Muscle Metabolic Adaptation to Exercise
... They have low myoglobin content, few blood capillaries, few mitochondria and appear white in colour. They contain large amount of glycogen and generate ATP by glycolysis. FG fibers contract strongly and quickly because of their large size and their ability to hydrolyze ATP rapidly. FG fiber contract ...
... They have low myoglobin content, few blood capillaries, few mitochondria and appear white in colour. They contain large amount of glycogen and generate ATP by glycolysis. FG fibers contract strongly and quickly because of their large size and their ability to hydrolyze ATP rapidly. FG fiber contract ...
Heme- Fe 2+ (ferrous) - LSU School of Medicine
... Majority of amino acids used for de novo protein synthesis (80%) derives from the degradation of existing proteins ...
... Majority of amino acids used for de novo protein synthesis (80%) derives from the degradation of existing proteins ...
New Insight into the Role of the Calvin Cycle: Reutilization
... because they are biodegradable thermoplastics produced from renewable carbon sources. A number of studies has focused on the biosynthesis of PHAs by R. eutropha, particularly in terms of the biosynthetic pathways and enzymes, and on metabolic engineering aimed at efficient production of PHA copolyes ...
... because they are biodegradable thermoplastics produced from renewable carbon sources. A number of studies has focused on the biosynthesis of PHAs by R. eutropha, particularly in terms of the biosynthetic pathways and enzymes, and on metabolic engineering aimed at efficient production of PHA copolyes ...
Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism
... ii. Nitrate Assimilation - deals with anions NO3- and NO2iii. These processes are done by plants and microorganisms, NOT us. iv. In both cases, ammonium ions are formed which we can use to create amino acids VII. Which Metabolic Pathways Allow Organisms to Live on Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen? [S7] a ...
... ii. Nitrate Assimilation - deals with anions NO3- and NO2iii. These processes are done by plants and microorganisms, NOT us. iv. In both cases, ammonium ions are formed which we can use to create amino acids VII. Which Metabolic Pathways Allow Organisms to Live on Inorganic Forms of Nitrogen? [S7] a ...
Translation Activity - SeaWorld/Busch Gardens ANIMALS
... protein their group represents by observing the polymer of amino acids and correlating them to the specific protein they code for. This can be accomplished by utilizing the Protein table. Additionally, students should define the protein type they represent. I.E. How does the animal utilize that part ...
... protein their group represents by observing the polymer of amino acids and correlating them to the specific protein they code for. This can be accomplished by utilizing the Protein table. Additionally, students should define the protein type they represent. I.E. How does the animal utilize that part ...
the free amino acids in the sediments of toronto harbor
... in a Mason jar to which 500 ml of distilled water was added. The jar was capped and then shaken gently for 2 hr in a shaker; at this time the worms crawled out elf the sediment to the sides of the jar. The mixture was allowed to settle for about 30 min and the water layer was then centrifuged at 800 ...
... in a Mason jar to which 500 ml of distilled water was added. The jar was capped and then shaken gently for 2 hr in a shaker; at this time the worms crawled out elf the sediment to the sides of the jar. The mixture was allowed to settle for about 30 min and the water layer was then centrifuged at 800 ...
Enzyme Vs. Extremozyme -32
... Enzymes are biocatalytic protein molecules that enhance the rates of biological reactions by 106 to 1023 fold over the uncatalyzed reactions. A number of enzymes have been isolated from organisms for a variety of industrial processes and scientific research. Glucose isomerase, amylase, lipase and pr ...
... Enzymes are biocatalytic protein molecules that enhance the rates of biological reactions by 106 to 1023 fold over the uncatalyzed reactions. A number of enzymes have been isolated from organisms for a variety of industrial processes and scientific research. Glucose isomerase, amylase, lipase and pr ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
Practical part
... Principle. Enzymes exhibit selectivity to substrates, which is called substrate specificity. In many instances this property is the essential characteristic that renders enzymes markedly different from inorganic catalysts. The high specificity of enzymes is attributable to the conformational complem ...
... Principle. Enzymes exhibit selectivity to substrates, which is called substrate specificity. In many instances this property is the essential characteristic that renders enzymes markedly different from inorganic catalysts. The high specificity of enzymes is attributable to the conformational complem ...
video slide
... • Proteins do most of the work in cells and act as enzymes • Proteins are made of monomers called amino acids ...
... • Proteins do most of the work in cells and act as enzymes • Proteins are made of monomers called amino acids ...
File
... • Alanine with a methyl group is the next simplest. • Phenylalanine arises when a phenyl group replaces an H on alanine’s methyl group • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
... • Alanine with a methyl group is the next simplest. • Phenylalanine arises when a phenyl group replaces an H on alanine’s methyl group • Tyrosine evolves by adding an –OH group to the para position on the phenyl ring of phenylalanine ...
Hydrogen Peroxide-Dependent Conversion of
... resources normally used to synthesize milk to support the immune system. In turn, the acute increase in the concentration of lactate and malate in milk and the parallel reduction in lactose concentration are probably effective mean in restraining invading E Coli growth. ...
... resources normally used to synthesize milk to support the immune system. In turn, the acute increase in the concentration of lactate and malate in milk and the parallel reduction in lactose concentration are probably effective mean in restraining invading E Coli growth. ...
Enzyme Kinetics
... • But this occurs only upto a specific temperature which is known as Optimum temperature. • Beyond this temperature, the rate decreases sharply. This occurs as the enzyme is denatured and the catalytic activity is lost. • For most E, optimal temperature are at or slightly above those of the cell in ...
... • But this occurs only upto a specific temperature which is known as Optimum temperature. • Beyond this temperature, the rate decreases sharply. This occurs as the enzyme is denatured and the catalytic activity is lost. • For most E, optimal temperature are at or slightly above those of the cell in ...
1. First , calculate the amount of pyruvic acid ( µg )
... normal level) are usually due to acute hepatitis, often due to a virus infection. In acute hepatitis, ALT levels usually stay high for about 1–2 months, but can take as long as 3–6 months to come back to normal. ALT levels are usually not as high in chronic hepatitis, often less than 4 times the hig ...
... normal level) are usually due to acute hepatitis, often due to a virus infection. In acute hepatitis, ALT levels usually stay high for about 1–2 months, but can take as long as 3–6 months to come back to normal. ALT levels are usually not as high in chronic hepatitis, often less than 4 times the hig ...
The Copper Cycle
... V. Reducing Cu2+ ions with Zinc Metal In Part V, zinc metal (Zn) is added to the copper solution to convert the copper ions back to copper metal, Cu(s). The resulting solution will contain colorless zinc ions, Zn2+(aq) and copper solid. Visible evidence of this reaction is observed as bubbles of gas ...
... V. Reducing Cu2+ ions with Zinc Metal In Part V, zinc metal (Zn) is added to the copper solution to convert the copper ions back to copper metal, Cu(s). The resulting solution will contain colorless zinc ions, Zn2+(aq) and copper solid. Visible evidence of this reaction is observed as bubbles of gas ...
High-Temperature L-Lactic Acid Fermentation of Food
... scattered municipal food waste. In addition, sterization sometimes break down substrate sugars and other nutritional elements for lactic acid bacteria. Kitchen refuse contain various components including insoluble polysaccharides, therefore, it is difficult for filter sterilization. Nonsterilizing f ...
... scattered municipal food waste. In addition, sterization sometimes break down substrate sugars and other nutritional elements for lactic acid bacteria. Kitchen refuse contain various components including insoluble polysaccharides, therefore, it is difficult for filter sterilization. Nonsterilizing f ...
Essential amino acids - Feed-to-Food
... derivatizing reagent developed specifically for amino acid analysis. • With pelleting, increasing die hole length increases pellet residence time in the die, • Waters AccQ·Fluor Reagent (6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, or AQC) is an Nresulting in improved pellet durability although ...
... derivatizing reagent developed specifically for amino acid analysis. • With pelleting, increasing die hole length increases pellet residence time in the die, • Waters AccQ·Fluor Reagent (6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, or AQC) is an Nresulting in improved pellet durability although ...
acids and bases
... Exercise: Why are HCN, CO, H2S, H2Se, and PH3 poisons? 4) Ligand selections in metalloproteins and enzymes. Ions of many of the 3d transition metals are essential for life in trace amounts. A number of proteins and enzymes incorporate these metal ions specifically into their structures, forming addu ...
... Exercise: Why are HCN, CO, H2S, H2Se, and PH3 poisons? 4) Ligand selections in metalloproteins and enzymes. Ions of many of the 3d transition metals are essential for life in trace amounts. A number of proteins and enzymes incorporate these metal ions specifically into their structures, forming addu ...
Why a need for Systems Biology
... - Systems biology offers the chance to predict the outcome of complex processes and it decreases the number of experiments (experimental planninig). - To take into account principles of robustness might provide some guidelines for how we model and analyse model complexity. -To conduct systems biolog ...
... - Systems biology offers the chance to predict the outcome of complex processes and it decreases the number of experiments (experimental planninig). - To take into account principles of robustness might provide some guidelines for how we model and analyse model complexity. -To conduct systems biolog ...
Making Proteins
... What is the difference between the sense and antisense DNA strands? 5. What is the role of RNA polymerase? 6. Describe the initiation step in transcription. 7. What are the “extra” things that happens to the mRNA in eukaryotic cells BEFORE it leaves the nucleus? ...
... What is the difference between the sense and antisense DNA strands? 5. What is the role of RNA polymerase? 6. Describe the initiation step in transcription. 7. What are the “extra” things that happens to the mRNA in eukaryotic cells BEFORE it leaves the nucleus? ...
Amino Acids - UniMAP Portal
... Therefore can form ionic bonds with acidic amino acids. Lys contain amine R group which accepts a proton from water to form conjugate acid (-NH3+) His is a weak base because it partially ionized at pH 7. His act as buffer. Important role in catalytic activity of enzymes. ...
... Therefore can form ionic bonds with acidic amino acids. Lys contain amine R group which accepts a proton from water to form conjugate acid (-NH3+) His is a weak base because it partially ionized at pH 7. His act as buffer. Important role in catalytic activity of enzymes. ...
Lipotoxicity in steatohepatitis occurs despite an increase in
... cycle. Mice (C57/BL6) were fed a high-trans-fat high-fructose diet (TFD) for 8 wk to induce simple steatosis and NASH by 24 wk. In vivo fasting hepatic mitochondrial fluxes were determined by 13Cnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based isotopomer analysis. Hepatic metabolic intermediates were quantifi ...
... cycle. Mice (C57/BL6) were fed a high-trans-fat high-fructose diet (TFD) for 8 wk to induce simple steatosis and NASH by 24 wk. In vivo fasting hepatic mitochondrial fluxes were determined by 13Cnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based isotopomer analysis. Hepatic metabolic intermediates were quantifi ...
Feb 24 exam all parts
... Presence of acetyl CoA represents capacity to make ATP via TCA cycle Presence of acetyl CoA suggest sources other than glycolysis (e.g. β-oxidation) are providing it Therefore glucolysis should be stopped to conserve glucose Glucose-6-phosphate is a negative regulator of glycogen phosphorylase becau ...
... Presence of acetyl CoA represents capacity to make ATP via TCA cycle Presence of acetyl CoA suggest sources other than glycolysis (e.g. β-oxidation) are providing it Therefore glucolysis should be stopped to conserve glucose Glucose-6-phosphate is a negative regulator of glycogen phosphorylase becau ...
Allicin, a naturally occurring antibiotic from garlic, specifically inhibits
... chloroplasts, was not inhibited by allicin. Since allicin affects a broad spectrum of organisms [ 1,2], we decided to test the acetyl-CoA synthetases from other phylogenetic groups. By using the commercially available yeast enzyme and a crude enzyme fraction from bovine heart, we were also able to d ...
... chloroplasts, was not inhibited by allicin. Since allicin affects a broad spectrum of organisms [ 1,2], we decided to test the acetyl-CoA synthetases from other phylogenetic groups. By using the commercially available yeast enzyme and a crude enzyme fraction from bovine heart, we were also able to d ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.