Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella - The Keep
... can drive energy-‐dependent processes (e.g., transport) or be coupled to the production of ATP by proton-‐dependentATPase (Fig. 4) [24–27,29,77]. Protons can be translocated by an electron transport system than ...
... can drive energy-‐dependent processes (e.g., transport) or be coupled to the production of ATP by proton-‐dependentATPase (Fig. 4) [24–27,29,77]. Protons can be translocated by an electron transport system than ...
Cellular Respiration
... produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several m ...
... produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several m ...
A generalized stoichiometric model of C3, C2, C2
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
Request reprint ©
... amino group between the flight muscle and the fat body to avoid ammonia’s toxic effects (Scaraffia and Wells, 2003). In correlation with these observations, when Ae. aegypti females were given access to solutions containing ammonium chloride, hemolymph glutamine and proline concentrations increased ma ...
... amino group between the flight muscle and the fat body to avoid ammonia’s toxic effects (Scaraffia and Wells, 2003). In correlation with these observations, when Ae. aegypti females were given access to solutions containing ammonium chloride, hemolymph glutamine and proline concentrations increased ma ...
Explanation of colon cancer pathophysiology through analyzing the
... modification. Bile acids play a key role in solubilization and emulsification of fat to help digestion in the digestive tract1. Colon plays an important role in the modification of bile acids. For example, in the ileum, the enzymes released by intestinal flora can modify the deconjugated bile acids2 ...
... modification. Bile acids play a key role in solubilization and emulsification of fat to help digestion in the digestive tract1. Colon plays an important role in the modification of bile acids. For example, in the ileum, the enzymes released by intestinal flora can modify the deconjugated bile acids2 ...
Chemical Equilibrium
... can conclude that a reaction is thermodynamically feasible if rG 0 (Fig. 4.4). Conversely, because eqn 4.8 tells us that K 1 if rG 0, then we know that the reactants will be dominant in a reaction mixture at equilibrium if rG 0. In other words, a reaction with rG 0 is not thermodyn ...
... can conclude that a reaction is thermodynamically feasible if rG 0 (Fig. 4.4). Conversely, because eqn 4.8 tells us that K 1 if rG 0, then we know that the reactants will be dominant in a reaction mixture at equilibrium if rG 0. In other words, a reaction with rG 0 is not thermodyn ...
Metabolomic and flux‐balance analysis of age‐related decline of
... (Steenbergen et al, 1987), and this calcium accumulation can damage mitochondria. Upon reperfusion, the cell experiences sudden oxygen influxes that its inactive oxidative pathways and damaged mitochondria cannot immediately metabolize, resulting in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ambr ...
... (Steenbergen et al, 1987), and this calcium accumulation can damage mitochondria. Upon reperfusion, the cell experiences sudden oxygen influxes that its inactive oxidative pathways and damaged mitochondria cannot immediately metabolize, resulting in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ambr ...
Translation is simply the decoding of nucleotide sequences on
... Aminoacids: The pool of 20 amino acids is used in the synthesis of polypeptides or proteins; these are shown in Fig. 2b. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases: This set of enzymes catalyses the attachment of each amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule. A tRNA molecule attached to its amino acid is call ...
... Aminoacids: The pool of 20 amino acids is used in the synthesis of polypeptides or proteins; these are shown in Fig. 2b. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases: This set of enzymes catalyses the attachment of each amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule. A tRNA molecule attached to its amino acid is call ...
Accumulation of D6-unsaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco
... Although a previous study demonstrated the accumulation of GLA and OTA in tobacco plants expressing the borage D6-fatty acid desaturase, the distribution of these fatty acids in different lipid classes was not determined and, in particular, whether there were any constraints on the accumulation of G ...
... Although a previous study demonstrated the accumulation of GLA and OTA in tobacco plants expressing the borage D6-fatty acid desaturase, the distribution of these fatty acids in different lipid classes was not determined and, in particular, whether there were any constraints on the accumulation of G ...
Factors affecting enzyme activity ppt - Mr. Lesiuk
... At lower concentrations, the active sites on most of the enzyme molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum ...
... At lower concentrations, the active sites on most of the enzyme molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum ...
Document
... At lower concentrations, the active sites on most of the enzyme molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum ...
... At lower concentrations, the active sites on most of the enzyme molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum ...
Metabolism of pentoses, glycogen, Fru and Gal
... Isomerases, epimerases, transketolases, transaldolases Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ...
... Isomerases, epimerases, transketolases, transaldolases Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ...
Phospholipid Ester-linked Fatty Acid Biomarkers of
... & White, 1983). Unisil (1 g, 100-200 mesh) silicic acid (activated at 100 "C, 1 h) was slurried into glass columns with chloroform. Total extractable lipid was then applied to the silicic acid in 2 ml chloroform. Neutral lipids were eluted with 10 ml chloroform, glycolipids with 10 ml acetone and ph ...
... & White, 1983). Unisil (1 g, 100-200 mesh) silicic acid (activated at 100 "C, 1 h) was slurried into glass columns with chloroform. Total extractable lipid was then applied to the silicic acid in 2 ml chloroform. Neutral lipids were eluted with 10 ml chloroform, glycolipids with 10 ml acetone and ph ...
Alteration by site-directed mutagenesis of the
... enzyme does have single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity, and ATP-dependent nuclease activity on single-stranded DNA. These activities are reduced by only about 5—8-fold and less than 2-fold, respectively, compared to the RecBCD enzyme. The ATP-dependence of the nuclease activity suggests that ...
... enzyme does have single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity, and ATP-dependent nuclease activity on single-stranded DNA. These activities are reduced by only about 5—8-fold and less than 2-fold, respectively, compared to the RecBCD enzyme. The ATP-dependence of the nuclease activity suggests that ...
Adaptations of anaerobic archaea to life under extreme energy
... well known for their anaerobic photosynthesis. Interestingly, one prominent family of the Archaea, the Halobacteriaceae, is known for their light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, which translocates protons from the inside to the outside using a light-driven retinal switch (Oesterhelt & Tittor, ...
... well known for their anaerobic photosynthesis. Interestingly, one prominent family of the Archaea, the Halobacteriaceae, is known for their light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, which translocates protons from the inside to the outside using a light-driven retinal switch (Oesterhelt & Tittor, ...
ALT
... GPT (ALT) is widely distributed in cells throughout the body. GPT (ALT) is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of hepatic parenchymal cells and is widely considered to be specifically for the liver. In addition, it is also active in the heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and the kidney. GPT (ALT) ac ...
... GPT (ALT) is widely distributed in cells throughout the body. GPT (ALT) is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of hepatic parenchymal cells and is widely considered to be specifically for the liver. In addition, it is also active in the heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and the kidney. GPT (ALT) ac ...
this PDF file - Periodica Polytechnica
... The non-essential amino acid content in winter wheat grains is shown in Table 7. Fertilizing produced significant positive or negative changes in all amino acids except proline (PRO), depending on the treatment. Compared to unfertilized treatment, N increased the contents in arginine (ARG), histidin ...
... The non-essential amino acid content in winter wheat grains is shown in Table 7. Fertilizing produced significant positive or negative changes in all amino acids except proline (PRO), depending on the treatment. Compared to unfertilized treatment, N increased the contents in arginine (ARG), histidin ...
The Structural Basis of Molecular Adaptation
... are needed for that. And so, three decades later, the field of molecular adaptation emerges cleaved between phylogenetics and physiological genetics, between history and mechanism, between pattern and process. That this is the case is hardly surprising, as a brief reflection quickly exposes the diff ...
... are needed for that. And so, three decades later, the field of molecular adaptation emerges cleaved between phylogenetics and physiological genetics, between history and mechanism, between pattern and process. That this is the case is hardly surprising, as a brief reflection quickly exposes the diff ...
1 Analysis of Polyphenoloxidase Enzyme Activity from Potato Extract
... and all their metabolic intermediates. Enzymes are able to perform their functions by binding to reactants in a very specific manner, straining them to increase their reactivity and providing the chemical environment necessary to allow the reaction to proceed quickly and efficiently. The rate at whi ...
... and all their metabolic intermediates. Enzymes are able to perform their functions by binding to reactants in a very specific manner, straining them to increase their reactivity and providing the chemical environment necessary to allow the reaction to proceed quickly and efficiently. The rate at whi ...
Exercise Physiology
... - the major fuels used vary with the intensity and duration of exercise (glucose – early, FFA – later) ...
... - the major fuels used vary with the intensity and duration of exercise (glucose – early, FFA – later) ...
Level of endogenous free amino acids during various stages of
... The present study was designed to evaluate the endogenous levels of different amino acids associated with a particular state of in vitro development, i.e. embryogenic or regenerating tissue and regenerated shoots of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, one of the most important pulse crops of India. Plant regen ...
... The present study was designed to evaluate the endogenous levels of different amino acids associated with a particular state of in vitro development, i.e. embryogenic or regenerating tissue and regenerated shoots of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, one of the most important pulse crops of India. Plant regen ...
The Origin of the Genetic Code
... value of this idea, since such a natural catalyst has not yet been discovered. Another possibility is that a crude template mechanism developed at an early stage. This is fully discussed in the companion paper. (b) The mechanism of "random" synthesis may preferentially produce structures with multip ...
... value of this idea, since such a natural catalyst has not yet been discovered. Another possibility is that a crude template mechanism developed at an early stage. This is fully discussed in the companion paper. (b) The mechanism of "random" synthesis may preferentially produce structures with multip ...
Alternative isoleucine synthesis pathway in
... Utilization of the citramalate pathway was confirmed by an enzyme assay and LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the genome sequence of Cyanothece 51142 shows that the gene encoding the key enzyme (threonine ammonia-lyase) in the normal isoleucine pathway is missing. Instead, the cce_0248 gene in Cyanoth ...
... Utilization of the citramalate pathway was confirmed by an enzyme assay and LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the genome sequence of Cyanothece 51142 shows that the gene encoding the key enzyme (threonine ammonia-lyase) in the normal isoleucine pathway is missing. Instead, the cce_0248 gene in Cyanoth ...
Modular organization of cardiac energy metabolism: energy
... there is a strict relationship between oxidative ATP synthesis and utilization. On the other hand, intracellular ATP concentration does not change regardless of the increase in cardiac workload (Balaban et al. 1986) with ATP synthesis per day exceeding many times the heart mass itself (Saks et al. 2 ...
... there is a strict relationship between oxidative ATP synthesis and utilization. On the other hand, intracellular ATP concentration does not change regardless of the increase in cardiac workload (Balaban et al. 1986) with ATP synthesis per day exceeding many times the heart mass itself (Saks et al. 2 ...
Citrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria
... or cultivation under carbohydrate limitation are generally observed in different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria [50-53]. The complex mechanisms that are involved in regulation of pyruvate metabolism L. lactis will be discussed below. In Leuconostoc spp. isolated from dairy sources pyruvate me ...
... or cultivation under carbohydrate limitation are generally observed in different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria [50-53]. The complex mechanisms that are involved in regulation of pyruvate metabolism L. lactis will be discussed below. In Leuconostoc spp. isolated from dairy sources pyruvate me ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.