1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... PGC-1α controls mitochondrial biogenesis (37). We measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial content (38). CS activity in muscle lysate was not altered by fasting or with adropin deletion or overexpression (SI-Fig. 6A). CS protein content and the levels of the OXPHOS prote ...
... PGC-1α controls mitochondrial biogenesis (37). We measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, a biomarker of mitochondrial content (38). CS activity in muscle lysate was not altered by fasting or with adropin deletion or overexpression (SI-Fig. 6A). CS protein content and the levels of the OXPHOS prote ...
Сarbohydrates
... Utillized by tissues for the ketone bodies synthesis Excreted through kidneys with urine Used for the glucose synthesis in a muscle +Included in a gluconeogenesis in a liver Used in tissues for the fatty acids synthesis 24. Under blood analysis for a patient the expressed hypoglucosemia is discovere ...
... Utillized by tissues for the ketone bodies synthesis Excreted through kidneys with urine Used for the glucose synthesis in a muscle +Included in a gluconeogenesis in a liver Used in tissues for the fatty acids synthesis 24. Under blood analysis for a patient the expressed hypoglucosemia is discovere ...
- Wiley Online Library
... then serve as tool box for the rational redesign of Yarrowia’s lipid flux with modified b-oxidation, TAG biosynthesis and w-oxidation thus allowing for the production of lipid precursors or for their conversion into other added-value derivatives. Additional engineering efforts can further optimize a ...
... then serve as tool box for the rational redesign of Yarrowia’s lipid flux with modified b-oxidation, TAG biosynthesis and w-oxidation thus allowing for the production of lipid precursors or for their conversion into other added-value derivatives. Additional engineering efforts can further optimize a ...
Isoleucine Synthesis by Clostridium sporogenes from
... with 0.02 M-sodium citrate buffer, pH 2.99, containing 3% (v/v) n-propanol was used to separate aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, and alanine. Program I1 with 0.2 M-sodium citrate buffer, pH 3.39, containing 3 % (v/v) methanol was used to separate valine, methionine, isoleucine, and ...
... with 0.02 M-sodium citrate buffer, pH 2.99, containing 3% (v/v) n-propanol was used to separate aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamate, glycine, and alanine. Program I1 with 0.2 M-sodium citrate buffer, pH 3.39, containing 3 % (v/v) methanol was used to separate valine, methionine, isoleucine, and ...
An overview on chemical modification of enzymes. The use of group
... side-chain This specificity can be influenc ed by the experimental conditions used, principally by the pH. Absolute selectivity for one single amino acid residue is very seldom achieved. One p a r t i c u l a r e n z y m e may p o s s e s s many residues of a certain kind, which can poten tially r ...
... side-chain This specificity can be influenc ed by the experimental conditions used, principally by the pH. Absolute selectivity for one single amino acid residue is very seldom achieved. One p a r t i c u l a r e n z y m e may p o s s e s s many residues of a certain kind, which can poten tially r ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... pathway (e.g. G3P), and two-carbon compounds such as acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is converted to OAA in the glyoxylate cycle (乙醛 酸循環), that operates in bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and some animals. Some organisms can fix inorganic carbon by incorporating it into two carbon and three-carbon organic ...
... pathway (e.g. G3P), and two-carbon compounds such as acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is converted to OAA in the glyoxylate cycle (乙醛 酸循環), that operates in bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and some animals. Some organisms can fix inorganic carbon by incorporating it into two carbon and three-carbon organic ...
amino-acids - ChemConnections
... light to the left is called L- (laevus = “left”) and the other enantiomer is called D- (dexter = right). Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties. They only differ in their interaction with other enantiomers. Most amino acids in proteins exist in the L-form. ...
... light to the left is called L- (laevus = “left”) and the other enantiomer is called D- (dexter = right). Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties. They only differ in their interaction with other enantiomers. Most amino acids in proteins exist in the L-form. ...
1 [Turn Over Section A For each question there are four possible
... No other combination of statements is used as a correct response. 36. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. When iron filings are added to nitric acid, a yellow solution and nitrogen dioxide gas are formed. On the addition of ammonium thiocyanate to the resultant solution, a bloodred ...
... No other combination of statements is used as a correct response. 36. Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. When iron filings are added to nitric acid, a yellow solution and nitrogen dioxide gas are formed. On the addition of ammonium thiocyanate to the resultant solution, a bloodred ...
Improved RP-HPLC and anion-exchange chromatography methods
... HPAEC method of Eberendu et al. (2005). A standard mixture, containing each of the 11 relevant carbohydrates in concentrations of 2 mg L–1 but no amino acids, is separated within 24 min, applying the gradient profile listed in Tab. 1. As Fig. 1A elucidates, xylose and mannose are not fully, but suff ...
... HPAEC method of Eberendu et al. (2005). A standard mixture, containing each of the 11 relevant carbohydrates in concentrations of 2 mg L–1 but no amino acids, is separated within 24 min, applying the gradient profile listed in Tab. 1. As Fig. 1A elucidates, xylose and mannose are not fully, but suff ...
Discoveries in Plant Biology 1998 Hatch
... families. Although it appeared unlikely that this process might be unique to sugar cane, this was still a very exciting result for us. Significantly, a sedge (Cyperus, family Cyperaceae) also showed classical C. acid labelling. In the same year, Osmond (1967) reported similar labelling in the dicoty ...
... families. Although it appeared unlikely that this process might be unique to sugar cane, this was still a very exciting result for us. Significantly, a sedge (Cyperus, family Cyperaceae) also showed classical C. acid labelling. In the same year, Osmond (1967) reported similar labelling in the dicoty ...
Transport of Aromatic Amino Acids by Brevibacterium linens
... Many aromatic amino acid transport systems have been characterized in gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella typhimurium (2) and Escherichia coli K-12 (7) have four transport systems for these amino acids. One is common for the three, and there is one specific system for each. Yersinia pestis (27) has a ...
... Many aromatic amino acid transport systems have been characterized in gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella typhimurium (2) and Escherichia coli K-12 (7) have four transport systems for these amino acids. One is common for the three, and there is one specific system for each. Yersinia pestis (27) has a ...
Methylation and Glutathione, Keys to Chronic
... Starting on Feb. 19, 2007, some CFS patients began trying the simplified treatment approach. Number of supplements was decreased to five. Cost became less than $3.00 per day. Initial results were quite striking. Use spread via on-line support groups, and soon a few clinicians started using it in the ...
... Starting on Feb. 19, 2007, some CFS patients began trying the simplified treatment approach. Number of supplements was decreased to five. Cost became less than $3.00 per day. Initial results were quite striking. Use spread via on-line support groups, and soon a few clinicians started using it in the ...
Methylation and Glutathione, Keys to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
... Starting on Feb. 19, 2007, some CFS patients began trying the simplified treatment approach. Number of supplements was decreased to five. Cost became less than $3.00 per day. Initial results were quite striking. Use spread via on-line support groups, and soon a few clinicians started using it in the ...
... Starting on Feb. 19, 2007, some CFS patients began trying the simplified treatment approach. Number of supplements was decreased to five. Cost became less than $3.00 per day. Initial results were quite striking. Use spread via on-line support groups, and soon a few clinicians started using it in the ...
a-Aminoadipate aminotransferase from an extremely
... degenerate primers for PCR to clone a DNA fragment containing a Kat2 homologue of T. thermophilus HB27. An amplified 666 bp fragment was blunted, phosphorylated and ligated into the EcoRV site of pBluescript II KS (+) (Strategene). The resulting plasmid was named pKSAAA101. Based on the information ...
... degenerate primers for PCR to clone a DNA fragment containing a Kat2 homologue of T. thermophilus HB27. An amplified 666 bp fragment was blunted, phosphorylated and ligated into the EcoRV site of pBluescript II KS (+) (Strategene). The resulting plasmid was named pKSAAA101. Based on the information ...
Alkene epoxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 BM-3 139-3 Edgardo T. Farinas,
... reflects the different C – H bond strengths: the v-2 secondary allylic C –H bond (DH 0298,83 kcal/mol) is weaker than the v-3 secondary C – H bond (DH 0298,98 kcal/mol). NADPH oxidation is not necessarily an accurate measure of P450 catalytic activity, because electron equivalents from NADPH can be ...
... reflects the different C – H bond strengths: the v-2 secondary allylic C –H bond (DH 0298,83 kcal/mol) is weaker than the v-3 secondary C – H bond (DH 0298,98 kcal/mol). NADPH oxidation is not necessarily an accurate measure of P450 catalytic activity, because electron equivalents from NADPH can be ...
Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation in the Era of Tandem Mass
... most common mutation in people of Northern European descent is in the nucleotide 985 where A has been changed to G, leading to a lysine to glutamic acid change in the residue 329 of the protein.19,46-48 Between 75% and 80% of patients are homozygous for this common mutation, whereas another 18% are ...
... most common mutation in people of Northern European descent is in the nucleotide 985 where A has been changed to G, leading to a lysine to glutamic acid change in the residue 329 of the protein.19,46-48 Between 75% and 80% of patients are homozygous for this common mutation, whereas another 18% are ...
ENZYME WEBQUEST
... Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work by interfering with the cyclooxygenase pathway. The normal process begins with arachidonic acid, a dietary unsaturated fatty acid obtained from animal fats. This acid is converted by the enzyme cyclooxygenase to synthesize different prostaglandins. The prost ...
... Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work by interfering with the cyclooxygenase pathway. The normal process begins with arachidonic acid, a dietary unsaturated fatty acid obtained from animal fats. This acid is converted by the enzyme cyclooxygenase to synthesize different prostaglandins. The prost ...
〈541〉 TITRIMETRY
... the buret in order that the final drop added will not overrun the endpoint. The quantity of the substance being titrated may be calculated from the volume and the normality or molarity factor of the titrant and the equivalence factor for the substance given in the individual monograph. Residual Titr ...
... the buret in order that the final drop added will not overrun the endpoint. The quantity of the substance being titrated may be calculated from the volume and the normality or molarity factor of the titrant and the equivalence factor for the substance given in the individual monograph. Residual Titr ...
Methane as a Minor Product of Pyruvate Metabolism
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
Slides
... Returns list of all pathways that are not super-pathways (genes-of-pathway pwy) (unique-genes-of-pathway pwy) Returns list of all genes of a pathway that are not also part of other pathways (enzymes-of-pathway pwy) (substrates-of-pathway pwy) (variants-of-pathway pwy) Returns all pathways i ...
... Returns list of all pathways that are not super-pathways (genes-of-pathway pwy) (unique-genes-of-pathway pwy) Returns list of all genes of a pathway that are not also part of other pathways (enzymes-of-pathway pwy) (substrates-of-pathway pwy) (variants-of-pathway pwy) Returns all pathways i ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.