Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition © 2009 Cengage - Wadsworth
... in fat molecules are easily oxidized and result in more ATP. © 2009 Cengage - Wadsworth ...
... in fat molecules are easily oxidized and result in more ATP. © 2009 Cengage - Wadsworth ...
Production and Utilization of Acetate in Mammals
... Initial experiments on the intracellular distribution of acetyl-CoA synthetase and acetyl-CoA hydrolase were performed by differential centrifugation of homogenates in 0.25M-sucrose (Schneider & Hogeboom, 1950). Although the particulate activities of the two enzymes were associated with the mitochon ...
... Initial experiments on the intracellular distribution of acetyl-CoA synthetase and acetyl-CoA hydrolase were performed by differential centrifugation of homogenates in 0.25M-sucrose (Schneider & Hogeboom, 1950). Although the particulate activities of the two enzymes were associated with the mitochon ...
Chemical Reactions
... Oxidation-Reduction reactions, also known as redox reactions, are reactions that involve a transfer of electrons as the reaction proceeds from reactants to products. This lesson will discuss two primary types of redox reactions. They include single displacement reactions and combustion reactions. Th ...
... Oxidation-Reduction reactions, also known as redox reactions, are reactions that involve a transfer of electrons as the reaction proceeds from reactants to products. This lesson will discuss two primary types of redox reactions. They include single displacement reactions and combustion reactions. Th ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
... 14CO2-fixation is aspartate via aspartate aminotransferase in the MC cytoplasm. The aspartate is transported to BSC mitochondria, where it is deaminated by aspartate aminotransferase. The product oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by NAD-malate dehydrogenase and then the malate is decarboxylated by N ...
... 14CO2-fixation is aspartate via aspartate aminotransferase in the MC cytoplasm. The aspartate is transported to BSC mitochondria, where it is deaminated by aspartate aminotransferase. The product oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by NAD-malate dehydrogenase and then the malate is decarboxylated by N ...
Chapter 6 PowerPoint File
... • Chloroplasts rearrange the atoms of these ingredients to produce sugars (glucose) and other organic molecules. – Oxygen gas is a by-product of photosynthesis. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Chloroplasts rearrange the atoms of these ingredients to produce sugars (glucose) and other organic molecules. – Oxygen gas is a by-product of photosynthesis. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Chapter 6 Enzymes
... Diffusion rate limits upper end of specificity constant to 108-109 Can see in table 6-8 that some enzymes are near this limit This mean that as soon as 2 substrate diffuse into enzyme, the enzyme is near 100% efficiency for making the reaction go ...
... Diffusion rate limits upper end of specificity constant to 108-109 Can see in table 6-8 that some enzymes are near this limit This mean that as soon as 2 substrate diffuse into enzyme, the enzyme is near 100% efficiency for making the reaction go ...
Premigratory fat metabolism in hummingbirds: A Rumsfeldian
... ambient temperatures (Sutherland et al., 1982). Therefore, it is possible that, at low ambient temperature, disposal of ingested water may limit the intake rate of dilute floral nectars. These results are supported by a theoretical model (Calder, 1979) that predicts hummingbirds should preferentiall ...
... ambient temperatures (Sutherland et al., 1982). Therefore, it is possible that, at low ambient temperature, disposal of ingested water may limit the intake rate of dilute floral nectars. These results are supported by a theoretical model (Calder, 1979) that predicts hummingbirds should preferentiall ...
Chapter Ten
... Each day, acid produced in the body is excreted in the urine. The kidney returns HCO3- to the extracellular fluids, where it becomes part of the bicarbonate reserve. ...
... Each day, acid produced in the body is excreted in the urine. The kidney returns HCO3- to the extracellular fluids, where it becomes part of the bicarbonate reserve. ...
E. Transport of certain drugs
... mitochondria and in the chloroplasts of plants. Prokaryotic cells, which lack nuclei, have a single chromosome but may also contain nonchromosomal DNA in the form of plastids. The DNA contained in a fertilized egg encodes the information that directs the development of an organism. This development ...
... mitochondria and in the chloroplasts of plants. Prokaryotic cells, which lack nuclei, have a single chromosome but may also contain nonchromosomal DNA in the form of plastids. The DNA contained in a fertilized egg encodes the information that directs the development of an organism. This development ...
Transcriptome analysis reveals unique C4
... and the green microalga Myrmecia incisa Reisigl H4301 has been found a potential ArA-producer due to a high content of intracellular ArA. To gain more molecular information about metabolism pathways, including the biosynthesis of ArA in the non-model microalga, a transcriptomic analysis was performe ...
... and the green microalga Myrmecia incisa Reisigl H4301 has been found a potential ArA-producer due to a high content of intracellular ArA. To gain more molecular information about metabolism pathways, including the biosynthesis of ArA in the non-model microalga, a transcriptomic analysis was performe ...
A novel multifunctional O-methyltransferase implicated in a dual
... precursors. We first speculated that, like in Zinnia, loblolly pine could also contain two classes of lignin pathway OMTs catalyzing independently the methylation of caffeic acid and caffeoyl CoA. We therefore initiated the cloning of loblolly pine OMTs, with the initial focus on PCR cloning of CAOM ...
... precursors. We first speculated that, like in Zinnia, loblolly pine could also contain two classes of lignin pathway OMTs catalyzing independently the methylation of caffeic acid and caffeoyl CoA. We therefore initiated the cloning of loblolly pine OMTs, with the initial focus on PCR cloning of CAOM ...
Document
... – regulate metabolic reaction rates – i.e., control metabolism • molecules (mostly protein) that accelerate or catalyze chemical reactions (A--->B) in cells by breaking old covalent bonds and forming new covalent bonds ...
... – regulate metabolic reaction rates – i.e., control metabolism • molecules (mostly protein) that accelerate or catalyze chemical reactions (A--->B) in cells by breaking old covalent bonds and forming new covalent bonds ...
Discovering the role of mitochondria in the iron deficiency
... bioavailability of oxidised Fe3+ is poor due to the limited solubility of its compounds. Thus, the acquisition, usage and detoxification of Fe poses a considerable challenge for cells and organisms, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to satisfy their metabolic needs and, concomitantly, minim ...
... bioavailability of oxidised Fe3+ is poor due to the limited solubility of its compounds. Thus, the acquisition, usage and detoxification of Fe poses a considerable challenge for cells and organisms, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to satisfy their metabolic needs and, concomitantly, minim ...
Isolation of All Soluble Tryptic Peptides from the α Polypeptide
... Chymotryptic activity of trypsin was removed from trypsin (Worthington Biochemical Corp., twice crystallized) by dissolving it in 1/16N HCl to a concentration of 1% and allowing to stand at 37°C for 16 hours as described by REDFIELDand ANFINSEN.14)The urea-denaturated a polypeptide chain was suspend ...
... Chymotryptic activity of trypsin was removed from trypsin (Worthington Biochemical Corp., twice crystallized) by dissolving it in 1/16N HCl to a concentration of 1% and allowing to stand at 37°C for 16 hours as described by REDFIELDand ANFINSEN.14)The urea-denaturated a polypeptide chain was suspend ...
Amino acid specificity in translation
... with O30 different unnatural amino acids have been successfully incorporated into protein [9]. Together, these data suggest that the translational apparatus lacks specificity for different amino acids, once they are esterified onto tRNA. In a few isolated cases, however, the translation machinery se ...
... with O30 different unnatural amino acids have been successfully incorporated into protein [9]. Together, these data suggest that the translational apparatus lacks specificity for different amino acids, once they are esterified onto tRNA. In a few isolated cases, however, the translation machinery se ...
mschi
... The development of efficient microbial processes for the production of flavonoids has been a metabolic engineering goal for the past several years, primarily due to the purported health-promoting effects of these compounds. Although significant strides have been made recently in improving strain titers ...
... The development of efficient microbial processes for the production of flavonoids has been a metabolic engineering goal for the past several years, primarily due to the purported health-promoting effects of these compounds. Although significant strides have been made recently in improving strain titers ...
Protein digestion and amino acid absorption along
... to estimate. Dietary treatment and postprandial time are likely to affect the peptide fraction as they do the amount of free amino acids. Because the concentration of free amino acids is higher in the digesta of fish than in that of mammals or reptiles (Dabrowski, 1983b), it has been claimed that th ...
... to estimate. Dietary treatment and postprandial time are likely to affect the peptide fraction as they do the amount of free amino acids. Because the concentration of free amino acids is higher in the digesta of fish than in that of mammals or reptiles (Dabrowski, 1983b), it has been claimed that th ...
Malo-ethanolic fermentation in Saccharomyces and
... preservation of malic enzymes throughout a wide spectrum of organisms in nature, it is believed that malic enzymes are responsible for various essential physiological functions in living organisms (Driscoll and Finan 1996; Song et al. 2001). The end-products of the malic enzyme reaction, i.e. pyruvi ...
... preservation of malic enzymes throughout a wide spectrum of organisms in nature, it is believed that malic enzymes are responsible for various essential physiological functions in living organisms (Driscoll and Finan 1996; Song et al. 2001). The end-products of the malic enzyme reaction, i.e. pyruvi ...
A Study of Free Amino Acids and of Glutamine
... growth on the total free amino acid concentration of liver and muscle, the free a-amino nitrogen of these tissues was also determined. In the liver (Table 2), no significant difference in the total free amino acids between the tumor-bearing and con trol animals was ever found. Yet, a definite in cre ...
... growth on the total free amino acid concentration of liver and muscle, the free a-amino nitrogen of these tissues was also determined. In the liver (Table 2), no significant difference in the total free amino acids between the tumor-bearing and con trol animals was ever found. Yet, a definite in cre ...
Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid
... acid, decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid amount to 20mol% of the fatty acids synthesized in this tissue (Grunnet & Knudsen, 1979a). In contrast, goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase is by itself able to synthesize medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of the microsomal fraction and substrates ...
... acid, decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid amount to 20mol% of the fatty acids synthesized in this tissue (Grunnet & Knudsen, 1979a). In contrast, goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase is by itself able to synthesize medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of the microsomal fraction and substrates ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.