Chapter 56(Conservation Biology)
... • Restoration ecology seeks to initiate or speed up the recovery of degraded ecosystems • A basic assumption of restoration ecology is that most environmental damage is reversible • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Restoration ecology seeks to initiate or speed up the recovery of degraded ecosystems • A basic assumption of restoration ecology is that most environmental damage is reversible • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Hypotheses of invasion: enemy release and biodiversity
... 3) What makes a species invasive? g) Escape from biotic constraints hypothesis “Escape from enemy” hypothesis “Enemy release” hypothesis Basic concepts: • Species in their native range are suppressed by natural enemies • Alien species immigrate without enemies • Aliens lack biotic constraints • How ...
... 3) What makes a species invasive? g) Escape from biotic constraints hypothesis “Escape from enemy” hypothesis “Enemy release” hypothesis Basic concepts: • Species in their native range are suppressed by natural enemies • Alien species immigrate without enemies • Aliens lack biotic constraints • How ...
The Role of Hybrid Vigor in the Replacement of
... variegatus displayed greater swimming endurance than purebred C. pecosensis. In addition, F1 hybrids and C. variegatus grew more rapidly than C. pecosensis. The ecological superiority of hybrids probably promoted their rapid spread through and beyond the historic range of C. pecosensis. These result ...
... variegatus displayed greater swimming endurance than purebred C. pecosensis. In addition, F1 hybrids and C. variegatus grew more rapidly than C. pecosensis. The ecological superiority of hybrids probably promoted their rapid spread through and beyond the historic range of C. pecosensis. These result ...
30 years of the endangered species act
... HISTORY OF ENDANGERMENT The black-footed ferret’s fate is inextricably linked with that of its primary food source and habitat provider, the prairie dog. Prairie dogs provide 90 percent of the ferret’s diet, and ferrets cannot survive in the wild outside of prairie dog colonies. Mistakenly thought t ...
... HISTORY OF ENDANGERMENT The black-footed ferret’s fate is inextricably linked with that of its primary food source and habitat provider, the prairie dog. Prairie dogs provide 90 percent of the ferret’s diet, and ferrets cannot survive in the wild outside of prairie dog colonies. Mistakenly thought t ...
English
... multiple scales is great, to safeguard biodiversity but also to protect and improve human well-being. The need for Essential Biodiversity Variables Tracking biodiversity change is not as simple as, for instance, measuring rainfall or temperature. A ‘change in biodiversity’ could involve extinction, ...
... multiple scales is great, to safeguard biodiversity but also to protect and improve human well-being. The need for Essential Biodiversity Variables Tracking biodiversity change is not as simple as, for instance, measuring rainfall or temperature. A ‘change in biodiversity’ could involve extinction, ...
Definitions of Biodiversity and Measures of Its Value
... the continuing presence of wild species in a park area. The diversity he enjoys might be changed by a species reintroduction program, such as the controversial reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Note that in this case also, the presence of some population of one species will af ...
... the continuing presence of wild species in a park area. The diversity he enjoys might be changed by a species reintroduction program, such as the controversial reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park. Note that in this case also, the presence of some population of one species will af ...
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical
... Abstract: The loss and fragmentation of forest habitats by human land use are recognised as important factors influencing the decline of forest-dependent fauna. Mammal species that are dependent upon forest habitats are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have highl ...
... Abstract: The loss and fragmentation of forest habitats by human land use are recognised as important factors influencing the decline of forest-dependent fauna. Mammal species that are dependent upon forest habitats are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have highl ...
review - Jordi Bascompte
... of one competitor on another depends on the population density of a third, fourth or fifth (or potentially an even greater number of) species (Fig. 1c). These interactions are analogous to the trait-mediated indirect interactions described in the trophic literature, in which higher-order interaction ...
... of one competitor on another depends on the population density of a third, fourth or fifth (or potentially an even greater number of) species (Fig. 1c). These interactions are analogous to the trait-mediated indirect interactions described in the trophic literature, in which higher-order interaction ...
The diversity–stability debate
... fairly regular waxing and waning of a population’s density). Such background population variability, whether driven by biotic or abiotic processes, can provide species with the opportunity to respond differentially to their environment. In turn, these differential species responses weaken the destru ...
... fairly regular waxing and waning of a population’s density). Such background population variability, whether driven by biotic or abiotic processes, can provide species with the opportunity to respond differentially to their environment. In turn, these differential species responses weaken the destru ...
Colonization in metapopulations: a review of
... The Richter-Dyn/Goel model is quite similar to the MacArthur/Wilson model, but has a logistic density dependence. The predictions from this model are also similar, including the existence of a critical population size, above which extinction is highly improbable. This critical population size is the ...
... The Richter-Dyn/Goel model is quite similar to the MacArthur/Wilson model, but has a logistic density dependence. The predictions from this model are also similar, including the existence of a critical population size, above which extinction is highly improbable. This critical population size is the ...
Species Coexistence and Pathogens with
... where N1 is the total population size of host species 1, I1 is the number of infected (and also infectious) hosts, and S 1 p N1 ⫺ I1 is the number of susceptible hosts in the population. The growth rate of species 1 is determined by the intrinsic growth rate r1 p a 1 ⫺ d 1, where a1 is the birth rat ...
... where N1 is the total population size of host species 1, I1 is the number of infected (and also infectious) hosts, and S 1 p N1 ⫺ I1 is the number of susceptible hosts in the population. The growth rate of species 1 is determined by the intrinsic growth rate r1 p a 1 ⫺ d 1, where a1 is the birth rat ...
Separating the influence of resource `availability` from resource
... conceived to be the summed availability of all resources that might limit species population sizes. SET is perhaps the most widely cited explanation of why species richness tends to increase with increasing productivity of an ecosystem (Fig. 1a). It has been used to explain both monotonically incr ...
... conceived to be the summed availability of all resources that might limit species population sizes. SET is perhaps the most widely cited explanation of why species richness tends to increase with increasing productivity of an ecosystem (Fig. 1a). It has been used to explain both monotonically incr ...
New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science
... higher Allee threshold created at a new level (open circle) that exceeds the current population density. Both strategies result in population extinction. ...
... higher Allee threshold created at a new level (open circle) that exceeds the current population density. Both strategies result in population extinction. ...
Review of the NSW Threatened Species Priorities Action Statement
... Through the PAS, NSW has become one of the first jurisdictions in the world to formally document the management requirements of its threatened species, populations and communities. This represents an important first step in the very large and complex task of recovering more than 1,000 threatened spe ...
... Through the PAS, NSW has become one of the first jurisdictions in the world to formally document the management requirements of its threatened species, populations and communities. This represents an important first step in the very large and complex task of recovering more than 1,000 threatened spe ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Processes of ecometric patterning: modelling functional traits
... We refer to the geography of functional traits as ecometric patterning and we refer to the spatial correlation between the ecometric pattern and its associated environmental factor as ecometric correlation (Eronen et al., 2010a; Polly et al., 2011). The stronger the ecometric correlation, the more t ...
... We refer to the geography of functional traits as ecometric patterning and we refer to the spatial correlation between the ecometric pattern and its associated environmental factor as ecometric correlation (Eronen et al., 2010a; Polly et al., 2011). The stronger the ecometric correlation, the more t ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... In both the marine and the nonmarine realms, “paleocommunity” has come to mean a group of taxa that form a recurring, recognizable assemblage of organisms. Criteria for defining the boundaries of biofacies or paleocommunities vary greatly. One of the most stringent definitions is that of Bambach & B ...
... In both the marine and the nonmarine realms, “paleocommunity” has come to mean a group of taxa that form a recurring, recognizable assemblage of organisms. Criteria for defining the boundaries of biofacies or paleocommunities vary greatly. One of the most stringent definitions is that of Bambach & B ...
ASSEMBLAGES: Evidence from the Fossil Record
... In both the marine and the nonmarine realms, “paleocommunity” has come to mean a group of taxa that form a recurring, recognizable assemblage of organisms. Criteria for defining the boundaries of biofacies or paleocommunities vary greatly. One of the most stringent definitions is that of Bambach & B ...
... In both the marine and the nonmarine realms, “paleocommunity” has come to mean a group of taxa that form a recurring, recognizable assemblage of organisms. Criteria for defining the boundaries of biofacies or paleocommunities vary greatly. One of the most stringent definitions is that of Bambach & B ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... 1.1. Microevolution and Population Dynamics Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occu ...
... 1.1. Microevolution and Population Dynamics Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occu ...
CGRFA/WG-FGR-2/13/5 Targets and Indicators for forest genetic resources
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic goal C deals with the c ...
... The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 identifies twenty targets, referred to as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, organized under five strategic goals. Strategic goals A and B address the underlying causes and direct pressures causing the loss of biodiversity. Strategic goal C deals with the c ...
Conservation Systematics: The Bufo boreas Species Group
... The Linnaean system (Linnaeus, 1737, and described in the codes of nomenclature: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999; International Botanical Congress, 2000; International Association of Microbiological Societies, 1992) applies specific ranks to all lineages (e.g., class, order ...
... The Linnaean system (Linnaeus, 1737, and described in the codes of nomenclature: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999; International Botanical Congress, 2000; International Association of Microbiological Societies, 1992) applies specific ranks to all lineages (e.g., class, order ...
Environmental Science Chapter 10 Notes N1
... 30. The Florida panther is a(n) ______________________________ as a result of habitat destruction. 31. Honeycreepers found in the Hawaiian Islands are an example of a(n) _________________________. 32. The application of biological sciences to create products such as drugs from plants or other organi ...
... 30. The Florida panther is a(n) ______________________________ as a result of habitat destruction. 31. Honeycreepers found in the Hawaiian Islands are an example of a(n) _________________________. 32. The application of biological sciences to create products such as drugs from plants or other organi ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.