Slides
... Returns list of all pathways that are not super-pathways (genes-of-pathway pwy) (unique-genes-of-pathway pwy) Returns list of all genes of a pathway that are not also part of other pathways (enzymes-of-pathway pwy) (substrates-of-pathway pwy) (variants-of-pathway pwy) Returns all pathways i ...
... Returns list of all pathways that are not super-pathways (genes-of-pathway pwy) (unique-genes-of-pathway pwy) Returns list of all genes of a pathway that are not also part of other pathways (enzymes-of-pathway pwy) (substrates-of-pathway pwy) (variants-of-pathway pwy) Returns all pathways i ...
Methane as a Minor Product of Pyruvate Metabolism
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
Otto F. Meyerhof - Nobel Lecture
... research on the part of Parnas and Verzar. In what relation the lactic acid stands to muscle performance, where it comes from and what becomes of it when it disappears in the presence of oxygen, was completely obscure. In fact, there were several different, irreconcilable interpretations current, al ...
... research on the part of Parnas and Verzar. In what relation the lactic acid stands to muscle performance, where it comes from and what becomes of it when it disappears in the presence of oxygen, was completely obscure. In fact, there were several different, irreconcilable interpretations current, al ...
Hamster Placental Lactogen-ll Contains a Structural Feature Unique
... Placental lactogen II (PL-II), a member of the GH-PRLPL family of structurally related hormones, has been purified from three rodent species: mouse (mPL-ll), rat (rPL-ll), and hamster (haPL-ll) (1-3). Complementary DNAs for mPL-ll and rPL-ll have been sequenced (4, 5) and the deduced amino acid sequ ...
... Placental lactogen II (PL-II), a member of the GH-PRLPL family of structurally related hormones, has been purified from three rodent species: mouse (mPL-ll), rat (rPL-ll), and hamster (haPL-ll) (1-3). Complementary DNAs for mPL-ll and rPL-ll have been sequenced (4, 5) and the deduced amino acid sequ ...
Proteomics Principles and Techniques Prof. Sanjeeva Srivastava
... They are classified based on the properties on their slide chains or r groups which vary in size structure and charge. Polarity of silde chain is one of the main basisi for the classification. Amino acids having no polar aliphatic slide chains including glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, is ...
... They are classified based on the properties on their slide chains or r groups which vary in size structure and charge. Polarity of silde chain is one of the main basisi for the classification. Amino acids having no polar aliphatic slide chains including glycine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, is ...
Structural transformation in formic acid on ultra cold ice surfaces
... light of these observations we can conclude that at 18 K the acid molecules exist in the form of dimer along with smaller fraction of the crystalline phase. As the temperature increases, the fraction of the crystalline phase increases. At 98 K a large percentage of molecules have come to the crystal ...
... light of these observations we can conclude that at 18 K the acid molecules exist in the form of dimer along with smaller fraction of the crystalline phase. As the temperature increases, the fraction of the crystalline phase increases. At 98 K a large percentage of molecules have come to the crystal ...
secondary metabolic processes and products
... pectic chain producing free carboxyl groups (Figure 4.5C). The enzyme deesterifies in a linear manner, moving down the chain and producing segments with free carboxyl groups. Deesterification by pectinesterase must precede degradation by polygalacturonases that require at least four galacturonic aci ...
... pectic chain producing free carboxyl groups (Figure 4.5C). The enzyme deesterifies in a linear manner, moving down the chain and producing segments with free carboxyl groups. Deesterification by pectinesterase must precede degradation by polygalacturonases that require at least four galacturonic aci ...
Full-Text PDF
... 143B.TK- cells after switching the the culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13C15N culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13 C15 N amino acid ratios at (a) 2.5 min, (b) 5 min, (c) 10 min, and (d) 20 ...
... 143B.TK- cells after switching the the culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13C15N culture medium from unlabeled to labeled amino acids at different time points. Shown are 13 C15 N amino acid ratios at (a) 2.5 min, (b) 5 min, (c) 10 min, and (d) 20 ...
Carotenoids Biosynthesis – a review
... carbon skeleton of this intermediate or another related C5derivative undergoes a rearrangement reaction that provides the branched carbon skeleton of IPP. According to 13C-labeling experiments Lichtenthaler et al. (1997) have concluded that the cytoplasmic sterols are formed in all three higher plan ...
... carbon skeleton of this intermediate or another related C5derivative undergoes a rearrangement reaction that provides the branched carbon skeleton of IPP. According to 13C-labeling experiments Lichtenthaler et al. (1997) have concluded that the cytoplasmic sterols are formed in all three higher plan ...
Amino Acid Cost and Codon-Usage Biases in 6 Prokaryotic
... pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway (Ogata et al. 1999; Overbeek et al. 2000). Blast searches were also performed on the complete genomes of all the six 6 study organisms to determine if they were capable of synthesizing each of the 20 common amino acids. When the prote ...
... pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway (Ogata et al. 1999; Overbeek et al. 2000). Blast searches were also performed on the complete genomes of all the six 6 study organisms to determine if they were capable of synthesizing each of the 20 common amino acids. When the prote ...
A speculation on the origin of protein synthesis
... mRNA after a moderately short time. |f this were so polypeptide synthesis would only be delayed rather than stopped completely should it have gone on in the wrong place. The additional binding of the entering tRNA, with its amino acid, when in the correct position next to the previous tRNA (having t ...
... mRNA after a moderately short time. |f this were so polypeptide synthesis would only be delayed rather than stopped completely should it have gone on in the wrong place. The additional binding of the entering tRNA, with its amino acid, when in the correct position next to the previous tRNA (having t ...
Table S2
... Ace2: Homolog of Swi5 (see below), mutation of phosphorylation sites leads to change in nuclear localization; in vivo phosphorylation characterized in detail as part of this thesis[50] Ask1: Member of the DASH complex that binds to microtubules and kinetochores and regulates their association[69] Cd ...
... Ace2: Homolog of Swi5 (see below), mutation of phosphorylation sites leads to change in nuclear localization; in vivo phosphorylation characterized in detail as part of this thesis[50] Ask1: Member of the DASH complex that binds to microtubules and kinetochores and regulates their association[69] Cd ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... The pKa value for the first ionization of lysine is 2.18 (from Table 27.3), and so this process is virtually complete when the pH is greater than this value. The second pKa value for lysine is 8.95. This is a fairly typical value for the second pKa of amino acids and likely corresponds to proton rem ...
... The pKa value for the first ionization of lysine is 2.18 (from Table 27.3), and so this process is virtually complete when the pH is greater than this value. The second pKa value for lysine is 8.95. This is a fairly typical value for the second pKa of amino acids and likely corresponds to proton rem ...
Chapter 1. introduction
... A B C D E P Final product inhibition The beginning substrate in the sequence An intermediate formed in the pathway Some external factor such as a hormone All of the above B. Positive and negative Effectors Effectors: Bomolecules influencing the action of an allosteric enzyme. Allosteric en ...
... A B C D E P Final product inhibition The beginning substrate in the sequence An intermediate formed in the pathway Some external factor such as a hormone All of the above B. Positive and negative Effectors Effectors: Bomolecules influencing the action of an allosteric enzyme. Allosteric en ...
Mechanism of CS, Cont`d
... than the enolate and it is the intermediate in enzymatic reaction rather than the enolate • Conversion of the b-carbonly group into a protonated imine also facilitates the decarboxylation • The pH of an imine is near 7, so that under biochemical conditions the imine-nitrogen can be positively charge ...
... than the enolate and it is the intermediate in enzymatic reaction rather than the enolate • Conversion of the b-carbonly group into a protonated imine also facilitates the decarboxylation • The pH of an imine is near 7, so that under biochemical conditions the imine-nitrogen can be positively charge ...
Lactate - University of Iowa Health Care
... transport chain, which uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and produces the majority of ATP released in the glucose catabolism. Glycolysis uses NAD+ instead of oxygen as the electron acceptor. The energy released in glycolysis is relatively small as compared to the total energy released by co ...
... transport chain, which uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor and produces the majority of ATP released in the glucose catabolism. Glycolysis uses NAD+ instead of oxygen as the electron acceptor. The energy released in glycolysis is relatively small as compared to the total energy released by co ...
Part 5 Coenzyme-Dependent Enzyme Mechansims
... than the enolate and it is the intermediate in enzymatic reaction rather than the enolate • Conversion of the b-carbonly group into a protonated imine also facilitates the decarboxylation • The pH of an imine is near 7, so that under biochemical conditions the imine-nitrogen can be positively charge ...
... than the enolate and it is the intermediate in enzymatic reaction rather than the enolate • Conversion of the b-carbonly group into a protonated imine also facilitates the decarboxylation • The pH of an imine is near 7, so that under biochemical conditions the imine-nitrogen can be positively charge ...
Metabolic and Developmental Adaptations of
... Heterotrophic carbon metabolism has been demonstrated to be limited by oxygen availability in a variety of plant tissues, which in turn inevitably affects the adenylate status. To study the effect of altering adenylate energy metabolism, without changing the oxygen supply, we expressed a plastidiall ...
... Heterotrophic carbon metabolism has been demonstrated to be limited by oxygen availability in a variety of plant tissues, which in turn inevitably affects the adenylate status. To study the effect of altering adenylate energy metabolism, without changing the oxygen supply, we expressed a plastidiall ...
Unit5C - OCCC.edu
... • Electrons are not explicitly shown in chemical equations. • Oxidation Numbers are used to keep track of electrons gained and lost during redox reactions. ...
... • Electrons are not explicitly shown in chemical equations. • Oxidation Numbers are used to keep track of electrons gained and lost during redox reactions. ...
Cell differentiation during sexual development of the
... enveloped by sterile hyphae to form fruiting body precursors. Subsequent tissue differentiation gives rise to an outer pigmented peridial tissue, and following caryogamy, inner ascus initials embedded in sterile paraphyses are formed. Mature fruiting bodies from most ascomycetes harbor 200 to 400 as ...
... enveloped by sterile hyphae to form fruiting body precursors. Subsequent tissue differentiation gives rise to an outer pigmented peridial tissue, and following caryogamy, inner ascus initials embedded in sterile paraphyses are formed. Mature fruiting bodies from most ascomycetes harbor 200 to 400 as ...
Russell, MJ, Hall, AJ, and Mellersh, AR, 2003
... those obtaining on young planets such as Earth or Mars (Shock 1996; Russell and Hall 1997; 1999). The emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis is a biochemical rather than a geochemical issue. Even so, we speculate that a pre-existing inorganic CaMn4 complex may have been sequestered by proteins to enab ...
... those obtaining on young planets such as Earth or Mars (Shock 1996; Russell and Hall 1997; 1999). The emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis is a biochemical rather than a geochemical issue. Even so, we speculate that a pre-existing inorganic CaMn4 complex may have been sequestered by proteins to enab ...
... 22-24 h at 37 "C. This procedure produced a colour changing unit titre (Rodwell & Whitcomb, 1983)of 106-107. Preparation of cell-free extract. A modification of the procedure of O'Brien et al. (1983) was used. Cells in exponential growth were collected by centrifugation (20 000 g, 45 min, 4 "C), was ...
Authors` version - The Computable Plant
... branched chain amino acids, L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine. The biosynthetic pathways for the branched chain amino acids are shown in Figure 1 (1-3). Lthreonine deaminase (TDA), the first enzyme specific for the biosynthesis of L-isoleucine, is end-product inhibited by L-isoleucine, and α-iso ...
... branched chain amino acids, L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine. The biosynthetic pathways for the branched chain amino acids are shown in Figure 1 (1-3). Lthreonine deaminase (TDA), the first enzyme specific for the biosynthesis of L-isoleucine, is end-product inhibited by L-isoleucine, and α-iso ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.