Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... 1. Glycolysis means oxidation of glucose to give pyruvate (in the presence of oxygen) or lactate (in the absence of oxygen). ...
... 1. Glycolysis means oxidation of glucose to give pyruvate (in the presence of oxygen) or lactate (in the absence of oxygen). ...
Biology 1406 Quiz 2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) When biologists
... E) the need for cofactors. 39) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways ...
... E) the need for cofactors. 39) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? A) anabolic pathways B) catabolic pathways ...
Handout: Fatty Acid Synthesis
... 28.2 Elongation and Desaturation C16:0 to C18:n – C20:n Elongation occurs with enzymes on the cytosolic face of the ER membrane. This is done by elongases that use malonyl-CoA to add the 2-carbon subunits. Oxidase ...
... 28.2 Elongation and Desaturation C16:0 to C18:n – C20:n Elongation occurs with enzymes on the cytosolic face of the ER membrane. This is done by elongases that use malonyl-CoA to add the 2-carbon subunits. Oxidase ...
Bio 216 Exam 1 Name Date 1. The study of how disease or injury
... 59. What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called? A. infarction B. ischemia C. necrosis D. cramping 60. The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid. A. glucose B. acetyl CoA C. lactic acid D. alcohol 61. What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose l ...
... 59. What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called? A. infarction B. ischemia C. necrosis D. cramping 60. The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid. A. glucose B. acetyl CoA C. lactic acid D. alcohol 61. What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose l ...
You Light Up My Life
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • No mitochondria, so where does this take place? • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
... Lactate Fermentation • Carried out by certain bacteria • No mitochondria, so where does this take place? • Electron transfer chain is in bacterial plasma membrane • Final electron acceptor is compound from environment (such as nitrate), not oxygen • ATP yield is low ...
dehydration synthesis
... In the cytoplasm, a second kind of RNA, called transfer RNA, has a triplet of nucleotides called the anti-codon, on its closed end which is complementary to nucleotides of the messenger RNA codon. The tRNA also has an acceptor-codon on its closed end that bonds with a specific amino acid to be trans ...
... In the cytoplasm, a second kind of RNA, called transfer RNA, has a triplet of nucleotides called the anti-codon, on its closed end which is complementary to nucleotides of the messenger RNA codon. The tRNA also has an acceptor-codon on its closed end that bonds with a specific amino acid to be trans ...
Protein mteabolism
... of cells rich in these enzymes. e.g. ALT and AST are present in liver, so their elevation in blood indicate liver cell damage such as in hepatitis, toxic injury, cirrhosiss,…… ...
... of cells rich in these enzymes. e.g. ALT and AST are present in liver, so their elevation in blood indicate liver cell damage such as in hepatitis, toxic injury, cirrhosiss,…… ...
Higher Human Biology HW 3
... A. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have fewer mitochondria and greater blood supply than fast twitch muscle fibres. B. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have more mitochondria and lesser blood supply than fast twitch m ...
... A. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have fewer mitochondria and greater blood supply than fast twitch muscle fibres. B. Slow twitch muscle fibres are good for long distance running because they have more mitochondria and lesser blood supply than fast twitch m ...
Student Module_4
... • The chemical reactions that use these substances to make energy are called metabolism. • Two interrelated energy-producing systems: – Aerobic: requiring oxygen. – Anaerobic: not requiring oxygen • Inefficient; generates lactic acid that can be converted into an energy substrate. • The energy used ...
... • The chemical reactions that use these substances to make energy are called metabolism. • Two interrelated energy-producing systems: – Aerobic: requiring oxygen. – Anaerobic: not requiring oxygen • Inefficient; generates lactic acid that can be converted into an energy substrate. • The energy used ...
Slide 1
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and requires an adequate supply of oxygen – NADH and FADH2 and the inner membrane of the mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the re ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and requires an adequate supply of oxygen – NADH and FADH2 and the inner membrane of the mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the re ...
Bio 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration Lab INTRODUCTION
... endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that may be. The food we eat is first digested by enzymes as you learned in the previous lab. Once the polymers in your food (e.g., polysaccharides, triglycerides, protein) have been broken dow ...
... endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that may be. The food we eat is first digested by enzymes as you learned in the previous lab. Once the polymers in your food (e.g., polysaccharides, triglycerides, protein) have been broken dow ...
Cell Energy
... ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Molecule that delivers immediately available energy to run cellular processes (active transport, movement, mitosis, production of proteins etc.) • All other food/energy molecules (various lipids, carbs, proteins) are converted into ATP through enzyme machinery in cells/ ...
... ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • Molecule that delivers immediately available energy to run cellular processes (active transport, movement, mitosis, production of proteins etc.) • All other food/energy molecules (various lipids, carbs, proteins) are converted into ATP through enzyme machinery in cells/ ...
bch222 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... 17. Briefly explain four (4) regulatory mechanisms in metabolic integration. 18. Discuss the metabolic importance of specialized organs. 19. Diferentiate between catabolic and anabolic reactions giving examples of such pathways. 20. Is glycolysis a complete reversal of gluconoegenesis? Explain. 21. ...
... 17. Briefly explain four (4) regulatory mechanisms in metabolic integration. 18. Discuss the metabolic importance of specialized organs. 19. Diferentiate between catabolic and anabolic reactions giving examples of such pathways. 20. Is glycolysis a complete reversal of gluconoegenesis? Explain. 21. ...
aminoacids 2
... the resulting carbon skeletons. These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products:oxaloacetate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl CoA, and acetoacetate. ...
... the resulting carbon skeletons. These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products:oxaloacetate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl CoA, and acetoacetate. ...
Date ______ Mid-Term Review Name _______________ Chapter 1
... Use the diagram to the right to answer the following questions. 57. Label the following parts of the mitochondria: A: Cristae B: Matrix C: Inner Membrane Space 58. What two processes happen inside and on the edge of the area labeled B? Krebs cycle – in matrix, ETC on inner ...
... Use the diagram to the right to answer the following questions. 57. Label the following parts of the mitochondria: A: Cristae B: Matrix C: Inner Membrane Space 58. What two processes happen inside and on the edge of the area labeled B? Krebs cycle – in matrix, ETC on inner ...
Microbial physiology. Microbial metabolism. Enzymes. Nutrition
... The time required for a bacterium to give rise to 2 daughter cells under optimum ...
... The time required for a bacterium to give rise to 2 daughter cells under optimum ...
Bioenergetics: How energy is utilized in living organisms
... Energy put in to get going (phosphorylation) Enzymes needed throughout H+ ions pulled off substrate (oxidation) (picked up by NAD) o Good – have energy in them Bad – if can’t use them, they turn pyruvate into lactic acid Lactic acid lowers pH; effect on enzymes??? Small amount of ATP is formed but v ...
... Energy put in to get going (phosphorylation) Enzymes needed throughout H+ ions pulled off substrate (oxidation) (picked up by NAD) o Good – have energy in them Bad – if can’t use them, they turn pyruvate into lactic acid Lactic acid lowers pH; effect on enzymes??? Small amount of ATP is formed but v ...
Respiration ppt - mleonessciencepage
... prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • What is the main purpose of the Kreb’s Cycle? • How does the efficiency of aerobic respiration with anaerobic respiration ...
... prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • What is the main purpose of the Kreb’s Cycle? • How does the efficiency of aerobic respiration with anaerobic respiration ...
Allied Biochemistry II - E
... 2. The following are key gluconeogenic enzymes except (a) glucose-6-phosphatase (b) PEP carboxylase (c) pyruvate carboxylase (d) pyruvate kinase 3. The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is known as (a) gluconeogenesis (b) glycogenesis (c) glycogenolysis (d) glycolysis 4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (a) ...
... 2. The following are key gluconeogenic enzymes except (a) glucose-6-phosphatase (b) PEP carboxylase (c) pyruvate carboxylase (d) pyruvate kinase 3. The synthesis of glycogen from glucose is known as (a) gluconeogenesis (b) glycogenesis (c) glycogenolysis (d) glycolysis 4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (a) ...
Buffers - Philadelphia University
... reactants and products, so for weak acids, the tendency to give up its proton determines its buffering property ...
... reactants and products, so for weak acids, the tendency to give up its proton determines its buffering property ...
The Proton Motive Force
... participate in electron transport Accept electrons and protons but pass along electrons only The Proton Motive Force Electron transport system oriented in cytoplasmic membrane so that electrons are separated from protons The final carrier in the chain donates the electrons and protons to the termina ...
... participate in electron transport Accept electrons and protons but pass along electrons only The Proton Motive Force Electron transport system oriented in cytoplasmic membrane so that electrons are separated from protons The final carrier in the chain donates the electrons and protons to the termina ...
H + - WordPress.com
... Intermembrane Space A total of 10 -12 H+ are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix per 2 e- transferred from NADH to oxygen via the respiratory chain. ...
... Intermembrane Space A total of 10 -12 H+ are ejected from the mitochondrial matrix per 2 e- transferred from NADH to oxygen via the respiratory chain. ...
Lipid Metabolism: Power Point presentation
... Reducing agent is NADPH (corresponding oxidation reaction in fatty acid oxidation pathway uses FAD as the oxidizing agent) This cycle repeats using another malonyl–ACP and adding two more carbons. Fatty acid released after seven cycles. ...
... Reducing agent is NADPH (corresponding oxidation reaction in fatty acid oxidation pathway uses FAD as the oxidizing agent) This cycle repeats using another malonyl–ACP and adding two more carbons. Fatty acid released after seven cycles. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.