Allicin, a naturally occurring antibiotic from garlic, specifically inhibits
... chloroplasts, was not inhibited by allicin. Since allicin affects a broad spectrum of organisms [ 1,2], we decided to test the acetyl-CoA synthetases from other phylogenetic groups. By using the commercially available yeast enzyme and a crude enzyme fraction from bovine heart, we were also able to d ...
... chloroplasts, was not inhibited by allicin. Since allicin affects a broad spectrum of organisms [ 1,2], we decided to test the acetyl-CoA synthetases from other phylogenetic groups. By using the commercially available yeast enzyme and a crude enzyme fraction from bovine heart, we were also able to d ...
Tyrocidine Biosynthesis by Three Complementary Fractions from
... by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A light (mol wt 100,000) and an intermediate component (mol wt 230,000) activate phenylalanine and proline, respectively. A heavy fraction (mol wt 460,000) activates the remaining tyrocidine constituent amino acids, includihg phenylalanine. As found in gramicidin S ...
... by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. A light (mol wt 100,000) and an intermediate component (mol wt 230,000) activate phenylalanine and proline, respectively. A heavy fraction (mol wt 460,000) activates the remaining tyrocidine constituent amino acids, includihg phenylalanine. As found in gramicidin S ...
6-Respiratory_chain
... Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase couples hydrogen transfer with proton transport ...
... Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase couples hydrogen transfer with proton transport ...
Fermentation of sugars and fermentative enzymes
... existence has been proved or substantiated has risen to over 100. A study of the kinetics of the enzyme reactions confirmed Berzelius’ brilliant intuition to the effect that in respect of their activity the enzymes are analogous with the other, non-enzymatic catalysts. For example, we can split sucr ...
... existence has been proved or substantiated has risen to over 100. A study of the kinetics of the enzyme reactions confirmed Berzelius’ brilliant intuition to the effect that in respect of their activity the enzymes are analogous with the other, non-enzymatic catalysts. For example, we can split sucr ...
OVERVIEW OF LIPID METABOLISM
... 1) Glycogen breakdown provides glucose and protein breakdown provides alanine, which is converted to glucose in the liver. The blood glucose is used by the brain and red blood cells. Most other tissues, including resting muscle, are relying primarily on fatty acids as an energy source. Exercising mu ...
... 1) Glycogen breakdown provides glucose and protein breakdown provides alanine, which is converted to glucose in the liver. The blood glucose is used by the brain and red blood cells. Most other tissues, including resting muscle, are relying primarily on fatty acids as an energy source. Exercising mu ...
Chap 70 - The Liver As An Organ
... c. skeletal muscle does not have G-6-Phosphatase d. skeletal muscle does not release glucose into the blood ...
... c. skeletal muscle does not have G-6-Phosphatase d. skeletal muscle does not release glucose into the blood ...
File - Wk 1-2
... Insulin promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids: insulin increases the transport of glucose into liver cells after the liver glucose concentration reaches 5-6%, glycogen synthesis is inhibited and all additional glucose entering the liver is available to form fat ↑ pyruvate ...
... Insulin promotes the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids: insulin increases the transport of glucose into liver cells after the liver glucose concentration reaches 5-6%, glycogen synthesis is inhibited and all additional glucose entering the liver is available to form fat ↑ pyruvate ...
Glycolysis - WordPress.com
... on how efficiently oxygen can be delivered to, and processed by, your muscles. A continuous supply of oxygen allows you to maintain a reduced intensity level for a long period of time. If you are able to extend an exercise activity beyond approximately two minutes in length it will be due to the fac ...
... on how efficiently oxygen can be delivered to, and processed by, your muscles. A continuous supply of oxygen allows you to maintain a reduced intensity level for a long period of time. If you are able to extend an exercise activity beyond approximately two minutes in length it will be due to the fac ...
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP
... used when excess sugar is eaten. In this case sugar goes to 3 C, which then gets converted into fat. The body, in addition, has an aerobic system. This power system resides in the mitochondria, and metabolic pathways in the mitochondria produce CO2 and H2O when the fuel reacts with O2. This power sy ...
... used when excess sugar is eaten. In this case sugar goes to 3 C, which then gets converted into fat. The body, in addition, has an aerobic system. This power system resides in the mitochondria, and metabolic pathways in the mitochondria produce CO2 and H2O when the fuel reacts with O2. This power sy ...
Amino Acids - Portal UniMAP
... Therefore can form ionic bonds with acidic amino acids. Lys contain amine R group which accepts a proton from water to form conjugate acid (-NH3+) His is a weak base because it partially ionized at pH 7. His act as buffer. Important role in catalytic activity of enzymes. ...
... Therefore can form ionic bonds with acidic amino acids. Lys contain amine R group which accepts a proton from water to form conjugate acid (-NH3+) His is a weak base because it partially ionized at pH 7. His act as buffer. Important role in catalytic activity of enzymes. ...
1 Enzymes: The Biological Catalysts Definition: Enzymes are
... Enzymes are effective and highly specific catalysts: 1. Enzymes catalyze the conversion of one or more compounds called substrates into one or more compounds called products. 2. Enzymes accelerate (speed up) the rate of reaction by a factor of at least 106 . 3. Like all catalysts, enzymes are neithe ...
... Enzymes are effective and highly specific catalysts: 1. Enzymes catalyze the conversion of one or more compounds called substrates into one or more compounds called products. 2. Enzymes accelerate (speed up) the rate of reaction by a factor of at least 106 . 3. Like all catalysts, enzymes are neithe ...
FATTY ACID CATABOLISM
... is a central energy-yielding pathway in many organisms and tissues. In mammalian heart and liver, for example, it provides as much as 80% of the energetic needs under all physiological circumstances. The electrons removed from fatty acids during oxidation pass through the respiratory chain, driving ...
... is a central energy-yielding pathway in many organisms and tissues. In mammalian heart and liver, for example, it provides as much as 80% of the energetic needs under all physiological circumstances. The electrons removed from fatty acids during oxidation pass through the respiratory chain, driving ...
Chapter 4 - Dr. Dorena Rode
... In the last chapter we learned about the amino acid composition and the structure of proteins. We also studied the process by which proteins are synthesized from information coded in the genes of the chromosomes. Perhaps the most important group of body proteins is that of enzymes — the subject of t ...
... In the last chapter we learned about the amino acid composition and the structure of proteins. We also studied the process by which proteins are synthesized from information coded in the genes of the chromosomes. Perhaps the most important group of body proteins is that of enzymes — the subject of t ...
B. True or False/Edit
... In the last chapter we learned about the amino acid composition and the structure of proteins. We also studied the process by which proteins are synthesized from information coded in the genes of the chromosomes. Perhaps the most important group of body proteins is that of enzymes — the subject of t ...
... In the last chapter we learned about the amino acid composition and the structure of proteins. We also studied the process by which proteins are synthesized from information coded in the genes of the chromosomes. Perhaps the most important group of body proteins is that of enzymes — the subject of t ...
TCA Cycle Defects and Cancer: When Metabolism Tunes Redox State
... The finding that many tumors arousing from mutations in both SDH and FH genes are characterized by hypoxic features has suggested that the activation of the hypoxiainducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) could play a supportive role in the tumorigenic processes induced by TCA cycle dysfunctions. ...
... The finding that many tumors arousing from mutations in both SDH and FH genes are characterized by hypoxic features has suggested that the activation of the hypoxiainducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) could play a supportive role in the tumorigenic processes induced by TCA cycle dysfunctions. ...
CNM
... Fill in the gaps Cellulose is structural material of ……………………. It is a …………………… polymer. Human don’t have the …………… required to break these beta (1,4) glycosidic bonds, so cellulose is not digestible by humans and is often referred to as ……………. ………….. Some animals, particularly ………………. and …………………., ...
... Fill in the gaps Cellulose is structural material of ……………………. It is a …………………… polymer. Human don’t have the …………… required to break these beta (1,4) glycosidic bonds, so cellulose is not digestible by humans and is often referred to as ……………. ………….. Some animals, particularly ………………. and …………………., ...
Nutritional Biochemistry
... earlier. It also dissociates (separates) into its hydrogen ions. Positively-charged hydrogen ions, called protons, have dramatic effects on other molecules. Molecules that release protons (H+) are acids. However, water is not considered an acid since it releases equal portions of protons (H+) and ne ...
... earlier. It also dissociates (separates) into its hydrogen ions. Positively-charged hydrogen ions, called protons, have dramatic effects on other molecules. Molecules that release protons (H+) are acids. However, water is not considered an acid since it releases equal portions of protons (H+) and ne ...
Patterns of nucleotide and amino acid substitution
... are those at which any of the four nucleotides can be present in a codon for a single amino acid. In some cases there is redundancy in the first codon position, e.g, both AGA and CGA are codons for arginine. Thus, many nucleotide substitutions at third positions do not lead to amino acid substitutio ...
... are those at which any of the four nucleotides can be present in a codon for a single amino acid. In some cases there is redundancy in the first codon position, e.g, both AGA and CGA are codons for arginine. Thus, many nucleotide substitutions at third positions do not lead to amino acid substitutio ...
Metabolism
... Phosphorylation – the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule The recipient molecule is phosphorylated AP Biology ...
... Phosphorylation – the energy from the hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule The recipient molecule is phosphorylated AP Biology ...
An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy
... respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: • Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. • Roles in cell structure and locomotion. • Cell signaling. ...
... respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: • Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. • Roles in cell structure and locomotion. • Cell signaling. ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.