REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION I
... essential for activity (for example, the - S H groups), through denaturation of the molecule, or by combination on the side chains where substrates or prosthetic groups form the protein-substrate complex (structural inhibitors); (2) by combining with the prosthetic groups of enzymes (diphosphothiami ...
... essential for activity (for example, the - S H groups), through denaturation of the molecule, or by combination on the side chains where substrates or prosthetic groups form the protein-substrate complex (structural inhibitors); (2) by combining with the prosthetic groups of enzymes (diphosphothiami ...
Modelling malic acid accumulation in fruits: relationships
... form of its conjugated base together with cations like K+ (Peterlunger et al., 1990). Therefore, the acid form has to be synthesized within the fruit itself. Malate metabolism involves several pathways, distributed between the cytosol and the mitochondria of the cells. Synthesis takes place in the c ...
... form of its conjugated base together with cations like K+ (Peterlunger et al., 1990). Therefore, the acid form has to be synthesized within the fruit itself. Malate metabolism involves several pathways, distributed between the cytosol and the mitochondria of the cells. Synthesis takes place in the c ...
Amino Acid Sequences Evolution
... 4) If the amino acid sequences in the proteins of two organisms are similar, why will their DNA also be ...
... 4) If the amino acid sequences in the proteins of two organisms are similar, why will their DNA also be ...
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
... NAD+ is to accept two electrons and a proton (H+ equivalent) from a substrate undergoing metabolic oxidation to produce NADH, the reduced form of the coenzyme. The chemistry of the NAD+ molecule allows it to readily accept electrons to transfer to the electron transport chain where donation of the e ...
... NAD+ is to accept two electrons and a proton (H+ equivalent) from a substrate undergoing metabolic oxidation to produce NADH, the reduced form of the coenzyme. The chemistry of the NAD+ molecule allows it to readily accept electrons to transfer to the electron transport chain where donation of the e ...
6_Enzymes - WordPress.com
... possessing same optical activity i.e. D-amino acid oxidase acts on D-amino acid and ...
... possessing same optical activity i.e. D-amino acid oxidase acts on D-amino acid and ...
Characterization of the mineral phosphate solubilizing activity of
... weight organic acids mainly gluconic acid (GA), 2-ketogluconic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid, which via their hydroxyl and carboxyl groups chelate the cations bound to phosphate, or by the liberation of H+ protons, thereby converting it into soluble forms (Kpomblekou and Tabatabai 1994). The bes ...
... weight organic acids mainly gluconic acid (GA), 2-ketogluconic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid, which via their hydroxyl and carboxyl groups chelate the cations bound to phosphate, or by the liberation of H+ protons, thereby converting it into soluble forms (Kpomblekou and Tabatabai 1994). The bes ...
Extraction and distribution of free amino acids and
... and we suspect that this peak contained additional primary amines. Tryptophane is therefore not included in the results. Neither is ornithine and lysine, although they occurred in most samples, but their peaks were difftcult to quantify since they were present in low concentrations relative to other ...
... and we suspect that this peak contained additional primary amines. Tryptophane is therefore not included in the results. Neither is ornithine and lysine, although they occurred in most samples, but their peaks were difftcult to quantify since they were present in low concentrations relative to other ...
5-1 Necleotide Metabolism (purine)
... (the reutilization of bases from dietary or catabolic sources) ...
... (the reutilization of bases from dietary or catabolic sources) ...
Metabolism of Xenobiotics
... Sulfation often provides for high-affinity, low capacity catalysis and provides for efficient substrate conjugation at low substrate condensations. Sulfate is rate limiting component within cells. Total extent of sulfation in increased by including sulfate (or cysteine or methionine, which are degra ...
... Sulfation often provides for high-affinity, low capacity catalysis and provides for efficient substrate conjugation at low substrate condensations. Sulfate is rate limiting component within cells. Total extent of sulfation in increased by including sulfate (or cysteine or methionine, which are degra ...
Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization
... reactions of amino acids and is readily converted into many amino acids in swine [3]. Glutamate is an immediate precursor for glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue, and brain [17]. Dietary glutamate is catabolized almost completely in the small intestine of piglets to ...
... reactions of amino acids and is readily converted into many amino acids in swine [3]. Glutamate is an immediate precursor for glutamine synthesis in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue, and brain [17]. Dietary glutamate is catabolized almost completely in the small intestine of piglets to ...
Metabolism of Neoplastic Tissue XII. Effects of Glucose
... are shown in column 7. With increasing glucose concentration, this value increased from 0.90 to 1.25. These are in the same range as those reported by Kun et al. (24) from manometric data. The R.Q. of greater than 1 at the high glucose concen trations has been observed repeatedly. It suggests the ra ...
... are shown in column 7. With increasing glucose concentration, this value increased from 0.90 to 1.25. These are in the same range as those reported by Kun et al. (24) from manometric data. The R.Q. of greater than 1 at the high glucose concen trations has been observed repeatedly. It suggests the ra ...
Bean Brew - Science Case Network
... (forming the enzyme-substrate complex), the enzyme undergoes a conformational change, which brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction. When the reaction is complete, the resulting product molecules are released and the enzym ...
... (forming the enzyme-substrate complex), the enzyme undergoes a conformational change, which brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the chemical reaction. When the reaction is complete, the resulting product molecules are released and the enzym ...
Supporting Figures and Tables
... Determination of sodium hypochlorite concentration We found that fresh commercial solutions of NaOCl may be used by assuming the lower end of the manufacturer’s stated concentration. However, measurement of concentration appears to be essential for solutions more than six months after date of manufa ...
... Determination of sodium hypochlorite concentration We found that fresh commercial solutions of NaOCl may be used by assuming the lower end of the manufacturer’s stated concentration. However, measurement of concentration appears to be essential for solutions more than six months after date of manufa ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... harmful effects of the hazardous free radicals and oxidative stress. Researchers have shown that the antioxidants of plant origin with free radical scavenging properties function as therapeutic agents against diseases caused due to oxidative stress (Ramchoun et al., 2009). Atoui et al., 2005 reporte ...
... harmful effects of the hazardous free radicals and oxidative stress. Researchers have shown that the antioxidants of plant origin with free radical scavenging properties function as therapeutic agents against diseases caused due to oxidative stress (Ramchoun et al., 2009). Atoui et al., 2005 reporte ...
GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates
... cardiomyocytes, succinate increases rather than decreases cAMP, leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation, and suggesting that GPR91 coupling to Gs is also possible [15]. These distinct intracellular signaling pathways initiated by GPR91 activation indicate that succinate actions as a hormone can ...
... cardiomyocytes, succinate increases rather than decreases cAMP, leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation, and suggesting that GPR91 coupling to Gs is also possible [15]. These distinct intracellular signaling pathways initiated by GPR91 activation indicate that succinate actions as a hormone can ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis in Protozoan Parasites: Unusual Pathways and
... which a series of four reactions repeatedly add two carbons from malonyl-CoA to an acyl chain anchored to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). When the required acyl chain length is reached, a thioesterification reaction transfers the completed acyl chain from ACP to another receptor molecule (Fig. 3A). I ...
... which a series of four reactions repeatedly add two carbons from malonyl-CoA to an acyl chain anchored to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). When the required acyl chain length is reached, a thioesterification reaction transfers the completed acyl chain from ACP to another receptor molecule (Fig. 3A). I ...
LEU - TCAPS Moodle
... Biologists have perfected techniques for determining the sequence of amino acids in proteins. By comparing the amino acid sequences in homologous proteins of similar organisms and of diverse organisms, evolutionary relationships that might otherwise go undetected can be determined. Biologists believ ...
... Biologists have perfected techniques for determining the sequence of amino acids in proteins. By comparing the amino acid sequences in homologous proteins of similar organisms and of diverse organisms, evolutionary relationships that might otherwise go undetected can be determined. Biologists believ ...
lactic acid ENG.cdr
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
Document
... in the analysis of a wide variety of enantiomeric and diastereomeric guests. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the intercalation of chiral cationic host molecules into R-zirconium phosphate, a lamellar cation exchanger, provides a useful medium for batchwise resolution of racemic mixtures ...
... in the analysis of a wide variety of enantiomeric and diastereomeric guests. Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the intercalation of chiral cationic host molecules into R-zirconium phosphate, a lamellar cation exchanger, provides a useful medium for batchwise resolution of racemic mixtures ...
blood acid-base buffering - American Society of Exercise Physiologists
... exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO3-) buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood b ...
... exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO3-) buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood b ...
Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline
... exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO3-) buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood b ...
... exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO3-) buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood b ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.