Lipid metabolism in the elderly
... activity of various skeletal muscle enzymes. In general, the glycolytic capacity of skeletal muscle is maintained with age (Rogers & Evans, 1993). In contrast, the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism (eg succinate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase; cytochrome c oxidase) and b-oxidatio ...
... activity of various skeletal muscle enzymes. In general, the glycolytic capacity of skeletal muscle is maintained with age (Rogers & Evans, 1993). In contrast, the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism (eg succinate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase; cytochrome c oxidase) and b-oxidatio ...
interaction analysis of aspirin with selective amino acids
... rate the possible interaction between AA and aspirin. It is evident from results that the absorbance of aspirin increased with the addition of amino acids and this increase was significant (p < 0.05). This increase in absorbance represents the increase in the ionization and thus enhanced solubility ...
... rate the possible interaction between AA and aspirin. It is evident from results that the absorbance of aspirin increased with the addition of amino acids and this increase was significant (p < 0.05). This increase in absorbance represents the increase in the ionization and thus enhanced solubility ...
Biologically active octapeptides
... tion, the fragments can be easily dispersed into single groups to be employed in preparing the compounds of cells by repeated suction and expulsion from a Gilson this invention remains a matter well within one ordinar Pipetman. After 30 to 60 Pipetman operations, the tissue ily skilled in the art, i ...
... tion, the fragments can be easily dispersed into single groups to be employed in preparing the compounds of cells by repeated suction and expulsion from a Gilson this invention remains a matter well within one ordinar Pipetman. After 30 to 60 Pipetman operations, the tissue ily skilled in the art, i ...
Ethanol-soluble Intermediates and Products of
... p4C]acetate, these two products accounted for some 88 yo of the acetate carbon consumed, and much of the other 12% was in the form of ethanol-soluble compounds believed to be, at least in part, intermediates on the pathways to paramylon and C 0 2 . Moreover, paramylon and CO, have been found to be p ...
... p4C]acetate, these two products accounted for some 88 yo of the acetate carbon consumed, and much of the other 12% was in the form of ethanol-soluble compounds believed to be, at least in part, intermediates on the pathways to paramylon and C 0 2 . Moreover, paramylon and CO, have been found to be p ...
ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHOPPED GUINEA PIG LUNG II
... Although several workers have produced in vitro inhibition of the anaphylactic reaction with metabolic inhibitors (1, 2) and we have observed inhibition with chymotrypsin substrates and inhibitors (3), enhancement of the in vitro anaphylactic reaction has not been previously reported. While evaluati ...
... Although several workers have produced in vitro inhibition of the anaphylactic reaction with metabolic inhibitors (1, 2) and we have observed inhibition with chymotrypsin substrates and inhibitors (3), enhancement of the in vitro anaphylactic reaction has not been previously reported. While evaluati ...
Cyclooxygenase mechanisms Lawrence J Marnett
... Activation is completely inhibited by addition of high concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, which reduces fatty acid hydroperoxides [33–35]. Once the Tyr385 radical is generated, each enzyme molecule catalyzes several hundred cycles of arachidonic acid oxygenation. Although the ...
... Activation is completely inhibited by addition of high concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione, which reduces fatty acid hydroperoxides [33–35]. Once the Tyr385 radical is generated, each enzyme molecule catalyzes several hundred cycles of arachidonic acid oxygenation. Although the ...
Amino Acid Analysis Amino acid analysis refers to the methodology
... Hydrolysis of protein and peptide samples is necessary for amino acid analysis of these molecules. The glassware used for hydrolysis must be very clean to avoid erroneous results. Glove powders and fingerprints on hydrolysis tubes may cause contamination. To clean glass hydrolysis tubes, boil tubes ...
... Hydrolysis of protein and peptide samples is necessary for amino acid analysis of these molecules. The glassware used for hydrolysis must be very clean to avoid erroneous results. Glove powders and fingerprints on hydrolysis tubes may cause contamination. To clean glass hydrolysis tubes, boil tubes ...
Metabolic fate and effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in
... has substrate specificity for fatty acids, with higher activity for ot-linolenate than for oleate or palmitate (4,5). Hence, in rat liver the substrate specificity of CPT I regulates the rate of oxidation of individual fatty acids within the mitochondrion. Fao rat hepatoma cells have been reported t ...
... has substrate specificity for fatty acids, with higher activity for ot-linolenate than for oleate or palmitate (4,5). Hence, in rat liver the substrate specificity of CPT I regulates the rate of oxidation of individual fatty acids within the mitochondrion. Fao rat hepatoma cells have been reported t ...
Chapter
... • Or binding to the enzyme may weaken a bond in a substrate molecule that must be broken in the course of the reaction, thus increasing the rate at which the reaction can occur. ...
... • Or binding to the enzyme may weaken a bond in a substrate molecule that must be broken in the course of the reaction, thus increasing the rate at which the reaction can occur. ...
Enzymes
... • Lyases (synthases) catalyze nonhydrolytic and non-oxidation cleavage or synthesis of molecules (removing/addition of the small molecule from/to substrate) – decarboxylase (→ CO2) – dehydratase (→ H2O) – hydratase (-CH=CH- + H2O → -CH(OH)CH2-) – synthase ...
... • Lyases (synthases) catalyze nonhydrolytic and non-oxidation cleavage or synthesis of molecules (removing/addition of the small molecule from/to substrate) – decarboxylase (→ CO2) – dehydratase (→ H2O) – hydratase (-CH=CH- + H2O → -CH(OH)CH2-) – synthase ...
Skeletal muscle phenotype affects fasting
... 2011; Teulier et al., 2013). In a recently published paper, it was shown that skeletal muscle mitochondria from fasted winteracclimatized chicks minimized the cost of ATP synthesis by increasing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation processes, which would ultimately alleviate the need for ener ...
... 2011; Teulier et al., 2013). In a recently published paper, it was shown that skeletal muscle mitochondria from fasted winteracclimatized chicks minimized the cost of ATP synthesis by increasing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation processes, which would ultimately alleviate the need for ener ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... • The pentose phosphate pathway (a.k.a, hexose monophosphate shunt, or 6-phosphogluconate pathway) occurs in cytosol of the cell • It consists of two, irreversible oxidative reactions, followed by a series of reversible sugar-phosphate interconversions. • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in t ...
... • The pentose phosphate pathway (a.k.a, hexose monophosphate shunt, or 6-phosphogluconate pathway) occurs in cytosol of the cell • It consists of two, irreversible oxidative reactions, followed by a series of reversible sugar-phosphate interconversions. • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in t ...
M-path: a compass for navigating potential metabolic pathways
... feature. Each iterative cycle (Fig. 1, Steps 1–4) uses a different reaction subset, so that the number of new results is expected to go to zero as the iteration number increases. To illustrate this, we applied M-path to calculate a pathway from glucose to succinate. As shown in Fig. 2, we obtained m ...
... feature. Each iterative cycle (Fig. 1, Steps 1–4) uses a different reaction subset, so that the number of new results is expected to go to zero as the iteration number increases. To illustrate this, we applied M-path to calculate a pathway from glucose to succinate. As shown in Fig. 2, we obtained m ...
Use of mitochondrial electron transport mutants
... active photorespiration are technically dif®cult, notably because ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenation and associated glycollate oxidation account for most of the observed gross O2 uptake (Rey and Peltier, 1989). Nevertheless, it can be inferred that even during high rates of photosynthesis in air, ...
... active photorespiration are technically dif®cult, notably because ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenation and associated glycollate oxidation account for most of the observed gross O2 uptake (Rey and Peltier, 1989). Nevertheless, it can be inferred that even during high rates of photosynthesis in air, ...
BMC Evolutionary Biology D- and L-lactate dehydrogenases during invertebrate evolution
... genes encoding L-LDH have been used as a model for gene duplication due to the multiple paralogs found in eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes. Phylogenetic studies have suggested that several gene duplication events led to the main isozymes of this gene family in chordates, but little is know ...
... genes encoding L-LDH have been used as a model for gene duplication due to the multiple paralogs found in eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes. Phylogenetic studies have suggested that several gene duplication events led to the main isozymes of this gene family in chordates, but little is know ...
The Metabolism of Triglycerides by Spores of Penic
... Growing cultures of Penicillium glaucum have been shown to oxidize up to 15yoof synthetic triglycerides containing C, to CI2fatty acids to the corresponding methylketones with one less carbon atom (Acklin, 1929; Thaler & Eisenlohr, 1941). The first step in the oxidation is presumably the hydrolysis ...
... Growing cultures of Penicillium glaucum have been shown to oxidize up to 15yoof synthetic triglycerides containing C, to CI2fatty acids to the corresponding methylketones with one less carbon atom (Acklin, 1929; Thaler & Eisenlohr, 1941). The first step in the oxidation is presumably the hydrolysis ...
A REVIEW ABS - International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
... diverse as in addition to being linked to the glycerol backbone; the phosphate group can be attached to a great variety (Table 2) of groups (Gurr and Harwood, 1991). Fatty acids are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. A great variety of fatty acids exist in nature. ...
... diverse as in addition to being linked to the glycerol backbone; the phosphate group can be attached to a great variety (Table 2) of groups (Gurr and Harwood, 1991). Fatty acids are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. A great variety of fatty acids exist in nature. ...
Practice Biochem Test
... b. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. c. They generally solidify at room temperature. d. They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of ...
... b. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. c. They generally solidify at room temperature. d. They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of ...
Enzymes - Coleg y Cymoedd Moodle
... Can provide the equivalent of extra heat to a reaction as they increase the energy of the reactants. Mammals do this by having a constant body temp of 370. This temp wouldn’t provide enough activation energy for many substrates to work (without enzymes) and if it goes above 400 then can permanently ...
... Can provide the equivalent of extra heat to a reaction as they increase the energy of the reactants. Mammals do this by having a constant body temp of 370. This temp wouldn’t provide enough activation energy for many substrates to work (without enzymes) and if it goes above 400 then can permanently ...
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
... are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the ending –e with –al and –one respectively. In case of aldehydes the longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group while in case of ketones the numbering begins from the end nearer to the carbony ...
... are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the ending –e with –al and –one respectively. In case of aldehydes the longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group while in case of ketones the numbering begins from the end nearer to the carbony ...
Tobacco Smoke
... GLUCOSE - 6 – PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Characteristic Lab. Features of a Haemolytic Attack ...
... GLUCOSE - 6 – PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY Characteristic Lab. Features of a Haemolytic Attack ...
1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... PGC-1α controls mitochondrial biogenesis (37). We measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial content (38). CS activity in muscle lysate was not altered by fasting or with adropin deletion or overexpression (SI-Fig. 6A). CS protein content and the levels of the OXPHOS prote ...
... PGC-1α controls mitochondrial biogenesis (37). We measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial content (38). CS activity in muscle lysate was not altered by fasting or with adropin deletion or overexpression (SI-Fig. 6A). CS protein content and the levels of the OXPHOS prote ...
The metabolism of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... garding the question. In the evolutionary process of carbohy drate metabolism It Is reasonable to postulate that the first enzymatic reactions were those of direct oxidation-reductions. Hie Introduc tion of phosphomxs Into the molecule increased the efficiency of metabolism and must have been a la ...
... garding the question. In the evolutionary process of carbohy drate metabolism It Is reasonable to postulate that the first enzymatic reactions were those of direct oxidation-reductions. Hie Introduc tion of phosphomxs Into the molecule increased the efficiency of metabolism and must have been a la ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.