CHANNELING OF SUBSTRATES AND INTERMEDIATES IN
... regulated by allosteric communication between the active sites. Does the tunneling event also synchronize the enzymatic reactions occurring at the distinct active sites? What is the mechanism of diffusion through a protein tunnel? Is active transport employed? It is not clear in most cases whether t ...
... regulated by allosteric communication between the active sites. Does the tunneling event also synchronize the enzymatic reactions occurring at the distinct active sites? What is the mechanism of diffusion through a protein tunnel? Is active transport employed? It is not clear in most cases whether t ...
Arabidopsis Branched-Chain Aminotransferase 3
... plants, levels of free amino acids were measured in rosette leaves of about 3-week-old plants and in seeds (data not shown). In the latter no significant differences were observed in the levels of free amino acids. This also holds true for most amino acids in rosette leaves with the exceptions of Va ...
... plants, levels of free amino acids were measured in rosette leaves of about 3-week-old plants and in seeds (data not shown). In the latter no significant differences were observed in the levels of free amino acids. This also holds true for most amino acids in rosette leaves with the exceptions of Va ...
BIOCHEMISTRY Which of the following single
... The most important positive regulator of the committed step of glycolysis is the availability of A. fructose 1,6 bisphosphate B. ATP C. Citrate D. fructose 2,6 bisphosphate ...
... The most important positive regulator of the committed step of glycolysis is the availability of A. fructose 1,6 bisphosphate B. ATP C. Citrate D. fructose 2,6 bisphosphate ...
Mitochondrial Functions in Mood Disorders
... Eukaryotes synthetize ATP mainly by glycolysis in the cytosol and by OXPHOS in the mito‐ chondria; i.e. the majority of cellular ATP is generated by glycolytic degradation of glucose to pyruvate in cytosol followed by aerobic cellular respiration. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (ace ...
... Eukaryotes synthetize ATP mainly by glycolysis in the cytosol and by OXPHOS in the mito‐ chondria; i.e. the majority of cellular ATP is generated by glycolytic degradation of glucose to pyruvate in cytosol followed by aerobic cellular respiration. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (ace ...
chapter 1 introduction: themes in the study of life
... of operating under only one hypothesis is that it might restrict the search for evidence in support of this hypothesis; scientists might bias their search, as well as neglect to consider other possible solutions. • Hypotheses must be testable via the hypothetico-deductive method. Predictions made fr ...
... of operating under only one hypothesis is that it might restrict the search for evidence in support of this hypothesis; scientists might bias their search, as well as neglect to consider other possible solutions. • Hypotheses must be testable via the hypothetico-deductive method. Predictions made fr ...
University of Groningen Fructosyltransferases of Lactobacillus
... cloths, it accelerates the skin healing process. An acidic mixture of chitin, when applied to burns, also accelerates the healing process. Left on for a few days, it can heal a third-degree bun completely. Chitosan is a molecule that is chemically derived from chitin by strong alkali treatment. This ...
... cloths, it accelerates the skin healing process. An acidic mixture of chitin, when applied to burns, also accelerates the healing process. Left on for a few days, it can heal a third-degree bun completely. Chitosan is a molecule that is chemically derived from chitin by strong alkali treatment. This ...
Bile
... Bile acid contains both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. In aqueous solution they aggregate to form micelles. The dispersion of food fat into micelles provide a largely increased surface area for the action of the enzyme pancreatic lipase, which actually digests the triglycerides, and is able to r ...
... Bile acid contains both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. In aqueous solution they aggregate to form micelles. The dispersion of food fat into micelles provide a largely increased surface area for the action of the enzyme pancreatic lipase, which actually digests the triglycerides, and is able to r ...
Mutational properties of amino acid residues
... all amino acid residues are equally likely to mutate or to result from a mutation. Here, by reconstructing ancestral sequences and computing mutational probabilities for all the amino acid residues, we refute this assumption and show extensive inequalities between different residues in terms of thei ...
... all amino acid residues are equally likely to mutate or to result from a mutation. Here, by reconstructing ancestral sequences and computing mutational probabilities for all the amino acid residues, we refute this assumption and show extensive inequalities between different residues in terms of thei ...
Stoking the Brightest Fires of Life Among Vertebrates
... per minute (Suarez et al. 1990). On the other hand, the rate of fatty acid oxidation required to support hovering when RQ = 0.71 is 3.8 µmole palmitate per g muscle per minute. These estimated flux rates can be compared with enzymatic flux capacities or Vmax values to yield further insights. However ...
... per minute (Suarez et al. 1990). On the other hand, the rate of fatty acid oxidation required to support hovering when RQ = 0.71 is 3.8 µmole palmitate per g muscle per minute. These estimated flux rates can be compared with enzymatic flux capacities or Vmax values to yield further insights. However ...
Deriving phylogenetic trees from the similarity analysis of metabolic
... series of individual chemical reactions in a living system that combine to perform one or more important functions. The product of one reaction in a pathway serves as the substrate for the following reaction. Recently a few methods that use organisms' metabolic pathways to compute a phylogenetic tre ...
... series of individual chemical reactions in a living system that combine to perform one or more important functions. The product of one reaction in a pathway serves as the substrate for the following reaction. Recently a few methods that use organisms' metabolic pathways to compute a phylogenetic tre ...
51`oUL cUoa
... activity is hindered by Zn2+, Bc2+, PO43", ASO43", CN~, oxalate, citrate ions, and thiol compounds. Both groups have a fairly broad substrate specificity, thus they are capable of hydrolyzing a variety of physiological and nonphysiological substrates, like glycerol phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosph ...
... activity is hindered by Zn2+, Bc2+, PO43", ASO43", CN~, oxalate, citrate ions, and thiol compounds. Both groups have a fairly broad substrate specificity, thus they are capable of hydrolyzing a variety of physiological and nonphysiological substrates, like glycerol phosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosph ...
PloS one
... fatty acids) and N-compounds, and the second by the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a 30% average decrease in total fatty acids. Network-based analysis identified coordinated metabolic processes during development and demonstrated the presence of five network communities. Enric ...
... fatty acids) and N-compounds, and the second by the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a 30% average decrease in total fatty acids. Network-based analysis identified coordinated metabolic processes during development and demonstrated the presence of five network communities. Enric ...
Mutational properties of amino acid residues: implications for
... all amino acid residues are equally likely to mutate or to result from a mutation. Here, by reconstructing ancestral sequences and computing mutational probabilities for all the amino acid residues, we refute this assumption and show extensive inequalities between different residues in terms of thei ...
... all amino acid residues are equally likely to mutate or to result from a mutation. Here, by reconstructing ancestral sequences and computing mutational probabilities for all the amino acid residues, we refute this assumption and show extensive inequalities between different residues in terms of thei ...
NMEICT PROJECT
... Class 2. Transferases. These enzymes will transfer a group, like a methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (donor) to another compound (acceptor). .( Systematic name: donor:acceptor grouptransferase while the trival name will be acceptor grouptransferase or donor grouptransferase). X-Y + ...
... Class 2. Transferases. These enzymes will transfer a group, like a methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (donor) to another compound (acceptor). .( Systematic name: donor:acceptor grouptransferase while the trival name will be acceptor grouptransferase or donor grouptransferase). X-Y + ...
Isotope fractionations in the biosynthesis of cell components by
... The isotope fractionation of carbon from substrates possessing different isotope ratios into fatty acids of polar lipids and amino acids was determined for four different fungi (Rhizopus arrhizus, Mortierella isabellina, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger). Carbon isotope ratios of fungi closely fol ...
... The isotope fractionation of carbon from substrates possessing different isotope ratios into fatty acids of polar lipids and amino acids was determined for four different fungi (Rhizopus arrhizus, Mortierella isabellina, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger). Carbon isotope ratios of fungi closely fol ...
Metabolic profiling of strawberry
... Strawberry (Fragaria3ananassa Duch), a fruit of economic and nutritional importance, is also a model species for fleshy fruits and genomics in Rosaceae. Strawberry fruit quality at different harvest stages is a function of the fruit’s metabolite content, which results from physiological changes duri ...
... Strawberry (Fragaria3ananassa Duch), a fruit of economic and nutritional importance, is also a model species for fleshy fruits and genomics in Rosaceae. Strawberry fruit quality at different harvest stages is a function of the fruit’s metabolite content, which results from physiological changes duri ...
Improved metabolic process control by analysis of genetic clone
... perfectly controlled and osmolality, which is usually not controlled at all in fed-batches [31][32][32]. Homeostasis between external and internal pH, like in lactic acid bacteria [33], is rarely mechanistically considered, although practitioners and researchers know that a shift in external pH shif ...
... perfectly controlled and osmolality, which is usually not controlled at all in fed-batches [31][32][32]. Homeostasis between external and internal pH, like in lactic acid bacteria [33], is rarely mechanistically considered, although practitioners and researchers know that a shift in external pH shif ...
PE_Ans_Bk1_e_public
... lipids form waterproof cuticle on the epidermis of plants and oil on the skin of mammals preventing dehydration or protein like keratin in nails hardens the nails for defence ...
... lipids form waterproof cuticle on the epidermis of plants and oil on the skin of mammals preventing dehydration or protein like keratin in nails hardens the nails for defence ...
Lecture 03, NEW - terpenes + polyketides
... enzyme, passed from one active site to the next Different active sites carry out the ...
... enzyme, passed from one active site to the next Different active sites carry out the ...
File
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
... 5.2 Oxidation Numbers Oxidation number the apparent charge an atom would have if it gained or lost its bonding electrons Consider the example of sulfur dioxide, SO2. In sulfur dioxide, oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur. Since oxygen gains two electrons to form the oxide ion, O-2, in ionic c ...
Fragmentation pathway for glutamine identification: Loss of 73 da
... glutamine and glutamic acid. This is because glutamine can be hydrolyzed to glutamic acid during the butanol derivatization. Moreover, the fragmentation of glutamine during CID gives a fragment peak at the same m/z value as pyroglutamic acid, making impossible the distinction of glutamine and pyrogl ...
... glutamine and glutamic acid. This is because glutamine can be hydrolyzed to glutamic acid during the butanol derivatization. Moreover, the fragmentation of glutamine during CID gives a fragment peak at the same m/z value as pyroglutamic acid, making impossible the distinction of glutamine and pyrogl ...
Molecular Physiological Analysis of the Two Plastidic ATP/ADP
... made the surprising observation that plastidic ATP/ADP transport activity is not required to pass through the complete plant life cycle. However, plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter activity is required for both an undisturbed development of young tissues and a controlled cellular metabolism in mature lea ...
... made the surprising observation that plastidic ATP/ADP transport activity is not required to pass through the complete plant life cycle. However, plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter activity is required for both an undisturbed development of young tissues and a controlled cellular metabolism in mature lea ...
Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... apoenzyme can catalyze reactions by themselves A cofactor can be either an inorganic ion or an organic molecule, called a coenzyme Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins, organic molecules that are dietary requirements for metabolism and/or growth Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 2 ...
... apoenzyme can catalyze reactions by themselves A cofactor can be either an inorganic ion or an organic molecule, called a coenzyme Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins, organic molecules that are dietary requirements for metabolism and/or growth Based on McMurry, Organic Chemistry, Chapter 2 ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.