pyridoxamine and riboflavin - were ...
... nutritional requirements. Boyd e t al. (1948) reported that 13 amino acids - arginine, cystine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine - and four vitamins - biotin, pantothenate, pyridoxamine and riboflavin - were ...
Comparative genomic analysis of carbon and nitrogen assimilation
... enzymes of the RTCA cycle In the L. ferriphilum DSM 17947 genome, we detected two gene clusters, named as cluster 1 and cluster 2, encoding seven of the ten enzymes involved in the RTCA cycle (Figure 1), including the four key enzymes. The genes encoding malate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase and ...
... enzymes of the RTCA cycle In the L. ferriphilum DSM 17947 genome, we detected two gene clusters, named as cluster 1 and cluster 2, encoding seven of the ten enzymes involved in the RTCA cycle (Figure 1), including the four key enzymes. The genes encoding malate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase and ...
BLUEPRINT OF THE CORE TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
... to two moles of lactate in an exercising muscle: A. four B. three C. two D. one _C__49. Anoxic skeletal muscle derives energy from: A. Kreb’s citric acid cycle C. Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis B. Pentose phosphate pathway D. Oxidation of fatty acids _C__50. Acetyl CoA for extramitochondrial ...
... to two moles of lactate in an exercising muscle: A. four B. three C. two D. one _C__49. Anoxic skeletal muscle derives energy from: A. Kreb’s citric acid cycle C. Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis B. Pentose phosphate pathway D. Oxidation of fatty acids _C__50. Acetyl CoA for extramitochondrial ...
regulation of fatty acid synthesis
... synthesis must also consider those reactions that precede and follow these two enzyme systems. It is not fully understood which reactions are responsible for providing acetyl-CoA to ACCase, but extensive experiments with leaf tissue indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase can rapidly convert acetate to ...
... synthesis must also consider those reactions that precede and follow these two enzyme systems. It is not fully understood which reactions are responsible for providing acetyl-CoA to ACCase, but extensive experiments with leaf tissue indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase can rapidly convert acetate to ...
LEGO Lab - TeacherWeb
... Write a short paragraph that explains what does this diagram represent. Protein synthesis is the process in which the DNA directs the production of amino acids and proteins. The information stored in the molecule of DNA is transcribed into mRNA. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and tRNA translates the m ...
... Write a short paragraph that explains what does this diagram represent. Protein synthesis is the process in which the DNA directs the production of amino acids and proteins. The information stored in the molecule of DNA is transcribed into mRNA. A ribosome binds to the mRNA and tRNA translates the m ...
E. Diuretics
... A chemical agent that increases the rate of urine formation. Reabsorption of Na in the kidney results in the reabsorption of water. It follows that inhibition of Na reabsorption will result in diuresis. Because of this, the term diuretic has come to mean any agent that will inhibit the tubular absor ...
... A chemical agent that increases the rate of urine formation. Reabsorption of Na in the kidney results in the reabsorption of water. It follows that inhibition of Na reabsorption will result in diuresis. Because of this, the term diuretic has come to mean any agent that will inhibit the tubular absor ...
Home - NeuroImmune Alliance
... that this was consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. In 1984, several years before CFS was defined in the U.S, Arnold et al.33 found that using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance they could demonstrate an abnormal rise in intracellular acidity in the exercised forearm of a British patient with post- ...
... that this was consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. In 1984, several years before CFS was defined in the U.S, Arnold et al.33 found that using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance they could demonstrate an abnormal rise in intracellular acidity in the exercised forearm of a British patient with post- ...
Bio-Organic Mechanism Game – Simplistic biochemical structures
... Many biomolecules have a somewhat complex structure that makes it difficult to write out step by step mechanisms. However, if we simplify those structures to the essential parts necessary to explain the mechanistic chemistry of each step, it becomes much easier to consider each step through an impor ...
... Many biomolecules have a somewhat complex structure that makes it difficult to write out step by step mechanisms. However, if we simplify those structures to the essential parts necessary to explain the mechanistic chemistry of each step, it becomes much easier to consider each step through an impor ...
Book Review - Journal of Experimental Biology
... precise. The text is complemented by schematic artwork and a number of text boxes summarizing important facts and examples. References are limited but present a well-selected and up-to-date set for additional reading. This book is unique among publications that are relevant to metabolism, primarily ...
... precise. The text is complemented by schematic artwork and a number of text boxes summarizing important facts and examples. References are limited but present a well-selected and up-to-date set for additional reading. This book is unique among publications that are relevant to metabolism, primarily ...
www.peerteaching.com
... Kreb’s/TCA cycle • Inhibited by ATP, NADH, succinyl CoA • Activated by ADP ...
... Kreb’s/TCA cycle • Inhibited by ATP, NADH, succinyl CoA • Activated by ADP ...
New insight into the photoheterotrophic growth of the
... rubrum strain S1H (ATCC 25903), hereafter named S1H, was used to study acetate assimilation under anaerobic and phototrophic conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the MELiSSA project. The S1H strain differs from the S1 type strain only in its lower sensitivity to growth inhibition by L- ...
... rubrum strain S1H (ATCC 25903), hereafter named S1H, was used to study acetate assimilation under anaerobic and phototrophic conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the MELiSSA project. The S1H strain differs from the S1 type strain only in its lower sensitivity to growth inhibition by L- ...
Isoprenoid metabolism: cholesterol and the others
... The entire molecule of cholesterol is made of acetate units. AcetylCoA formed in mitochondria by the β-oxidation of fatty acids or decarboxylation of pyruvate is transported into the cytoplasm (as citrate) and used to make acetoacetyl-CoA (two acetyl-CoA) and then hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (hmg-CoA, ...
... The entire molecule of cholesterol is made of acetate units. AcetylCoA formed in mitochondria by the β-oxidation of fatty acids or decarboxylation of pyruvate is transported into the cytoplasm (as citrate) and used to make acetoacetyl-CoA (two acetyl-CoA) and then hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (hmg-CoA, ...
Enzymes–II
... Coenzymes are thermostable, dialyzable organic compounds. They may be either attached to the protein molecules or may be present in the cytoplasm. The coenzyme accounts for about 1% of the entire enzyme molecule. Sometimes, a distinction is made between coenzymes and cofactors : the former includes ...
... Coenzymes are thermostable, dialyzable organic compounds. They may be either attached to the protein molecules or may be present in the cytoplasm. The coenzyme accounts for about 1% of the entire enzyme molecule. Sometimes, a distinction is made between coenzymes and cofactors : the former includes ...
Authors Title Year Keywords Journal/Proceedings Emile Bol
... of superoxide radical to a novel radical, explaining how L-arginine decreases the level of superoxide production in nNOSox (without BH4 but with L-Arg). The regulatory role of L-arginine in nNOS is thus very different from that in eNOS where substrate was only to decrease the rate of formation of su ...
... of superoxide radical to a novel radical, explaining how L-arginine decreases the level of superoxide production in nNOSox (without BH4 but with L-Arg). The regulatory role of L-arginine in nNOS is thus very different from that in eNOS where substrate was only to decrease the rate of formation of su ...
PDF Full-text
... an additionally functionalized α-amino-H-phosphinic acid to an acrylate are listed in Scheme 3. The first illustration addresses the preparation of P1 methionine derivatives as inhibitors of metalloproteases [36,38]. To present a less popular version of obtaining the P-H substrate, Liboska et al. ad ...
... an additionally functionalized α-amino-H-phosphinic acid to an acrylate are listed in Scheme 3. The first illustration addresses the preparation of P1 methionine derivatives as inhibitors of metalloproteases [36,38]. To present a less popular version of obtaining the P-H substrate, Liboska et al. ad ...
Lactic Acidosis
... Overall critically ill patients with lactic acidosis tend to have high mortality if their lactate levels are significantly elevated (>8 mmols/L). In each individual case however, the actual prognosis will be completely dependent on the underlying condition, with the initial degree of lactic acidosis ...
... Overall critically ill patients with lactic acidosis tend to have high mortality if their lactate levels are significantly elevated (>8 mmols/L). In each individual case however, the actual prognosis will be completely dependent on the underlying condition, with the initial degree of lactic acidosis ...
INTRODUCTION
... MICOS. This means that a mitochondrion contains three separated spaces each with different protein content, the inter-membrane space, the intracristal space and the matrix space. The protein composition of the outer membrane, boundary membrane and cristae membrane are very different. The cristae mem ...
... MICOS. This means that a mitochondrion contains three separated spaces each with different protein content, the inter-membrane space, the intracristal space and the matrix space. The protein composition of the outer membrane, boundary membrane and cristae membrane are very different. The cristae mem ...
File - Mr. Arnold`s Classes
... extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO 2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecules can be produced with the following fatty acids? a. 23C b. 18C c. 31C ...
... extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO 2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecules can be produced with the following fatty acids? a. 23C b. 18C c. 31C ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.