Comparing impacts of invasive plants and animals using a
... decrease in species richness or diversity). Major small-scale destruction of the vegetation, decrease of species of concern. Major large-scale destruction of the vegetation, threat to species of concern, including local extinctions. ...
... decrease in species richness or diversity). Major small-scale destruction of the vegetation, decrease of species of concern. Major large-scale destruction of the vegetation, threat to species of concern, including local extinctions. ...
What is Biodiversity
... Life on earth plays a critical role in regulating the earth's physical, chemical, and geological properties, from inuencing the chemical composition of the atmosphere to modifying climate. About 3.5 billion years ago, early life forms (principally cyanobacteria) helped create an oxygenated atmosphe ...
... Life on earth plays a critical role in regulating the earth's physical, chemical, and geological properties, from inuencing the chemical composition of the atmosphere to modifying climate. About 3.5 billion years ago, early life forms (principally cyanobacteria) helped create an oxygenated atmosphe ...
Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?
... produces suitable breeding habitat for the mosquitoes [23]. Furthermore, more than 100 species of frog have gone extinct in the past ten years probably as a result of the interaction between climate change, anthropogenic factors and a chytrid fungal pathogen [24]; this gives cause for concern about ...
... produces suitable breeding habitat for the mosquitoes [23]. Furthermore, more than 100 species of frog have gone extinct in the past ten years probably as a result of the interaction between climate change, anthropogenic factors and a chytrid fungal pathogen [24]; this gives cause for concern about ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... importance of intra- vs. interspecific interactions. Our ability to predict the competition consequences of altered evenness patterns depends on our ability to estimate the relative strengths of these interactions. Beyond simple competitive interactions, altered dominance can have other, community-w ...
... importance of intra- vs. interspecific interactions. Our ability to predict the competition consequences of altered evenness patterns depends on our ability to estimate the relative strengths of these interactions. Beyond simple competitive interactions, altered dominance can have other, community-w ...
THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES Ann K. Sakai
... Characteristics common to successful colonists across taxa include r-selected life histories (use of pioneer habit, short generation time, high fecundity, and high growth rates) and the ability to shift between r- and K-selected strategies, but like Baker’s characteristics of the ideal weed, many of ...
... Characteristics common to successful colonists across taxa include r-selected life histories (use of pioneer habit, short generation time, high fecundity, and high growth rates) and the ability to shift between r- and K-selected strategies, but like Baker’s characteristics of the ideal weed, many of ...
Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reef
... definition of functional group based on the combination of trophic, size and depth variables. We simulated communities by randomly drawing functional groups from the full list of naturally occurring groups (N = 256), with replacement, for as many times as there are species in each of the Atlantic co ...
... definition of functional group based on the combination of trophic, size and depth variables. We simulated communities by randomly drawing functional groups from the full list of naturally occurring groups (N = 256), with replacement, for as many times as there are species in each of the Atlantic co ...
Chapter 10 - Lakeland Regional High School
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
... Coral Reefs and Coastal Ecosystem • Reefs provide millions of people with food, tourism revenue, coastal protection, and sources of new chemicals, but are poorly studied and not as well protected by laws as terrestrial areas are. • Nearly 60 percent of Earth’s coral reefs are threatened by human act ...
PDF, 787 KB
... Emergence: Traditionally protected area management has focused on within site management in order to ensure protection of the biota. However, evidence from ecological theory and practice suggests that the structure and quality of the surrounding matrix is as important as the protected area itself ...
... Emergence: Traditionally protected area management has focused on within site management in order to ensure protection of the biota. However, evidence from ecological theory and practice suggests that the structure and quality of the surrounding matrix is as important as the protected area itself ...
Laurance 2008 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of Central
... some key conceptual advances linked to IBT, including those from the many investigations it helped to spawn, as well as from the original theory itself. Perhaps more than anything, IBT opened people’s eyes to the importance of vastness for nature conservation (see also Preston, 1960). Big reserves c ...
... some key conceptual advances linked to IBT, including those from the many investigations it helped to spawn, as well as from the original theory itself. Perhaps more than anything, IBT opened people’s eyes to the importance of vastness for nature conservation (see also Preston, 1960). Big reserves c ...
Niche and fitness differences relate the maintenance of diversity to
... knowledge of each is required to understand the maintenance of species diversity (Chesson 2000). A case in point is the nearly identical figure published by MacArthur and Levins (1967: Fig. 2), May (1974: Fig. 6), and Chesson (1990: Fig. 2), which shows that the region in one model’s parameter space ...
... knowledge of each is required to understand the maintenance of species diversity (Chesson 2000). A case in point is the nearly identical figure published by MacArthur and Levins (1967: Fig. 2), May (1974: Fig. 6), and Chesson (1990: Fig. 2), which shows that the region in one model’s parameter space ...
Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on
... Driver: A variable that is causally linked, through direct or indirect pathways, to a measured change in a response variable. Interaction chain: A term used in an analogous manner to indirect interaction chain effects in food-web ecology. It describes a chain of direct linkages between the effects o ...
... Driver: A variable that is causally linked, through direct or indirect pathways, to a measured change in a response variable. Interaction chain: A term used in an analogous manner to indirect interaction chain effects in food-web ecology. It describes a chain of direct linkages between the effects o ...
The effect of habitat heterogeneity on species diversity patterns: a
... between a species’ niche space and the patch’s habitat space); and (3) demographic stochasticity (inverse populationsize dependent residuals from deterministic birth and death rates). The global-scale processes of the model include fitness-optimizing migration and catastrophic stochasticity (disturb ...
... between a species’ niche space and the patch’s habitat space); and (3) demographic stochasticity (inverse populationsize dependent residuals from deterministic birth and death rates). The global-scale processes of the model include fitness-optimizing migration and catastrophic stochasticity (disturb ...
Hui y McGeoch 2006
... do not consider underlying genetics and simply postulate that a new species with a certain number of individuals emerges with a certain probability out of the ancestral species. However, excluding processes such as polyploidy and major chromosomal changes, speciation does not occur instantaneously ( ...
... do not consider underlying genetics and simply postulate that a new species with a certain number of individuals emerges with a certain probability out of the ancestral species. However, excluding processes such as polyploidy and major chromosomal changes, speciation does not occur instantaneously ( ...
conceptual synthesis in community ecology
... same problem as community ecology – understanding the composition and diversity of alleles in populations – is an easier subject to grasp, and I submit that the reason is not because of any fundamental difference in the complexity of the subject matter, but because of the coherence and simplicity of ...
... same problem as community ecology – understanding the composition and diversity of alleles in populations – is an easier subject to grasp, and I submit that the reason is not because of any fundamental difference in the complexity of the subject matter, but because of the coherence and simplicity of ...
Pleistocene Rewilding - UNM Biology
... focus for the subsequent section discussing costs, challenges, and objections. Finally, we describe several possible implementation scenarios. Our broad purpose here is to inform further widespread discussion of this topic. Ecological Arguments for Pleistocene Rewilding For the past 200 million year ...
... focus for the subsequent section discussing costs, challenges, and objections. Finally, we describe several possible implementation scenarios. Our broad purpose here is to inform further widespread discussion of this topic. Ecological Arguments for Pleistocene Rewilding For the past 200 million year ...
CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
... absence of data on patterns of genetic variation in natural populations—the very subject matter of the discipline (Provine 1971). Perhaps for this reason, at least in part, a theoretical foundation was built to describe a logically complete range of the basic possible processes that could cause evol ...
... absence of data on patterns of genetic variation in natural populations—the very subject matter of the discipline (Provine 1971). Perhaps for this reason, at least in part, a theoretical foundation was built to describe a logically complete range of the basic possible processes that could cause evol ...
Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity
... species can in theory change, and changes have already been observed, along three distinct but non-exclusive axes (Fig. 2): spatial, temporal or self. The first two axes correspond to easily observable and well documented responses to global warming (Parmesan 2006). ÔSelfÕ corresponds to less visibl ...
... species can in theory change, and changes have already been observed, along three distinct but non-exclusive axes (Fig. 2): spatial, temporal or self. The first two axes correspond to easily observable and well documented responses to global warming (Parmesan 2006). ÔSelfÕ corresponds to less visibl ...
Grades K-2 Biodiversity 1. What is a group of organisms that can
... grasses, forbs and small shrubs, what was probably there before the mall? ...
... grasses, forbs and small shrubs, what was probably there before the mall? ...
The Population Biology of Invasive Species Ann K. Sakai
... occur through drift or selection. In the following sections, we discuss factors related to these stages and identify areas for further exploration. Introduction of exotic species. Most long-distance introductions of non-native species to new areas are the direct or indirect result of human activitie ...
... occur through drift or selection. In the following sections, we discuss factors related to these stages and identify areas for further exploration. Introduction of exotic species. Most long-distance introductions of non-native species to new areas are the direct or indirect result of human activitie ...
Evolution in metacommunities - Philosophical Transactions of the
... (single-species propagule pool), or they may consist of multi-species assemblages (multi-species propagule pools; figure 1). As with the single-species migration structure, the pattern of migration of communities can profoundly affect the response to selection. The importance of this distinction bet ...
... (single-species propagule pool), or they may consist of multi-species assemblages (multi-species propagule pools; figure 1). As with the single-species migration structure, the pattern of migration of communities can profoundly affect the response to selection. The importance of this distinction bet ...
Biodiversity Guided Notes - Bloomsburg Area School District
... _______________________rather than individual species. • By doing this, we may be able to save most of the species in an ecosystem instead of only the ones that have been identified as endangered. • The general public has now begun to understand that Earth’s biosphere depends on all its connected ec ...
... _______________________rather than individual species. • By doing this, we may be able to save most of the species in an ecosystem instead of only the ones that have been identified as endangered. • The general public has now begun to understand that Earth’s biosphere depends on all its connected ec ...
Staddon et al 2010
... Gonzalez et al. 2009) asserts that productivity and stability of ecosystem functions are dependent on the rate of dispersal within fragmented landscapes. We tested a prediction from the spatial insurance hypothesis (Loreau et al. 2003), that habitat connectivity mediates the magnitude and timing of ...
... Gonzalez et al. 2009) asserts that productivity and stability of ecosystem functions are dependent on the rate of dispersal within fragmented landscapes. We tested a prediction from the spatial insurance hypothesis (Loreau et al. 2003), that habitat connectivity mediates the magnitude and timing of ...
simulated predator extinctions
... Abstract. The rate of species loss is increasing at a global scale, and human-induced extinctions are biased toward predator species. We examined the effects of predator extinctions on a foundation species, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). We performed a factorial experiment manipulating ...
... Abstract. The rate of species loss is increasing at a global scale, and human-induced extinctions are biased toward predator species. We examined the effects of predator extinctions on a foundation species, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). We performed a factorial experiment manipulating ...
video slide
... • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
File - Pedersen Science
... • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Two key strategies are bioremediation and augmentation of ecosystem processes. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.